Abstract
Microorganisms have the ability to produce several metabolites, which are widely used in biotechnological processes, including the biological catalysts called enzymes. Among these enzymes, lipases are favored because they perform various catalytic reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification and transesterification. This work sought to isolate filamentous fungi from samples collected in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, analyze their macroscopic morphological characteristics, determine the effect of temperature on their growth, and verify which organisms are potential lipase producers. From four collection sites, nine fungi were isolated from the leaves and soil of the jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) tree and three fungi from the Andu bean leaves (Cajanus cajan). The macroscopic morphological characteristics of the microorganisms were analyzed. For thermophilic analysis, the twelve isolated fungi and eight obtained from the laboratory bank were cultivated in a solid Potato-Dextrose-Agar medium from 30°C to 50°C, with intervals of 5°C. The growth rate per hour after 48 hours of development was calculated. For the selection of filamentous lipase-producing fungi, the 20 fungi were cultivated in solid BDA medium at 30°C for 96 hours, and the enzyme index was calculated. It was found that, of the 20 microorganisms, 95% developed at 30°C, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, PJ8 and PJ7. At 35°C, 70% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, MB2.2 and P3. At 40°C, 40% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, PJ6 and PJ8. At 45°C, only the PJ6 and PJ12 fungi grew, and no organism grew at 50°C. In the screening for lipase production, the largest growth halo was observed for the 3.2TA fungus from the bank.
Highlights
In the last decades, a great effort has been made in search of alternatives to fossil fuels because it is a finite fuel and because of the pollution caused by those fuels [1]
This work sought to isolate filamentous fungi from samples collected in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, analyze their macroscopic morphological characteristics, determine the effect of temperature on their growth, and verify which organisms are potential lipase producers
Of the 20 microorganisms, 95% developed at 30 ̊C, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, PJ8 and PJ7
Summary
A great effort has been made in search of alternatives to fossil fuels because it is a finite fuel and because of the pollution caused by those fuels [1]. The use of microorganisms for the production of lipase is advantageous because most of them are capable of producing this biocatalyst at a high rate and relatively low cost. The global market for industrial enzymes reached US$ 5.5 billion in 2018, and it is estimated that this value will reach US$ 7.0 billion by 2023, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9% in the 2018-2023 period [9]. To obtain enzymes with greater catalytic power, and lower the cost of enzyme production, there is a need for research that uses microorganisms isolated from new environments, as well as the use of agro-industrial residues in the composition of the media to obtain lipases with characteristics appropriate for a specific application
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