Iwasaki Gauge Action Research Articles

Lattice study ofKπscattering inI=3/2and1/2channels

We report the first lattice QCD results of the scattering amplitudes of the K{pi} system for I=1/2 channel together with the I=3/2 case. We investigate all quark diagrams contributing to these isospin states, and find that the scattering amplitudes are expressed as combinations of only three diagrams after setting the masses of u-quark and d-quark to be the same. The lattice simulations are performed in the quenched approximation at {beta}=2.23 on a 12{sup 3}x24 lattice with an improved Iwasaki gauge action. We employ a new dilution-type noise method to get an accuracy of data with reasonable CPU time. A simple method is proposed and applied to eliminate lattice artefact due to the finite extent of the lattice along the time direction. A clear difference in the quark mass dependence between the I=3/2 and I=1/2 channels is observed. Although the chiral extrapolation is subtle, we assume E{sub K{pi}}{sup 2}{proportional_to}m{sub u,d}{sup 2}, and obtain the S-wave scattering lengths as a{sub 0}(I=3/2)m{sub {pi}}=-0.084{sub -0.064}{sup +0.051} and a{sub 0}(I=1/2)m{sub {pi}}=-0.625{+-}0.012. We show all necessary formulas which make the calculation possible. We argue that {lambda}N is the most appropriate target of Luescher's formula for the baryonic system because it has no {pi} exchange diagrams andmore » has a scattering length suitable for a lattice QCD simulation.« less

Nucleon form factors with2+1flavor dynamical domain-wall fermions

We report our numerical lattice QCD calculations of the isovector nucleon form factors for the vector and axial-vector currents: the vector, induced tensor, axial-vector, and induced pseudoscalar form factors. The calculation is carried out with the gauge configurations generated with ${N}_{f}=2+1$ dynamical domain-wall fermions and Iwasaki gauge actions at $\ensuremath{\beta}=2.13$, corresponding to a cutoff ${a}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=1.73\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, and a spatial volume of $(2.7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}{)}^{3}$. The up and down-quark masses are varied so the pion mass lies between 0.33 and 0.67 GeV while the strange quark mass is about 12% heavier than the physical one. We calculate the form factors in the range of momentum transfers, $0.2<{q}^{2}<0.75\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$. The vector and induced tensor form factors are well described by the conventional dipole forms and result in significant underestimation of the Dirac and Pauli mean-squared radii and the anomalous magnetic moment compared to the respective experimental values. We show that the axial-vector form factor is significantly affected by the finite spatial volume of the lattice. In particular in the axial charge, ${g}_{A}/{g}_{V}$, the finite-volume effect scales with a single dimensionless quantity, ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}L$, the product of the calculated pion mass and the spatial lattice extent. Our results indicate that for this quantity, ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}L>6$ is required to ensure that finite-volume effects are below 1%.

Bottomonium spectrum from lattice QCD with2+1flavors of domain wall fermions

Recently, realistic lattice QCD calculations with 2+1 flavors of domain wall fermions and the Iwasaki gauge action have been performed by the RBC and UKQCD Collaborations. Here, results for the bottomonium spectrum computed on their gauge configurations of size 24{sup 3}x64 with a lattice spacing of approximately 0.11 fm and four different values for the light quark mass are presented. Improved lattice nonrelativistic QCD is used to treat the b quarks inside the bottomonium. The results for the radial and orbital energy splittings are found to be in good agreement with experimental measurements, indicating that systematic errors are small. The calculation of the {upsilon}(2S)-{upsilon}(1S) energy splitting provides an independent determination of the lattice spacing. For the most physical ensemble it is found to be a{sup -1}=1.740(25)(19) GeV, where the first error is statistical/fitting and the second error is an estimate of the systematic errors due to the lattice nonrelativistic QCD action.

2+1flavor lattice QCD toward the physical point

We present the first results of the PACS-CS project which aims to simulate 2+1 flavor lattice QCD on the physical point with the nonperturbatively $O(a)$-improved Wilson quark action and the Iwasaki gauge action. Numerical simulations are carried out at the lattice spacing of $a=0.0907(13)$fm on a $32^3\times 64$ lattice with the use of the DDHMC algorithm to reduce the up-down quark mass. Further algorithmic improvements make possible the simulation whose ud quark mass is as light as the physical value. The resulting PS meson masses range from 702MeV down to 156MeV, which clearly exhibit the presence of chiral logarithms. An analysis of the PS meson sector with SU(3) ChPT reveals that the NLO corrections are large at the physical strange quark mass. In order to estimate the physical ud quark mass, we employ the SU(2) chiral analysis expanding the strange quark contributions analytically around the physical strange quark mass. The SU(2) LECs ${\bar l}_3$ and ${\bar l}_4$ are comparable with the recent estimates by other lattice QCD calculations. We determine the physical point together with the lattice spacing employing $m_\pi$, $m_K$ and $m_\Omega$ as input. The hadron spectrum extrapolated to the physical point shows an agreement with the experimental values at a few % level of statistical errors, albeit there remain possible cutoff effects. We also find that our results of $f_\pi=134.0(4.2)$MeV, $f_K=159.4(3.1)$MeV and $f_K/f_\pi=1.189(20)$ with the perturbative renormalization factors are compatible with the experimental values. For the physical quark masses we obtain $m_{\rm ud}^\msbar=2.527(47)$MeV and $m_{\rm s}^\msbar=72.72(78)$MeV extracted from the axial-vector Ward-Takahashi identity with the perturbative renormalization factors.

Nonperturbative renormalization of quark bilinear operators andBKusing domain wall fermions

We present a calculation of the renormalization coefficients of the quark bilinear operators and the $K\ensuremath{-}\overline{K}$ mixing parameter ${B}_{K}$. The coefficients relating the bare lattice operators to those in the RI/MOM scheme are computed nonperturbatively and then matched perturbatively to the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme. The coefficients are calculated on the RBC/UKQCD $2+1$ flavor dynamical lattice configurations. Specifically we use a ${16}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}32$ lattice volume, the Iwasaki gauge action at $\ensuremath{\beta}=2.13$ and domain wall fermions with ${L}_{s}=16$.

The pion's electromagnetic form factor at small momentum transfer in full lattice QCD

We compute the electromagnetic form factor of a ``pion with mass m? = 330?MeV at low values of Q2??q2, where q is the momentum transfer. The computations are performed in a lattice simulation using an ensemble of the RBC/UKQCD collaboration's gauge configurations with Domain Wall Fermions and the Iwasaki gauge action with an inverse lattice spacing of 1.73(3)?GeV. In order to be able to reach low momentum transfers we use partially twisted boundary conditions using the techniques we have developed and tested earlier. For the pion of mass 330?MeV we find a charge radius given by r?2330?MeV = 0.354(31)?fm2 which, using NLO SU(2) chiral perturbation theory, translates to a value of r?2 = 0.418(31)?fm2 for a physical pion, in agreement with the experimentally determined result. We confirm that there is a significant reduction in computational cost when using propagators computed from a single time-slice stochastic source compared to using those with a point source; for m? = 330?MeV and volume (2.74?fm)3 we find the reduction is approximately a factor of 12.

Localization and chiral symmetry in three flavor domain wall QCD

We present results for the dependence of the residual mass of domain wall fermions (DWF) on the size of the fifth dimension and its relation to the density and localization properties of low-lying eigenvectors of the corresponding hermitian Wilson Dirac operator relevant to simulations of 2+1 flavor domain wall QCD. Using the DBW2 and Iwasaki gauge actions, we generate ensembles of configurations with a $$16^3\times 32$$ space-time volume and an extent of 8 in the fifth dimension for the sea quarks. We demonstrate the existence of a regime where the degree of locality, the size of chiral symmetry breaking and the rate of topology change can be acceptable for inverse lattice spacings $$a^{-1} \ge 1.6$$ GeV.

2+1flavor domain wall QCD on a(2 fm)3lattice: Light meson spectroscopy withLs=16

We present results for light meson masses and pseudoscalar decay constants from the first of a series of lattice calculations with 2+1 dynamical flavors of domain wall fermions and the Iwasaki gauge action. The work reported here was done at a fixed lattice spacing of about 0.12 fm on a 16^3\times32 lattice, which amounts to a spatial volume of (2 fm)^3 in physical units. The number of sites in the fifth dimension is 16, which gives m_{res} = 0.00308(4) in these simulations. Three values of input light sea quark masses, m_l^{sea} \approx 0.85 m_s, 0.59 m_s and 0.33 m_s were used to allow for extrapolations to the physical light quark limit, whilst the heavier sea quark mass was fixed to approximately the physical strange quark mass m_s. The exact rational hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm was used to evaluate the fractional powers of the fermion determinants in the ensemble generation. We have found that f_\pi = 127(4) MeV, f_K = 157(5) MeV and f_K/f_\pi = 1.24(2), where the errors are statistical only, which are in good agreement with the experimental values.

First results from2+1-flavor domain wall QCD: Mass spectrum, topology change, and chiral symmetry withLs=8

We present results for the static interquark potential, light meson and baryon masses, and light pseudoscalar meson decay constants obtained from simulations of domain wall QCD with one dynamical flavour approximating the s quark, and two degenerate dynamical flavours with input bare masses ranging from m{sub s} to m{sub s}/4 approximating the u and d quarks. We compare these quantities obtained using the Iwasaki and DBW2 improved gauge actions, and actions with larger rectangle coefficients, on 16{sup 3}x32 lattices. We seek parameter values at which both the chiral symmetry breaking residual mass due to the finite lattice extent in the fifth dimension and the Monte Carlo time history for topological charge are acceptable for this set of quark masses at lattice spacings above 0.1 fm. We find that the Iwasaki gauge action is best, demonstrating the feasibility of using QCDOC to generate ensembles which are good representations of the QCD path integral on lattices of up to 3 fm in spatial extent with lattice spacings in the range 0.09-0.13 fm. Despite large residual masses and a limited number of sea quark-mass values with which to perform chiral extrapolations, our results for light hadronic physics scale and agree with experimental measurementsmore » within our statistical uncertainties.« less

Non-perturbative improvement of the axial current with three dynamical flavors and the Iwasaki gauge action

We perform a non-perturbative determination of the improvement coefficient c_A to remove O(a) discretization errors in the axial vector current in three-flavor lattice QCD with the Iwasaki gauge action and the standard O$(a)$-improved Wilson quark action. An improvement condition with a good sensitivity to c_A is imposed at constant physics. Combining our results with the perturbative expansion, c_A is now known rather precisely for 1/a \gtrsim 1.6 GeV.

A lattice computation of the first moment of the kaon's distribution amplitude

We present a lattice computation of the first moment of the kaon's leading-twist distribution amplitude. The results were computed using ensembles with 2+1 dynamical flavours with the domain wall fermion action and Iwasaki gauge action from the RBC and UKQCD joint dataset. The first moment is non-zero because of SU(3)-breaking effects, and we find that we are able to measure these effects very clearly. We observe the expected chiral behaviour and finally obtain , which agrees very well with results obtained using sum-rules, but with a significantly smaller error. We discuss the systematic uncertainties in detail and explain the prospects for their further reduction. In particular, we are implementing a programme of non-perturbative renormalization to improve the precision on the normalization of the lattice operators (currently performed perturbatively) and are repeating the calculation on a large lattice (243×64 as compared to the present 163×32 lattice).

Perturbative renormalization factors for genericΔS=2four-quark operators in domain-wall QCD with improved gauge action

We calculate one-loop renormalization factors of generic $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=2$ four-quark operators for domain-wall QCD with the plaquette gauge action and the Iwasaki gauge action. The renormalization factors are presented in the modified minimal subtraction $(\overline{\mathrm{MS}})$ scheme with the naive dimensional regularization. As an important application we show how to construct the renormalization factors for the operators contributing to ${K}^{0}\ensuremath{-}{\overline{K}}^{0}$ mixing in the supersymmetric models with the use of our results.

The negativity of the overlap-based topological charge density correlator in pure-glue QCD and the non-integrable nature of its contact part

We calculate the lattice two-point function of topological charge density in pure-glue QCD using the discretization of the operator based on the overlap Dirac matrix. Utilizing data at three lattice spacings it is shown that the continuum limit of the correlator complies with the requirement of non-positivity at non-zero distances. For our choice of the overlap operator and the Iwasaki gauge action we find that the size of the positive core is ≈2a (with a being the lattice spacing) sufficiently close to the continuum limit. This result confirms that the overlap-based topological charge density is a valid local operator over realistic backgrounds contributing to the QCD path integral, and is important for the consistency of recent results indicating the existence of a low-dimensional global brane-like topological structure in the QCD vacuum. We also confirm the divergent short-distance behavior of the correlator, and the non-integrable nature of the associated contact part.

A scaling study of the step scaling function of quenched QCD with improved gauge actions

We study the scaling behavior of the step scaling function for SU(3) gauge theory, employing the Iwasaki gauge action and the Luescher-Weisz gauge action. In particular, we test the choice of boundary counter terms and apply a perturbative procedure for removal of lattice artifacts for the simulation results in the extrapolation procedure. We confirm the universality of the step scaling functions at both weak and strong coupling regions. We also measure the low energy scale ratio with the Iwasaki action, and confirm its universality.

Scaling study of the step scaling function in SU(3) gauge theory with improved gauge actions

We study the scaling behavior of the step scaling function for SU(3) gauge theory, employing the renormalization-group improved Iwasaki gauge action and the perturbatively improved L\"uscher-Weisz gauge action. We confirm that the step scaling functions from the improved gauge actions agree with that previously obtained from the plaquette action within errors in the continuum limit at both weak and strong coupling regions. We also investigate how different choices of boundary counter terms for the improved gauge actions affect the scaling behavior. In the extrapolation to the continuum limit, we observe that the cut off dependence becomes moderate for the Iwasaki action, if a perturbative reduction of scaling violations is applied to the simulation results. We also measure the low energy scale ratio with the Iwasaki action, and confirm its universality.

Chiral logarithms in quenched QCD

The quenched chiral logs are examined on a $16^3 \times 28$ lattice with Iwasaki gauge action and overlap fermions. The pion decay constant $f_{\pi}$ is used to set the lattice spacing, $a = 0.200(3) {\rm fm}$. With pion mass as low as $\sim 180 {\rm MeV}$, we see the quenched chiral logs clearly in $m_{\pi}^2/m$ and $f_P$, the pseudoscalar decay constant. We analyze the data to determine how low the pion mass needs to be in order for the quenched one-loop chiral perturbation theory ($\chi$PT) to apply. With the constrained curve-fitting method, we are able to extract the quenched chiral log parameter $\delta$ together with other low-energy parameters. Only for $m_{\pi} \leq 300 {\rm MeV}$ do we obtain a consistent and stable fit with a constant $\delta$ which we determine to be 0.24(3)(4) (at the chiral scale $\Lambda_{\chi}=0.8 {\rm GeV}$). By comparing to the $12^3 \times 28$ lattice, we estimate the finite volume effect to be about 2.7% for the smallest pion mass. We also fitted the pion mass to the form for the re-summed cactus diagrams and found that its applicable region is extended farther than the range for the one-loop formula, perhaps up to $m_{\pi} \sim 500-600$ MeV. The scale independent $\delta$ is determined to be 0.20(3) in this case. We study the quenched non-analytic terms in the nucleon mass and find that the coefficient $C_{1/2}$ in the nucleon mass is consistent with the prediction of one-loop $\chi$PT\@. We also obtain the low energy constant $L_5$ from $f_{\pi}$. We conclude from this study that it is imperative to cover only the range of data with the pion mass less than $\sim 300 {\rm MeV}$ in order to examine the chiral behavior of the hadron masses and decay constants in quenched QCD and match them with quenched one-loop $\chi$PT\@.

The static potential to O(α 2) in lattice perturbation theory

We present a calculation of Wilson loops, and the static inter-quark potential to O(α 2) in lattice perturbation theory. This is carried out with the Wilson, Symanzik-Weisz, and Iwasaki gauge actions and the Wilson, Sheikholeslami-Wohlert, and Kogut-Susskind dynamical fermion action for small Wilson loops, and with the Wilson gauge action and each of the dynamical quark actions in the case of the static potential.