IT Components Research Articles

IJCM_252A: An Assessment of Functioning of Health and Wellness Centres - Sub Health Centres (HWC-SHC) in Raipur District.

Background: The National Health Policy 2017 has envisioned the integration of Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) into India’s healthcare system as part of Ayushman Bharat. In February 2018, the Indian Government declared the transformation of 1,50,000 existing Sub Health Centers and Primary Health Centers into Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) to provide Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC). Health and Wellness Centres have an important role in the prevention of several diseases and health promotion and in undertaking public health functions in the community to strengthen the frontline workers and community platforms. Objective: To assess the availability of Infrastructure and 12 comprehensive primary health care services in study centres (HWC-SHC) in Raipur district Methodology: This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the 32 Health and wellness centre-sub centres of Raipur district, Chhattisgarh. In the Raipur district, there are 4 blocks and from each block, 25% of the study centres (HWC-SHC) are selected by simple random sampling. Semi- structured assessment tool with the reference of Government of India Operational Guidelines was used which consisted of checklist regarding Physical Infrastructure, Human Resource, Medicine, Diagnostic, IT component and 12 comprehensive primary health care services. The data was collected and analysis is being done by using SPSS software. Results: Out of 32 HWC-SHCs, 6 (18.75% ) were catering the services for the population as per the norms i.e. 3000- 5000. In the present study, 19 (59.4%) boundary wall, and 21 (65.6%) of SCs had wellness space. There were 31 (96.9%) of SCs had labor room, and 14 (43.8 %) had newborn care corner (NBCC). In this study, 21.9% Grievance board and 100% of IEC were present at the studied subcentres. It was observed that 31(96.9%) SCs had water, 27 (84.4%) had electricity supply and 1 (3.1%) of SCs had power backup. Separate public utilities for males and females were available in 2(6.3%) of the study centres. Out of the study sub-centre, 28 (87.5%) residential facilities were available, out of which 24 (85%) were occupied. For diagnostic services, 53.1 % of study centres have sickle- cell rapid tests and none of the centres have VIA for Screening of cervical cancer. Conclusion: The finding of the study shows that there is a scarcity in the physical infrastructure, Human resource and lab-diagnostic services at the studied centres. The major factor contributing to the non-utilization of health services at the SCs was the lack of adequate infrastructure, and logistics available at these centres.

TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF IMPLEMENTING BLENDED LEARNING AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL

ABSTRACT 
 In higher education institutions, internet accessibility, availability, and connectivity are helping teachers to adopt the latest pedagogical content and technological knowledge. Blended learning is one of the latest methods in the teaching-learning process. This study was conducted on university-level teachers in Islamabad, Pakistan. The key purpose of the study was to explore teachers’ perceptions of adopting blended learning at the university level. For the assessment of the perception of teachers about blended learning, we have used stratified random sampling to select participants. A study of 51 teachers in blended learning found that faculty are prepared to implement the approach, but issues like the internet, network, and electricity must be resolved before implementation. Higher education institutions must utilize blended learning and IT components to improve personalized learning and student professional development.

Blockchain Technology: Features, Characteristics with a focus on its Types

Blockchain Technology is the emerging component of IT and Computing and is a kind of encrypted record of data works on distributed database. This is furthermore dealt with the data related to the transaction, contract, independent record, etc. Digital ledger is important and also applicable in various platforms, not bounded in a particular place; and required in financial activities and services and hence it is worthy in healthy digital currency and transactions. Financial transaction is not associated with the third party and it keeps the data encryption and here participants no need to share personal data and thus Blockchain Technology is associated with the data breach. Insignificantly Blockchain not only reduces the data breach but also supports the multiple numbers of shared copies and it works on the same database. It helps in wage a data breach attack. Earlier it was known as Blockchain but gradually it is treated as a Technology and considered as important in Information Technology and impacting the financial sector rapidly. Blockchain Technology is required in various tangible and intangible asset management and required in tracking including recorded effectively within a network and ledger. Blockchain is therefore is a tool, a technique, as well as a procedure for sophisticated financial management. This paper is based on existing literature emphasizing Blockchain Technology with features, characteristics with a focus on its types.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ УСТОЙЧИВЫМ РАЗВИТИЕМ БИЗНЕСА

Against the background of geopolitical instability and the consequences of the pandemic, there has been a reassessment of values, and the management of sustainable business development has become especially popular. The article examines the evolution of approaches in the management of sustainable development, the authors of this article propose a four-pronged approach that includes the IT component of business, inseparable in the age of information technology, combining and improving the implementation of goals in relation to three traditional components (economic growth, environmental safety, social balance). The analysis of approaches in the management of sustainable development in Russia and abroad is carried out.

Issues regarding IT Consumerization: How Mixed IT Portfolios of Private and Business IT Components Cause Unreliability

With increasing mobile work due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the usage and relevance of consumer IT for business purposes have substantially increased. In this light, an understudied area of IT consumerization, the adverse outcomes for employees using consumer IT for business purposes, is of major importance. We conduct a mixed-methods study to investigate the adverse outcomes of IT consumerization. We build on prior studies and end-user interviews to draw connections between IT consumerization and unreliability as one known technostressor. A quantitative survey of 162 full-time employees shows that IT consumerization is associated with increased unreliability. The users’ general computer self-efficacy, instead, decreases unreliability, and unreliability leads to various job-related and health-related outcomes. We show that unreliability is driven by users’ experience while trying to integrate private and business IT components for business purposes. We follow up on this observation through a qualitative analysis of open-ended survey questions to detail users’ experiences. Our findings emphasize the need to examine the negative outcomes of IT consumerization, despite its well-studied positive effects. We suggest that organizations should strive to integrate business and private IT as much as IT security constraints allow for reduced technostress.

Unraveling the Impact of Lockdowns on E-commerce: An Empirical Analysis of Google Analytics Data during 2019–2022

This paper presents an empirical analysis of e-commerce data obtained through Google Analytics (GA) from two small businesses’ perspectives: an IT components company and a tourism agency website located within the same county in Romania. The objective of our study is to examine the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and seasonal variations over the last four years. The data collection spanned from January 2019, predating the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, until mid-February 2023. To facilitate our analysis, we categorize the GA metrics into groups that encompassed website performance, site accessibility, and user behavior for the IT company. As for the tourism agency, we focus on website accessibility, user behavior, and marketing campaigns. Our goal is to empirically group or associate GA metrics according to their intrinsic meaning and check if each group reflects a certain latent concept (such as user behavior or site accessibility). Furthermore, our study aims to formulate and test five hypotheses regarding the immediate and long-lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations of small businesses. Our contribution consists of formulating and verifying the five hypotheses by providing descriptive data from the results of the Pearson correlation test, empirically grouping the GA metrics and verifying whether they reflect certain latent factors or topics, interpreting the results from the application of the ANOVA technique and Scarpello’s adaptation of the one factor test, respectively.

Automating Recovery in Mixed Operation Technology/IT Critical Infrastructures

We present various concepts for automated backup, recovery, and configuration management, evaluating these concepts for real-world use and identifying limits for application to operational technology (OT) systems. While most IT components are well prepared for automation, OT hard- and software is not and imposes hurdles.

Comparative Analysis between Intel Corporation and AMD in the Context of the IT Industry in Romania

This scientific work delves into the remarkable surge of international trade in high-tech products observed globally over the past decade. Emphasizing their pivotal role in European Commission policies, particularly in environmental and climate-related discussions concerning our digital future and economic stability, the study provides key insights from Eurostat's analysis of extra-EU high-tech product trade. Noteworthy points include a steady 4.9% average annual increase in total trade outside the EU from 2011 to 2021, with high-tech products' share in total trade growing from 14.7% to 18.1% over the same period. China emerges as the principal partner for imports into the EU, while the United States takes the lead in exports from the EU. Eurostat's data further reveals a substantial rise in total extra-EU trade (imports + exports) in high-tech products, surging from €482 billion EUR to €777 billion EUR between 2011 and 2021, indicating an average annual growth rate of 4.9%. Imports escalated from €248 billion to €392 billion, experiencing an average annual growth rate of 4.7%, whereas exports showed slightly stronger growth, increasing from €234 billion to €385 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 5.1%. This led to a reduction in the European Union's trade deficit, plummeting from €14 billion EUR to €7 billion EUR. Additionally, the study examines the IT industry in Romania, characterized by steady and sustainable growth according to the Employers' Association of the Software and Services Industry (ANIS). The industry's value soared from 4.6 billion euros in 2015 to over 9 billion euros in 2022, signifying a substantial impact on the country's gross domestic product (GDP), reaching 7%. Bucharest holds the largest market share at 60%, followed by Cluj at 18%. To provide comprehensive insights into the Romanian microprocessor market, the study employed an online questionnaire from December 3, 2022, to January 3, 2023. Participants were invited to respond to 22 questions, 16 of which were closed-ended, while 6 were open-ended. The questionnaire primarily focuses on gathering objective data related to the microprocessor market in Romania, particularly from the perspectives of industry leaders INTEL and AMD. Following the administration of the aforementioned questionnaire, a total of 485 responses were gathered from individuals aged between 18 and 70 years old. The aggregation of the received responses yielded valuable information on various aspects including gender distribution, age demographics, professional fields, budget allocation for processors, annual spending on IT components, and preferences for processor manufacturers, among others. These insights provide a comprehensive overview of the Romanian microprocessor market, offering crucial data for companies operating in this industry to make informed decisions and develop effective strategies.

INNOVATIVE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES OF CONSTRUCTION

Purpose. Analysis of the main advantages and proposals for the use of innovative information technologies to increase the efficiency of organizational construction processes. Methodology. Along with the spread of organizational processes of technology and construction organization of modern well-known Ukrainian and foreign IT firms in Ukraine, there is a need to improve the image of construction by using high-tech methods of standard and non-standard construction of civil and industrial buildings and structures. The tasks currently facing the country in the field of capital construction are the revival of renovation and reconstruction of domestic industrial and civil construction, the introduction of advanced technologies on a large scale, the rise of the culture of construction production, the training of a new generation of professional builders who are able to solve these tasks using IT in construction. The successful implementation of such a course is facilitated by measures to improve the technology and organization of construction, the introduction of new IT methods for managing renovations and reconstructions, and solving financing problems. Findings. The paper analyzes the scientific research of IT in construction, in particular during the renovation and reconstruction of buildings and structures, which reflect the advantages of using innovative technologies, VIM technologies at various stages of renovation and reconstruction from the technology of construction organization, and provides examples of the use of innovative technologies. Originality. Analysis of the results of the application of the most common IT components in industrial and civil construction makes it possible to use them at different stages, taking into account various software and technical support. Practical value. Technical, technological and organizational solutions in construction technology and organization, which have already been developed and implemented, allow the use of innovative technologies or their parts regardless of the technical or software equipment of construction organizations in the design and construction of construction objects. The methodological structure of analysis, quantitative evaluation and modeling of processes was developed, which made it possible to identify the dependencies that characterize the level of efficiency of works and allows for variant design of construction works with the help of these technologies.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ КАК ФАКТОР ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА В РСО-АЛАНИЯ

This article treats the economic advantage of the participation of social design in the development of the tourism industry at the national, regional and local levels. Destinations of various scales arise due to the formation of tourist interest, which in turn increases the demand for travel and the sale of tourism products. Mass media and modern technologies make it possible to carry out a wide coverage of the target audience, which also allows one to take an active part in the social projects proposed by the government of the Russian Federation and fund structures. The effectiveness of this measure to support both individuals and legal entities is considered in the article on the example of the implementation of the grant project “Trace by the Road”, the youth forum “Mashuk 2020” in the nomination “Sport, Healthy Lifestyle, Tourism”. The implementation of the idea provided an opportunity to obtain information of high-quality concerning the objects of natural, historical and cultural heritage of Ossetia in the modern format, that is, in addition to the traditional submission through printed publications and panel structures, digital content is given by clicking on the QR code to the site “Trace by the Road”, where today’s user receives comprehensive information in a convenient form. The economic benefit provided by social design is fully reflected in the reporting form, and the effect of the implemented idea is determined by the positive reaction of the society by increasing the number of page users. These results were achieved due to the introduction of the IT component in the implementation of the grant, increasing information accessibility in the mountains. For tourism, as a leading economic industry, digitalization makes it possible to be as customer-oriented as possible, namely. provide feedback: independently form a tour, make a purchase, leaving comments and reviews, which in turn, stimulates the dynamics of demand and expansion of offers.

Economic Security as a Tool for Ensuring National Economic Development

The paper discusses the concept of national economic security as a tool for ensuring progressive economic growth. The concept is multifaceted and involves ensuring security in all spheres of economic activity, in the social sphere, etc. However, today economic security is increasingly jeopardized by new threats that the state is obliged to protect against. Ensuring economic security starts with some social issues, namely, ensuring a growing personal income, combating unemployment and poverty, etc. Growing personal incomes allow enterprises to increase production volumes and create conditions for innovations to be launched, i.e. bring about a multiplier effect. As of the first quarter of 2022, the poverty rate in the country was over 14 %, which means that 14 % of citizens could afford to buy only the most necessary items, not to mention any major purchases. Unfortunately, Russia is still dependent on imported machinery, equipment, IT components, etc. Domestic production is inferior to foreign counterparts, both in price and quality, and an import substitution policy has not been fully implemented yet. On the other hand, foreign companies having withdrawn from the domestic market caused price rises and reduced competition for domestic producers. Thus, the state is required to provide support for manufacturers, on the one hand, and on the other hand, to take measures in the social sphere that would reduce social tension and foster economic recovery after a long period of self-isolation caused by the coronavirus pandemic and increasing sanction pressures.

Cybersecurity Challenges in Healthcare.

Cyber security attacks evidence has shown that many sectors and industries are still at an insufficient level of readiness to counter these threats, including healthcare organizations and the entire healthcare industry. The COVID-19 pandemic has additionally launched the issue of cyber protection of healthcare systems and connected medical and other devices as well as modern IT components, which are often the entry point for attackers against healthcare organizations. With the aim of a systematic approach to cyber security in healthcare organizations, this article comprehensively presents cyber risks and possible consequences of attacks in the context of healthcare organization services, as well as identifies the five most important cyber security challenges and provides recommendations for establishing protection mechanisms in line with best practices.

Building Green Smart City Capabilities in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Information and communication technology is currently developing rapidly. It has created a great number of opportunities for governments worldwide to meet the demands of the public in providing services including environmentally friendly public services for the community and citizens. This study aims to present a case study on public services of South Sumatra government programs in order to develop a green smart city concept by combining smart city and green IT concepts which aim to align and incorporate green IT components, including pollution prevention, product stewardship, and clean technology into conceptual variants, essential elements, and strategic principles. A smart city is an innovative and modern concept utilising technology to facilitate and provide public information and to improve environmentally friendly public services through smart applications. South Sumatera is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has been implementing a smart city to provide environmentally friendly public services through the command centre. It is used to monitor an entire government agency’s activities and communicates with the public. To fulfil the aims of the study, this study identifies the comprehensive environmentally friendly public services through Natural Resource-Based View Theory perspectives. In addition, this study deploys in-depth interviews with sources or informants as a form of data search and direct observation. The number of informants used as research respondents consisted of several elements of the government, including the executive, legislative, and implementing agencies. The study reveals that the South Sumatera Government has several environmentally friendly public services that could be deployed to prevent pollution and reduce the emission in their activities. Further, the government in South Sumatra has product and service stewardships and invests in clean technology to minimise the adverse impacts of their activities on the environment.

A new medical image enhancement algorithm using adaptive parameters

AbstractThe quality of medical images plays a vital role in many image processing applications such as image segmentation, feature extraction, image classification, image recognition, and image fusion. Some of the common problems with Medical images are noise, blur, or low contrast. According to our observations, current image enhancement algorithms only focus on solving individual problems such as gray level adjustment, noise reduction, or sharpness enhancement. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to solve problems on images simultaneously. First, we propose an image decomposition algorithm. This algorithm allows decomposing the image into three components: structure (IS), texture (IT), and noise (IN). Second, the structural component (IS) is enhanced by the contrast‐limited adaptive histogram equalization method to obtain ICLAHE. We use the structure tensor salient detection operator and the Laplace edge detection operator to add structural and texture features. These operators are applied to the ICLAHE and IT components to obtain the ISTS and ILED components, respectively. The IT and ILED components are used to generate the enhanced component (called ) by using the Max operator. Third, the Marine predators algorithm is used to find the optimal parameters β1, β2, β3, and β4 corresponding to ICLAHE, ISTS, , and IN. Finally, the enhanced image is made up of the sum of the ICLAHE, ISTS, , and IN images multiplied by the optimal parameters β1, β2, β3, and β4, respectively. Six state‐of‐the‐art image enhancement approaches, seven medical image fusion algorithms, and six image quality metrics have been utilized to verify the proposed approach's effectiveness. The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the quality of the input medical images as well as significantly improves the efficiency of current medical image synthesis algorithms.

INFORMATION ASSURANCE: EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM AT BACHELORS LEVEL—AN INTERNATIONAL LOOK

Security is become an important name these days for different reasons. Today organizations and institutions are engaged in information affairs and in which IT Components become important and valuable. Worldwide manpower requirement in this field is highly solicited, different educational institutions viz. colleges, universities, technical institutions are doing well in this context. There are different areas closely related with the Information Assurance such as Cyber Security, Information Security, IT Security, Computer Security etc. Information Assurance is a broader version of IT Security which talks and deals with both manual and computational security related affairs. Information Assurance moreover comes with the topics in policy designing for healthy information systems designing and development. The framework, guidelines for sustainable information systems designing is also part of Information Assurance. Initially different universities have been started Information Assurance program at Doctoral level and in recent past apart from Masters degrees few have started Bachelors as well. This paper is highlighted the basics of Information Assurance and mainly the available programs of Information Assurance at Bachelors degree level. Paper mentioned the emerging areas and topic of interest as well. It is noted that few universities offers the areas as a full-fledged manner and few as a specialization within a broader domain.

PERANCANGAN IT BALANCED SCORECARD DI PERGURUAN TINGGI

The implementation of the MEA competition in the field of higher education is undeniably very closely related to the industrial revolution 4.0 where all teaching and learning process systems no longer use traditional systems but require the practice of using advanced IT technology (Information Technology). The study took the object of the UNISLA private university in Lamongan, emphasizing a qualitative case study approach to see how the implementation of IT components became a Balanced scorecard strategy at UNISLA. There are several strategic goals in implementing the IT balanced scorecard at UNISLA, among others (financial perspective: cost efficiency and profit oriented, customer perspective: increasing the satisfaction of UNISLA users including students, lecturers, and education staff, internal business perspective: developing the use of IT as a the main foundation in UNISLA business processes, learning and growth perspectives: evaluation of IT improvement in UNISLA and improvement of UNISLA users' skills.) From the explanation above we can conclude that why the application of IT in the Balanced Scorecard is so important to be applied as a support in the industrial revolution 4.0.

ISSUES OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF BUSINESS MODELS IN THE SERVICE SECTOR

The purpose of this article is to summarize and present the main features of the digital transformation of service business models. Methodology. The authors propose to consider the strategic vector of digital transformation of business models in the context of the formation of the digital economy as a new way of transforming business models and processes of all types of activities. The study based on the analysis of successful foreign and domestic experience allowed to summarize the key provisions of the digital transformation of business models in the service sector. The authors determine that the goal of digital transformation of the business model is to increase its economic efficiency through the introduction of digital technology in all areas of activity, in developing a strategy it is important to consider the directions of digital transformation. The authors present scientific and methodological approaches of leading international organizations to the interpretation of the term "digital economy" and give their own definition, taking into account the context of business models. Practical implications. Digital transformation (digitalization) is seen not just as support through IT components of existing business models, but the transformation of the entire business model, whose main objective is to ensure flexible and rapid change. functioning of the business based on the use of the latest advances in ICT, taking into account the specifics of the business (product, service, product portfolio, services). Based on this definition, the authors consider the main components of a digital business model transformation strategy. Value/originality. It is justified that the digitalization of the business model does not involve a simple transformation of technology, but a change in the business model and business processes. In these circumstances, it is reasonable to consider the following components of digital strategies to improve the efficiency of the business model of service enterprises.

GRADE IT-A Literacy-Based Assessment Tool for Generating Research-Based Assessment Data to Evidence the ImpacT of Anti-doping Education via Athletes' Capability to Make the Right Decision.

The International Standard for Education (ISE) mandates Code Signatories to plan, deliver, and evaluate anti-doping education. Performance-based evaluation of anti-doping education requires alignment between educational goals, content, and defined outcomes. Based on an existentialist teaching and learning philosophy, we aimed to develop and test an anti-doping impact evaluation tool, to assess the impact of anti-doping education on doping awareness, literacy (DAL), perceived trust, and legitimacy. We propose that the impact of anti-doping education is best captured through assessment of situation-specific (social) cognitive mediators of actions that influence athletes' choices in the context of sport-related goals. In phase one, we aimed to develop and test the Generating Research-based Assessment Data to Evidence the ImpacT of anti-doping education (GRADE IT) evaluation tool that comprised a set of social cognitive components: anti-doping knowledge, DAL, perceived trust, and legitimacy of anti-doping (organizations). In phase two we assessed whether anti-doping education impacts knowledge, the three DAL stages (functional, interactive, and critical literacy), perceived trust and legitimacy. Phase one enrolled 986 junior elite athletes, and we showed that all GRADE IT components performed well. After revision of the tool for phase two, we validated the assumption that anti-doping education impacts the likelihood that athletes will make the “right” choice (based on a new set of data from 1,255 junior elite athletes). Comprehensive education was associated with higher scores for all stages of DAL, as well as perceived trust and legitimacy. Even athletes reporting no education had positive scores for all included outcomes, supporting the assumption that most athletes wish to engage in clean sport behaviors and might need anti-doping education not to prevent them from doping, but rather to reinforce their commitment to clean sport. In conclusion, GRADE IT, which is available in 23 languages, is a suitable tool for application to young, emerging athletes to satisfy the ISE requirement for evaluating anti-doping education programs. Researchers and practitioners alike are advised to collect additional data to further validate the tool for adult athletes, and to apply it longitudinally to identify if changes in doping prevention policies have a delayed effect on DAL, perceived trust, and legitimacy.

Innovative Ecosystem Model of Vaccine Lifecycle Management

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely tested humanity, revealing the need to develop and improve the medical, economic, managerial, and IT components of vaccine management systems. The vaccine lifecycle includes vaccine research and development, production, distribution, and vaccination of the population. To manage this cycle effectively the proper organizational and IT support model of the interaction of vaccine lifecycle management stakeholders is needed—which are an innovation ecosystem and an appropriate virtual platform. A literature review has revealed the lack of methodological basis for the vaccine innovation ecosystem and virtual platform. This article is devoted to the development of a complex approach for the development of an innovation ecosystem based on vaccine lifecycle management and a virtual platform which provides the data exchange environment and IT support for the ecosystem stakeholders. The methodological foundation of the solution, developed in the article, is an enterprise architecture approach, CALS technologies, supply chain management and an open innovation philosophy. The results, presented in the article, are supposed to be a reference set of models for the creation of a vaccine innovation ecosystem, both during pandemics and periods of stable viral load.

Digital transformation in project-based manufacturing: Developing the ISA-95 model for vertical integration

The Smart Factory is the intelligent management of all business operations that aims to produce innovative products in the most efficient and faster way through the cyber-physical system (CPS). CPS integrates the cyber (IT) and the physical world (OT) through the hierarchical layers of ISA-95 model and forms the backbone of Industry 4.0. The CPS plays a crucial role in transforming data from interconnected systems, and it is a prerequisite for the entire system to be able to interact. The ISA-95 model consists of components that can be used to determine how the interaction between domains vertically within the facility. However, the current ISA-95 Model does not include all the components that need to be integrated in vertical integration of all domains. The product domain is one of them. All IT and OT components need to be represented in the ISA-95 layers to achieve an ideal CPS structure. In this study, all components needed to achieve the ideal CPS structure have been identified in an expanded ISA-95 Model for project-based manufacturers. An extended ISA-95 model is proposed so that each manufacturing industry can use it in the digital transformation process by adding a product domain and connectivity layer to the Model. The Model was tested and confirmed, by conducting a case study which was based on implementing the vertical integration on it. This model helps businesses to develop more effective digital transformation strategies by defining where they should focus on or from where they should start the digital transformation processes.