Production Of Items Research Articles

German-Turkish Commodities Trade in Contrast to the Decline in German Foreign Trade

The article examines the specifics of Germany's trade with Turkey in comparison with the characteristics of all-German foreign trade. The author shows the successful development of the Turkish direction of German foreign trade after 2010, the roles of Turkey and Germany as trading partners, and examines in detail the structure of bilateral trade. Structural changes are analysed on the basis of the electronic database of German Federal Statistical Office, which allows to use the statistics in three profiles – four product groups, thirty branches and 248 product items. Particular attention is paid to the changes that occurred in 2023. The unit costs of exports and imports by product groups are calculated and a significant difference in favor of Germany is revealed for the main product group – finished products. The main branches of export and import are identified and compared with analogous branches of all-German trade flows. Based on this comparison, the peculiar features of the Turkish export market (increased role of the automotive, mechanical engineering and chemical industries, the growing importance of the production of vehicles other than cars) and the import source (increased focus on the automotive, clothing and engineering industries) are formulated. Both the most important and the most promising individual commodity items in bilateral trade are identified (the first include aircraft for export and outerwear for import, the second include auto components and cars for import). The conclusions about the likely increase in the importance of imports from Turkey and the imminent entry of this country into the top ten trading partners of Germany are substantiated.

Paisley-shaped antler onlays with fantastic beasts from Veliky Novgorod: issues of functional and stylistic attribution

The article deals with two paisley-shaped antler onlays with fantastic beast drawings. These artifacts were dated to the end of the XIII – first half of the XIV centuries and were found during the archaeological excavations in Novgorod. These finds were made with a high degree of artistic skill and have a number of similar stylistic features, which allow them to be considered in the context of common pictorial tradition. These beast images have stylistic analogies among items of Novgorod antler products of this period, which were created under the influence of Golden Horde art traditions. Another problem deals with the attribution of these objects. According to historiography, paisley-shaped onlays attributed as a decoration of saddles. For the present among the archaeological materials of Novgorod, there are no known finds of saddles with similar decoration preserved in situ. Only similar finds from a nomadic burial nearby the village of Philia (XIII– XIV centuries) make it possible to adhere to this hypothesis.

Impact of harvest maturity and storage conditions on tomato quality: A comprehensive experimental and modeling study

The study was applied to fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum, Marbone variety). First, a field survey was conducted to obtain statistical data on the temperature and duration (minimum, mode, maximum) at different stages in the supply chain. Then, the physicochemical, phytochemical and volatile compounds were measured at harvest and on five different days (3, 7, 11, 14 and 21 days) for two maturity stages at harvest (green-orange and light red) and under three storage temperatures (3 °C, 8 °C and 15 °C). These data were used to evaluate the combined impact of harvest maturity, time and storage temperature on the evolution of the different compounds. From the same data, quality models were developed based on the Arrhenius equation to describe the tomato quality evolution under different storage temperatures for (Z)-3 hexenal, total sum of acids, lycopene and chlorogenic acid. These compounds were chosen because of their relation to commercial and nutritional qualities. The model results were validated using additional data from a different study conducted on one constant temperature profile and two dynamic time-temperature profiles as in a supply chain. Finally, data from the field survey and the quality models were combined in a Monte Carlo process (105 product items) to simulate the variability of time-temperature profiles from the grower to the sales outlet and its impact on the quality attributes. For two maturity stages at harvest, the impact of the supply chain on the quality attributes of tomatoes at the sales outlet was also analyzed. Simulation results show that the maturity stage at harvest significantly impacts the final lycopene content and the total sum of acids in tomatoes at the sales outlet, with fruit harvested at the light red stage containing higher lycopene levels (and a lower hue angle) and a lower total sum of acids in comparison with fruit harvested at the green-orange stage. However, at the sales outlet, the concentrations of chlorogenic acid and (Z)-3-hexenal in fruit harvested at the green-orange and light red stages are similar. This information would be useful for fruit and vegetable stakeholders for time-temperature management of tomato fruit throughout the supply chain in order to optimally preserve the main quality attributes.

Utilization of the intersection of ABC and XYZ analysis in stock planning in the warehouse by Covid period

The aim of this article is to find the most appropriate inventory storage strategies in a new warehouse according to the Covid period. Based on the company's analysis and preferences, we have concluded that the most suitable inventory storage strategy will be ABC, XYZ and penetration analysis according to which the inventory will be produced to the company's warehouse. The result of the paper is the intersection of these analyses. Based on the penetration analysis, we found that AAXX group has 27% of the product items. The CXX group of manufactured items has a high turnover, but accounts for only 1% of the total items. The AA category has a low turnover but accounts for only 0.63% of the product items. As a result of the penetration analysis, we concluded that the categories AAXX, AAX, AXX, AX and BXX are suitable to be produced in large quantity in stock. For categories AAY, AY, BX and BY, it is recommended to plan the production of items for stock with caution and not to produce them in such large quantities. The regularity of the analysis of these methods is very important. The intersection of ABC and XYZ analyses indicates the regularity of applying these methods due to the existence of excess or non-replenishable stocks.

Pemodelan Data Mining Transaksi Penjualan Menggunakan Algoritma Apriori (Studi Kasus: Kedai Ngodeng & Smoothies)

The role of UMKM is very large in the growth of the Indonesian economy, Kedai Ngodeng & Smoothies, as one of the UMKM that is active in the food and beverage industry. This shop has not made maximum use of sales transaction data. The transaction data is only used as an archive and is not used to organize sales strategies. In this research, the method used is the a priori algorithm to determine the relationship between one product item and other product items so that it can be used as a promotional package or bundling to increase sales profits. The data used is sales transaction data for the Ngodeng & Smoothies shop from January to May 2024. The research began with initial data collection, followed by data description and evaluation of data selection. After that, attribute selection is carried out. The CRISP-DM method is applied in this research which includes six stages, namely business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation and dissemination. Based on the results of the research, there are 95 Association Rules based on previously determined parameters, namely the minimum support value is 50% and the minimum confidence is 90%. One of the rules that was formed is that Smoothies Mangga Large, Twister, Kembang Cumi --> Odeng Spicy has a confidence value of 100%. The information obtained can provide important insights into customer preferences and can be used to design more effective product bundling promotions.

A hybrid numerical approach for characterising airflow and temperature distribution in a ventilated pallet of heat-generating products: Application to cheese

Temperature control throughout the cold chain is of crucial importance in the preservation of the quality of cheese. As a result of cheese heat generation, both natural and forced convection need to be considered. This numerical study aimed to characterise the airflow and temperature fields within a ventilated pallet of heat-generating cheeses. An original computational fluid dynamics (CFD) hybrid approach was developed. This approach is based on a combination of a porous media approach for the contents of the boxes and a direct CFD approach for the outer cardboard walls, including vent size and position. The computational domain is limited to one pallet level. The simulations were conducted on a steady state for two upwind air velocities 0.31 m/s and 0.73 m/s and three generated heat fluxes 0.05 W, 0.15 W, and 0.3 W per product item (250 g). The model was validated by comparison with experimental results related to velocity and product temperature profiles obtained on a full-scale experimental set-up. The hybrid approach shows good accuracy while reducing the mesh size and the computational time in comparison with the direct CFD approach.

Choburak-I – a necropolis of the Rouran period in the Northern Altai

The article presents the results of studying materials obtained during excavations of the Bulan-Koby necropolis identified as part of the large multi-temporal archaeological complex Choburak-I. This site, located in Chemal district of the Altai Republic, is being studied by an expedition from Altai State University. The burial ground included 12 mounds, which contained undisturbed burials of seven men, three women, a teenager and a child. The key features of the ritual practice identified during the excavations include a small stone mound with an oval stonework-crepidoma; shallow graves; single human inhumation; the head of the dead person pointing northwest; accompanying burial of a horse, laid “at the feet” and on top of the deceased. Representative grave goods was found in the burials, including weapons, items of human equipment, tools and household products, ornaments, as well as horse harness. An analysis of these finds makes it possible to determine the time of construction of the Choburak-I necropolis as the middle – second half of the 4th century AD, which is confirmed by the results of radiocarbon dating. An assumption was made about the short period of the burial ground functioning (no more than 30 years). It was established that this complex belongs to the Dialian tradition of ritual practice of the Bulan-Koby population, the bearers of which constituted the elite of the Northern Altai nomads in the Rouran period.

Analisis Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja dengan Metode JSA dan HAZOPS

This research was motivated by the problem of work accidents among workshop employees, including exposure to sparks, legs being hit by production items and iron fences, sore eyes and blistered hands. And welding employees do not use PPE when working. The aim of the research is to identify hazards and risks that can cause work accidents in CV. XYZ uses the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method. Analyzing the level of risk by assessing likelihood (possibility) and consequence (severity) using the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOPS) method at CV. XYZ. And provide recommendations for improvements to very high and high risk levels. The type of data in this research is primary data. Primary data obtained directly from the field, namely potential hazard data obtained by making direct observations at CV. XYZ. The results of the research have found that workers' attitudes towards work have a high level of risk and potential danger which is then classified into sources of danger that have extreme, high, medium and low risk. The proposed improvements given to overcome these dangers include providing personal protective equipment, conducting safety and health training for workers to get workers who are professional and understand the importance of occupational health and safety.

Association Rule Mining To Enhance Sata Bottle Sales

Sales of sata bottles are growing and increasing, However, the results of these sales transactions have not been maximally utilized by shop owners. In fact, by using data mining techniques, the collection of data can generate new information. Association rule mining can find interaction patterns between one or more items in a very large data set. This algorithm is widely used in transaction data for purchasing product items at the same time by customers. research objectives to improve sales strategy, by collecting sales patterns that help related parties make sales strategy decisions, recommend products to customers, and maintain product availability. The research method using apriori algorithm data mining system that aims to determine consumer purchasing patterns. The association rule obtained results in 1 product that is often purchased simultaneously, namely Buy Rabbit Bottle, 420ml Clear Bottle, Buy Rabbit Bottle, Glass Straw, and Buy Rabbit Bottle, Nice Glass with a support value of 10% and a confidence of 80% in three frequent itemset and Rabbit Bottle, 420ml Clear Bottle, Rabbit Bottle, Glass Straw, and Nice Glass, 420ml Clear Bottle with a support value of 15% and a confidence of 83% in two frequent itemset.

Product inventory control at a local brand forum outlet using ABC analysis

A local brand forum outlet sells Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) products with inventory management still carried out manually based on employee experience. The research objectives are to analyze problems related to the inventory system and provide recommendations for planning and controlling inventory systems at a Local Brand Forum (FBL) outlet. Primary data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The method used is ABC analysis to obtain the product classification. The results showed that 16 items (19.05%) are included in class A, with a total sales value of 69.55% of the total value for money. Class B has 25 product items (29.76%) with a total sales value of 20.29% of the total value for money. Products in class C are 43 items (51.19%) with a total sales value of 10.16% of the total value for money. As much as 43.75% of products in class A are nine basic commodities which are the basic needs of the Indonesian people, so they have a high priority in inventory control. These results are expected to provide planning and inventory control systems using the ABC class of products to avoid shortages and overstock inventory.

The study of marketing opportunities for the use of the raw material of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) in the pharmacotherapy of musculoskeletal system diseases

Aim. To form a modern idea of the market structure and trends in the consumption of drugs for the pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis, to determine the possible potential for use of plant raw material of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium). Materials and methods. The study was conducted using the structural analysis, logical and graphical methods, and marketing analysis methods. Results. It was found that in the pre-war period the market for drugs affecting the musculoskeletal system developed quite vigorously – its growth rate in the period of 2020-2021 ranged from 16 to 29 % in natural units and from 20 to 30 % in monetary terms. According to the structure of producing countries, the market was significantly import-dependent. The market for synthetic drugs was quite saturated, represented by various dosage forms – tablets, powder for suspension, injection solutions (ampoules), granules, capsules, sachets, alcohol solutions, oil solutions, suppositories, oral suspensions, transdermal patches, gels, ointments. The research was conducted taking into account the study of marketing opportunities for the use of the raw material of Tanacetum parthenium in the pharmacotherapy of diseases of the musculoskeletal system since this raw material had certain advantages compared to synthetic analogs. It should be noted that the market of herbal medicines for the treatment of the musculoskeletal system diseases or the prevention of their manifestations is very limited and is represented by a minimum number of product items and one representative of the medicinal flora – Symphytum officinale. In addition, 90 % of the market for this group of drugs belongs to foreign manufacturers. Although research of the market for biological supplements indicates a certain demand for products based on the medicinal plant raw material. Conclusions. Based on the trends identified, we can state the positive development of the market for drugs that affect the musculoskeletal system, the prospects for the development of drugs based on the medicinal plant raw material, including Tanacetum parthenium.

Smart Trolley Using RFID & GSM

A supermarket or a hypermarket is a form where wide variety of product items is available. Food, drinks, or any kind of domestic item might be included in this product category. Supermarkets' primary goals are to save customers time and ensure that all products are readily available. However, occasionally, customers become impatient while standing in line at the billing counter, and occasionally they become perplexed when comparing the total cost of all the products to their pre-billed budget. We have used Arduino to develop a smart trolley to solve these issues. The smart trolley system exists in the market, while our system has GSM technology which directly sends the shopping bill to your registered mobile number. Customers no longer have to wait in line to have their product items scanned for invoicing purposes thanks to this technology. If not, it functions just like a standard trolley. This tactic is used by hypermarkets and supermarkets as a way to draw in more consumers. In this project we are using Arduino uno r3 Board, lcd display and rf-id module. When the person wants any item must and should show the item to reader. RFID reader will read that number and compares that number in to the internal database and display the amount on to the lcd display. We can continuously add the item in to the trolley. Otherwise, if we are not interested any item we can show the same item to the reader. RFID reader will detect card and erase the item. lcd display will show the amount and item in trolley. Keywords: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Arduino, RFID reader and Supermarkets.

Counterfeit Product Detection using Blockchain Technology

A fraudulent practice where products that are passed off as genuine, product counterfeiting represents consumer fraud, which translates to financial losses. Transparency in supply chain management also faces a big challenge in terms of service repetition and lack of coordination. Numerous remedies have been implemented to battle counterfeiting, among them Artificial Intelligence and RFID, among others, all of which have significant issues such as incivility. This project tackles the problem by applying blockchain technology to improve counterfeit determination and assure product items’ authenticity all over the source chain. The scheme is built on blockchain encryption techniques, which promote a decentralized service for genuine authentication and duplication identification. Through the usage of QR codes and barcodes found in wireless technologies, counterfeit items are eradicated . When scanning a product’s QR or barcode with a camera scanner, the product’s unique code is linked to the blockchain, and all its complete details are stored within it. The database consists of multiple blocks, each one representing a unique product. In case of scanning, if the entered code matches with the database, a popup notification will display on the customer’s device that this product is genuine. Contrary to it, if there is no match found, means it is a counterfeit product; then a popup displays on the customer’s mobile, computer screen about the fraud transaction of the manufacturer from which points this scam is originating if the customer allows doing this action using the application . This will enable users to authenticate products independently without relying on sellers.

The Use of Additive Manufacturing Techniques in the Development of Polymeric Molds: A Review.

The continuous growth of additive manufacturing in worldwide industrial and research fields is driven by its main feature which allows the customization of items according to the customers' requirements and limitations. There is an expanding competitiveness in the product development sector as well as applicative research that serves special-use domains. Besides the direct use of additive manufacturing in the production of final products, 3D printing is a viable solution that can help manufacturers and researchers produce their support tooling devices (such as molds and dies) more efficiently, in terms of design complexity and flexibility, timeframe, costs, and material consumption reduction as well as functionality and quality enhancements. The compatibility of the features of 3D printing of molds with the requirements of low-volume production and individual-use customized items development makes this class of techniques extremely attractive to a multitude of areas. This review paper presents a synthesis of the use of 3D-printed polymeric molds in the main applications where molds exhibit a major role, from industrially oriented ones (injection, casting, thermoforming, vacuum forming, composite fabrication) to research or single-use oriented ones (tissue engineering, biomedicine, soft lithography), with an emphasis on the benefits of using 3D-printed polymeric molds, compared to traditional tooling.

Effect of Phytases in Pig Diets on Production Performance: Meta-analysis

Feeding is one of the most critical items in pig production. Phosphorus, protein, and energy sources represent the most expensive ingredients in the feed. Phytases are enzymes used for many years to take advantage of plant phosphorus and reduce costs. Despite many studies with various methodologies and results, they have not been thoroughly systematized. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of phytases on performance in pigs. Effect size, heterogeneity, meta-regressions, and publication bias were determined. Phytase-supplemented pigs gained 25.17 g (p < 0.05) more daily weight than controls. Piglets can gain up to 39.89 g (p < 0.05). The pigs ingested a greater amount of feed, 23.44 and 28.61 g (p < 0.05), per day than the control in the general analysis and piglets, respectively. Crude protein, metabolizable energy, total calcium and phosphorus, duration, and level of phytases in the diet affected performance (p < 0.05). No publication bias was found. Including phytases favors weight gain and feed intake in general pigs and piglets but not in growing-finishing pigs. The effect of other nutrients and the duration and level (dose) of phytases must be considered at the time of formulation.

Development of a Web-Based Automated Production Inventory System

This research focuses on the design of an automatic counting system for production items using the ESP32 microcontroller and E18-D80NK sensor. The main objective of the study is to address inventory issues, particularly in the context of manual counting of production items, which is susceptible to shortages and inaccuracies. The proposed automatic counting device aims to provide a solution to enhance employee performance efficiency and reduce the risk of human errors. The integration of the ESP32 microcontroller as a data processor and the E18-D80NK sensor as an information capture device will allow easy access to calculation results through a website interface. The primary advantage of this system is its ability to prevent potential data forgery in production and provide more accurate calculation results. With data storage on a website platform, tracking production history becomes more effective, enabling in-depth analysis of overall production performance. This research proposes an integrated solution to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accuracy in the production counting process. With the implementation of this technology, it is expected that the automated production system can be a strategic step towards improving productivity and the reliability of production information.

Modeling of transportation and technological processes in automated systems

The purpose of the study is to create a problem-oriented model of transport and technological processes in automated systems. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop methodological aspects of creating an automated modeling system. The content of the basic principles of problem-oriented modeling in the study of an integrated automated system for managing stocks and transport and technological processes is revealed in the paper. At the same time, methodological aspects of creating automated modeling systems, namely, a conceptual mathematical model for the analysis and standardization of technical and economic indicators are considered. The functioning of logistics systems, namely, system modeling (supply — transport) is also considered. The problems of interaction and relationships, optimization of resource flows, and increasing the efficiency of management decisions making have been solved. It is shown that modeling resource flows involves adjustments through iterative redistribution of interregional and intraregional supplies among suppliers and consumers. Combining product items into one delivery leads to savings in stocks formation costs by reducing the number of orders. To create effective automated control systems, it is necessary to study in detail the primary object — the logistics and technical support system itself. The creation of applied mathematical and software is a promising direction for solving this problem and developing it as an automated modeling system. In this regard, when creating such automated control systems, it is most advisable to use a model-oriented approach, which is based on the principles of system analysis, standardization, classification and modularity. Thus, it is shown that the use of the problem-oriented approach to creating an automated modeling system makes it possible to reduce the labor intensity of its development and implementation, to provide the opportunity to unify algorithms for solving a problem, but also to apply standard methods for processing experimental results.

Multilateral indices in official price statistics and a new additive splicing method

A substitution of the traditional data sources allows National Statistical Institutes to collect large samples of product items with corresponding prices recorded over more frequent time periods. For some product categories, a frequent replacement of product items requires a dynamic approach to define a product sample that can be achieved by a monthly update of the sample. In a month-on-month comparison of price changes, bilateral indices must be chained that can lead to a chain drift bias. Multilateral methods are designed to reduce the chain drift, albeit not completely eliminate it. A disadvantage of multilateral methods is its ambiguous interpretability and a revision problem. The main objective of this paper is to show an implementation of multilateral methods for official price statistics in practice. The multilateral GEKS method is decomposed into elementary components that identifies the effect of successive price relatives used in its compilation. An importance of the decomposition is shown when interpreting the GEKS index in the context of official price statistics. We demonstrate that it can lead to an inaccurate public dissemination of the consumer price index. Moreover, we propose a new method for the splice extension that is required to avoid the revision of previously published indices. The method uses a Stein-type shrinkage estimator for the splice extension that is applied additively to the last published index. In the empirical study, we use web scraped data, which are obtained from the Slovak market, for comparison of bilateral and multilateral indices.

Storage Location Assignment for Improving Human–Robot Collaborative Order-Picking Efficiency in Robotic Mobile Fulfillment Systems

The robotic mobile fulfillment (RMF) system is a parts-to-picker warehousing system and a sustainable technology used in human–robot collaborative order picking. Storage location assignment (SLA) tactically benefits order-picking efficiency. Most studies focus on the retrieval efficiency of robots to solve SLA problems. To further consider the crucial role played by human pickers in RMF systems, especially in the context that the sustainable performance of human workers should be paid attention to in human–robot collaboration, we solve the SLA problem by aiming to improve human–robot collaborative order-picking efficiency. This study specifically makes decisions on assigning multiple items of various products to the slots of pods in the RMF system, in which human behavioral factors are taken into account. To obtain the solution in one mathematical model, we propose the heuristic algorithm under a two-stage optimization method. The results show that assigning correlated products to pods improves the retrieval efficiency of robots compared to class-based assignment. We also find that assigning items of each product to slots of pods, considering behavioral factors, benefits the operation efficiency of human pickers compared to random assignment. Improving human–robot collaborative order-picking efficiency and increasing the capacity usage of pods benefits sustainable warehousing management.

Research on the Sales Distribution Law of Vegetable Products Based on Linear Fitting

Firstly, the hourly sales volume changes of vegetable categories and individual products are analyzed from the time dimension, and frequency distribution histograms are used to describe the distribution patterns of vegetable categories and individual product sales volume. Then, Spearman correlation analysis is used to obtain the distribution patterns of individual product sales volume, and linear fitting is used to compare and analyze the continuous sales volume of the six major categories for three years using a bar chart, From the demand side perspective, there is often a certain correlation between the sales volume of vegetable products and time. This article analyzes the relationship between vegetable categories and individual product sales volume from the time dimension. At the same time, based on the distribution patterns of the six major categories, Spearman correlation analysis was used to obtain the distribution patterns of individual product sales volume. Linear fitting was performed, and the continuous sales volume of the six categories for three years was compared and analyzed using a bar chart to obtain the general monthly and seasonal patterns of vegetable sales. Then, descriptive statistical analysis is used to analyze the distribution patterns of vegetable categories and single item sales volume, and the correlation relationships between different categories or single items of vegetable products are obtained. Finally, a grey correlation analysis model is established to predict the distribution patterns and interrelationships of vegetable categories and single item sales volume based on this model.