Item Content Validity Index Research Articles

CONTENT VALIDITY OF AN INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS THE LOW CARBON APPROACH IN THE FRONT OFFICE DEPARTMENT OF TOURIST ACCOMODATION USING I-CVI AND MEAN ANALYSIS

The front office (FO) department manages reservation, registration, room and rate assignment, guest services, room status, concierge and bell service. The department services are crucial in developing a tourist accommodation into a low-carbon accommodation such as hotel, resort and others. The purpose of this study is to discuss the content validity of instruments for low-carbon tourist accommodation indicators in the FO department of hotels. Based on the theoretical framework, there are 53 indicators frequently used in constructing low-carbon FO instruments. The study employed the Item Content Validity Indexes (I-CVI) analysis method and mean analysis to assess content validity. The method comprised item clarity, language appropriateness, and score scale using a five-point Likert scale to analyze expert evaluations of items using a questionnaire form. The instrument was assessed by a panel of six professionals in tourism, hospitality, and industry involved in low-carbon research. An instrument is accepted and has a good level of content validity when it exceeds the take-off value of ≥ 0.80. One item was excluded from the instrument as it did not reach the take-off value. The average mean results of each expert review on the items ranged from 3.41 to 5.00, suggesting that no questions required repetition. Overall, 17 items were refined by fitting the items to the FO department work scope. The findings revealed that the instrument was acceptable and relevant. It provides an original and useful indicator to measure the low-carbon approach in the FO department of hotels as to achieve the agenda of low carbon tourism.

Content Validity of Assessment Instrument for High-Performance Work Systems in Health Care Industry.

Background and Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to content validate and evaluate a measuring instrument of high-performance work systems (HPWS) in healthcare organizations that capture the nurses' perception of HPWS present in their working organization. Methods: A panel of six experts participated to validate the HPWS instrument through their feedback. Later, coding and recoding of expert feedback were performed to calculate the item content validity index (I-CVI), scale content validity index (S-CVI), and Kappa statistic coefficient (K*) to rate its content validity. Results: For 50 out of 52 items of the measuring instrument, I-CVI is well above the recommended minimum acceptable value of .78. The S-CVI value is observed as .94, and the K* value is above .74 for 50 items. Conclusion: The results indicated excellent content validity for all the domains indicating evidence that the HPWS scale and the items on it are content valid and can be used for nursing research in the healthcare industry.

Return-to-work self-efficacy questionnaire: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation in China.

To develop a Chinese version of the return-to-work self-efficacy (RTW-SE-11) and verify its reliability and validity. A validation study. The RTW-SE-11 was translated into Chinese according to the Brislin's model, and then the semantic adjustment of questionnaire was carried out through multi-field expert evaluation and preliminary investigation. All 11 items of the original questionnaire were retained. Content validity index (CVI) of the Chinese version of RTW-SE-11 indicated good validity, with Inter-rater Agreement (IR) of 0.97, item CVI of 0.90-1.00 and questionnaire CVI of 0.91. Cronbach's α coefficient of RTW-SE-11 (Chinese version) was 0.923, suggesting high internal consistency, with test-retest reliability of 0.799 and half-fold reliability of 0.926. Patient or public contribution: The Chinese version of the RTW-SE-11 questionnaire confirmed good reliability and validity for the assessment of return to work self-efficacy in Chinese breast cancer patients.

The Development of a Video-based Nutrition Education Curriculum for Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy.

The treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy. The American Urological Association guidelines stress the optimization of patient performance status in the perioperative setting. Therefore, implementation of nutrition education is critical for the multi-disciplinary care of this vulnerable patient population and wide distribution of information is critical. The goal of our study was to create a nutrition-based video education series for patients undergoing chemotherapy and radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Scripts for the videos were developed through an iterative process by experts in nutrition, urology, and communication. Providers and patient advocates were recruited to perform semi-structured interviews and surveys for additional feedback. Performer facial emotion recognition (Noldus™) was used to assess displayed emotion by the presenters. Mangold VisionPlayer software was used for participant eye movement tracking of the video content. A knowledge survey was created, and Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was calculated with a nutrition expert advisory board. Participants were recruited for cognitive interviewing to understand the mental processes and interpretations while answering questions. The video series is available to the public on the Bladder Cancer Advocate Network (BCAN) website at the following URL: https://bcan.org/facing-bladder-cancer/nutrition-bladder-cancer/eating-healthy-bladder-cancer/. Cinematic filming methods, (smaller depth of field, lighting, and camera movement) enhanced message delivery along with music and text on screen to anchor important concepts. This study can be a framework for the development of a patient education video library accessible through electronic medical records, health care applications, and patient advocacy websites.

Development and validation of the health literacy environment scale for Chinese hospitals from patients' perspective.

While the research on improving individual health literacy by promoting individual skills and abilities is increasing, less attention has been paid to the complexities of the healthcare environment that may influence patients' ability to access, understand, and apply health information and health services to make health decisions. This study aimed to develop and validate a Health Literacy Environment Scale (HLES) that is suitable for Chinese culture. This study was conducted in two phases. First, using the Person-Centered Care (PCC) framework as a theoretical framework, initial items were developed by using the existing health literacy environment (HLE) related measurement tools, literature review, qualitative interviews, and the researcher's clinical experience. Second, scale development was based on two rounds of Delphi expert consultation and a pre-test conducted with 20 hospitalized patients. Using 697 hospitalized patients from three sample hospitals, the initial scale was developed after item screening and its reliability and validity were evaluated. The HLES comprised 30 items classified into three dimensions as follows: interpersonal (11 items), clinical (9 items), and structural (10 items) dimensions. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the HLES was 0.960 and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.844. The confirmatory factor analysis verified the three-factor model after allowing for the correlation of five pairs of error terms. The goodness-of-fit indices signified a good fit for the model (χ2/df = 2.766, RMSEA = 0.069, RMR = 0.053, CFI = 0.902, IFI = 0.903, TLI = 0.893, GFI = 0.826, PNFI = 0.781, PCFI = 0.823, PGFI = 0.705). The item-content validity index ranged from 0.91 to 1.00, and the scale-content validity index was 0.90. The HLES had good reliability and validity and provides a patient perspective tool for evaluating HLE and a new perspective for improving health literacy in China. That is, healthcare organizations make it easier for patients to access, understand, and use health information and service. Further studies about the validity and reliability of HLE should include other districts and different tiers or types of healthcare organizations.

Translation and validation of the Vietnamese version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in patients with cancer

Background: The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) measures self-efficacy for pain management in patients with chronic pain, including cancer pain. Although the questionnaire has been translated into many other languages, it has not yet been translated and tested in Vietnam. Objective: This study aimed to translate and validate the PSEQ into Vietnamese. Methods: The PSEQ was translated into Vietnamese using Brislin’s model. Next, the Vietnamese version of the questionnaire (Viet-PSEQ) was evaluated for content validity by six experts using the Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and the Scale-Content Validity Index (S-CVI). The reliability of the questionnaire was examined with 30 patients with cancer, using test-retest reliability (Intra-Class Correlation - ICC) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α). Results: The I-CVI values ranged from 0.5 to 0.88, and the S-CVI value was 0.93. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.91, and the ICC was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.949 – 0.997, p <0.001). Conclusion: The Viet-PSEQ was found to be valid and reliable. Healthcare professionals can use this instrument to measure self-efficacy for pain management in patients with cancer in Vietnam.

Development and Validation of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Community Pharmacy Personnel in Tuberculosis Case Detection, Drug Monitoring, and Education: A Study from Indonesia.

Validated and standardized structured questionnaires based on psychometric analysis are extremely limited, particularly for assessing community pharmacy personnel's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in tuberculosis (TB) case detection, drug monitoring, and education. We, therefore, developed and validated a questionnaire to assess the KAP of community pharmacy personnel in TB case detection, drug monitoring, and community education. This study was conducted in two phases. First, we developed the questionnaire, which included framework development, item generation, individual item content validity index (I-CVI), item screening, and pre-testing. Second, we validated the questionnaire with 400 participants using various analyses, including participant analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI), non-normed fit index (NNFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). We determined the reliability test using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability using Pearson's correlation. In the development phase, we defined 63 items that comprised 18 sociodemographic, 18 knowledge, 18 attitude, and 9 practice items. Across the 63 items, the I-CVI scores of sociodemographic and KAP items were one each. The CFA model parameter values were X2/df= 2.28; AGFI = 0.95; CFI = 0.99; NNFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.06; and SRMR = 0.03 (p < 0.05 for all). Cronbach's alpha coefficients of KAP items were 0.75, 0.91, and 0.95, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients of KAP were 0.84, 0.55, and 0.91, respectively (p < 0.01). This study indicates that the developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the KAP of community pharmacy personnel for TB case detection, drug monitoring, and community education in Indonesia. Community pharmacy personnel can support TB notification and treatment by assessing their prospective roles in surveys using this questionnaire, enabling TB eradication in 2030.

The standardised Malay version of purdue pegboard test: Content validity and test-retest reliability testing.

Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring hand dexterity among individuals with or without medical conditions. In the Southeast Asia region where Malay is widely spoken, there is a need to have a Malay translation of Purdue Pegboard Test. This study aimed to translate the PPT into the Malay version (PPT-M) and to determine the content validity and test-retest reliability of this translated version. This study involved: (1) four English teachers (translators) for forward and backward translation procedures; (2) 10 experts in the field of occupational therapy (expert reviewers) for content validity testing; and (3) 60 undergraduate students (participants) for test-retest reliability testing. PPT-M had excellent content validity with Item-Content Validity Index = 0.9-1.0, Scale-Content Validity Index/Average = 0.93-0.95, and a slightly lower Scale-Content Validity Index/Universal Agreement = 0.25-0.75. Test-retest reliability for 3-trial administration (n = 30; Intraclass Correlation Coefficients, ICCs = 0.76-0.85; good) was higher compared to 1-trial administration (n = 30; ICCs = 0.34-0.46; poor) for all subtests. Both trial administrations were mostly affected by systematic errors, especially practice effect as the retests gave higher scores. Random errors mostly affected Subtest 3 of 1-trial administration, evident by its Minimal Detectable Change Percent values = 30.84% that fell beyond the acceptable range. PPT-M has the potential to be a valuable instrument for measuring hand dexterity among Malay speaking individuals especially when the 3-trial administration is used.

Validation of Questionnaire on Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices of Cooperative Group Work Assessment

This paper aimed to validate a questionnaire intended to measure secondary school teachers’ beliefs and practices of cooperative group work assessment in selected secondary schools in SNNPRS, Ethiopia. To this effect, five experts were selected to rate the content and face validity of the tool. To rate the questionnaire for construct validity, 213 randomly selected secondary school teachers were involved. The validation procedures made use of face validity index, Item Content Validity Index (I-CVIs) and Content Validity Index for scale (S-CVI/Ave), principal component analysis (PCA), and Cronbach alpha. The final questionnaire, which consisted of 31 items, has been found psychometrically valid and reliable to measure teachers’ beliefs and practices of cooperative group work assessment.

Development and validation of a risk assessment scale for pathological scarring.

To develop a risk assessment scale for pathological scarring and validate its psychometric properties. This was a methodological study. Researchers developed the scale based on a literature review, qualitative study and Delphi expert consultation. Subsequently, 409 patients participated in the study to test the psychometric properties of the scale. We evaluated construct validity, content validity, internal consistency reliability, and interrater reliability. The researchers developed a scale consisting of three dimensions and 12 items. Factor analysis extracted a total of four common factors that accounted for 62.22% of the total variance. The results revealed that the item-content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.67 to 1, while the scale-content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.82. Internal consistency reliability: Cronbach's α of the items ranged from 0.67 to 0.76, while Cronbach's α of the whole scale was 0.74. Interrater reliability: the Kappa number was 0.73. The final scale showed adequate construct validity, content validity, and reliability. It is appropriate for use in research and clinical practice settings to identify patients with a risk of pathological scarring. Further study is needed to confirm the scale's validity and reliability in other settings and populations.

Adaptation and psychometric testing of the end-of-life professional caregiver survey in Jamaica

BackgroundUsing a validated instrument to measure palliative care (PC) educational needs of health professionals is an important step in understanding how best to educate a well-versed PC workforce within a national health system. The End-of-life Professional Caregiver Survey (EPCS) was developed to measure U.S. interprofessional PC educational needs and has been validated for use in Brazil and China. As part of a larger research project, this study aimed to culturally adapt and psychometrically test the EPCS among physicians, nurses, and social workers practicing in Jamaica.MethodsFace validation involved expert review of the EPCS with recommendations for linguistic item modifications. Content validation was carried out by six Jamaica-based experts who completed a formal content validity index (CVI) for each EPCS item to ascertain relevancy. Health professionals practicing in Jamaica (n = 180) were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling to complete the updated 25-item EPCS (EPCS-J). Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonald’s phi. Construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).ResultsContent validation led to elimination of three EPCS items based on a CVI < 0.78. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.83 to 0.91 and McDonald’s phi ranged from 0.73 to 0.85 across EPCS-J subscales indicating good internal consistency reliability. The corrected item-total correlation for each EPCS-J item was > 0.30 suggesting good reliability. The CFA demonstrated a three-factor model with acceptable fit indices (RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.88, SRMR = 0.06). The EFA determined a three-factor model had the best model fit, with four items moved into the effective patient care subscale from the other two EPCS-J subscales based on factor loading.ConclusionsThe psychometric properties of the EPCS-J resulted in acceptable levels of reliability and validity indicating that this instrument is suitable for use in measuring interprofessional PC educational needs in Jamaica.

Perceptions of being a registered nurse (PRN): development and validation of a survey tool

BackgroundNursing students enter nursing programs with idealistic perceptions of what it is to be a nurse. Upon graduation, many find these perceptions mismatched with the actual nurse’s role. This can lead to discontentment in their chosen career. These issues highlight the importance of nursing students developing an understanding of the nurse’s role during their undergraduate nursing education. One way to accomplish this is to assess perceptions and address them accordingly during the nursing program. Survey tools assessing perceptions of nursing exist but lack contemporary and multicultural foci.AimTo develop a feasible, valid, and reliable survey tool to identify nursing students’ perceptions of being a nurse.Design/MethodsIn Phase 1, a literature review and Nominal Group Technique meetings were used to generate primary survey items. Phase 2 included a pre-pilot and online pilot testing of the Perceptions of being a Registered Nurse (PRN) survey tool with 797 nursing students across all year levels at three Australian Universities.ResultsThe 34-item PRN survey tool uses a five-point Likert scale to measure nursing students’ perceptions of nursing, including factors influencing a nurse’s well-being, attributes and qualities of nurses, the role of the nurse, and nursing professionalism. The Item-Content validity index was high (> 0.78), and the inter-item correlation validity was identified by Pearson’s product-moment coefficient of r = .712. Internal reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83. Based upon the participation completion rate, the survey tool was deemed applicable and feasible. The majority of respondents believed that nurses have altruistic attributes; however, perceptions of nursing varied significantly when rating factors influencing the physical, emotional, and social well-being of a nurse. In later stages of training, respondents were more likely to agree that nursing is physically and emotionally demanding and that nurses experience social isolation due to shift work, finding it difficult to achieve a work-life balance.ConclusionsThe PRN survey tool was found to be valid, reliable, and feasible. Future use and outcomes from PRN assessments may lead to changes to nursing curricula that enhance nursing students’ perceptions of nursing.

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI) in Chinese children with cancer

Hope plays an extremely important role in protecting childhood cancer patients from psychological distress caused by cancer. The availability of a valid and reliable instrument that can accurately assess hope is crucial for the development of interventions to enhance hope among childhood cancer patients. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI). Chinese childhood cancer patients aged 8–17 years (n = 412) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Chinese translated version of the HHI, the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale for Children and the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Cancer Module. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to assess the structural validity of the HHI. Content validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability at 2 weeks were also examined. The content validity index for items ranged from 0.8 to 1.0, and that for the scale was 0.9, demonstrating appropriate content validity. There was a positive correlation between HHI and Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale for Children scores and a negative correlation between HHI and Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Cancer Module scores. The results indicated that the Chinese version of the HHI showed reasonable convergent validity and discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor model, which could explain 82.74% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that χ2/df was 2.20, comparative fit index was 0.98, goodness of fit index was 0.94, and root-mean-square error of approximation was 0.07. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78, indicating good internal consistency. The findings of the study showed that the Chinese version of the HHI (11-item) is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing hope among Chinese childhood cancer patients. Evidence-based interventions can be provided to enhance hope in this population.

Development of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire for age-related macular degeneration patients.

To develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who have undergone intravitreal injection treatment. This study was conducted among patients diagnosed with AMD in Kuala Lumpur. The generation of the instrument included four phases which included item and domains development, content, face validity and exploratory factor analysis. Content validity and modified Kappa was used for validation of knowledge domain. Exploratory factor analysis was used for validation of both attitude and practice domains. Face validity was conducted in 12 patients, content validity was ascertained in 120 patients and test-retest reliability was determined in 39 patients with AMD. Content validity index (CVI) and modified kappa showed excellent values for most items in the knowledge domain with CVI for item (I-CVI) values between 0.78-1.0 and Kappa values of >0.74. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sampling adequacy showed acceptable scores of 0.70 and 0.75 for both attitude and practice domains respectively and Bartlett's Test of sphericity were significant (χ2 =0.00, P<0.001). Factor analysis resulted in five factors with thirty items for attitude domain and four factors with twenty items for practice domain. The Cronbach's alpha showed acceptable values for all items in knowledge, attitude and practice domain with values >0.70 and good test-retest reliability. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 93 items from four sections consisting of demographic details, knowledge, attitude and practice. The findings of this validation and reliability study show that the developed questionnaire has a satisfactory psychometric property for measuring KAP of patients diagnosed with AMD undergoing intravitreal injection treatment.

Development and Validation of the Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Competency Assessment Tool (ASRH-CAT) for Healthcare Providers.

This study aimed to validate a competency assessment tool for adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) services for healthcare providers (HCP) at primary healthcare (PHC) facilities that require a specific set of competency skills to address ASRH problems. The tool development process used the nine steps of scale development and validation. Fifty-four items were yielded through the expert panel discussion. Two hundred and forty respondents were recruited for an online questionnaire using non-probability sampling. The item content validity index (I-CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used for construct validity. Fourteen items were removed based on the I-CVI (scores < 0.8) and two items were removed in the EFA (factor loadings < 0.4). The reliability analysis, according to the latent factor, yielded a good item-total correlation (ITC) and a good internal consistency value, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.905-0.949. The final ASRH competency assessment tool (ASRH_CAT) contains 40 items and is reliable and suitable for use in studies related to the ASRH competency assessment of HCPs at the PHC level.

Psychometric properties of a clinical assessment tool in the postgraduate midwifery programme, Botswana

The psychometric properties of a clinical assessment tool used in the postgraduate midwifery programme in Botswana have not been evaluated. A lack of reliable and valid clinical assessment tools contributes to inconsistencies in clinical assessment in midwifery programmes. This study aimed to evaluate the internal consistency and content validity of a clinical assessment tool used in the postgraduate midwifery programme in Botswana. For internal consistency, we calculated the total-item correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For content validity, subject matter experts completed a checklist to evaluate the relevance and clarity of each competency in the clinical assessment tool. The checklist included questions with Likert-scale responses, indicating the level of agreement. The clinical assessment tool had a good reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.837. The corrected item total correlation values ranged from -0.043 to 0.880 and the Cronbach's alpha (if item deleted) ranged from 0.079 to 0.865. Overall content validity ratio was 0.95, and content validity index was 0.97. Item content validity indices ranged from 0.8 to 1.0. The overall scale content validity index was 0.97 and the scale content validity index using universal agreement was 0.75. The clinical assessment tool used in the postgraduate midwifery programme in Botswana has acceptable reliability. Most of the competencies included in the clinical assessment tool were relevant and clear. Certain competencies need to be reviewed to improve the reliability and validity of the clinical assessment tool.Contribution:The clinical assessment tool currently used in the postgraduate midwifery programme in Botswana had acceptable internal consistency reliability and validity.

Cross-cultural adaptation and content validation of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale for Thai pregnant women.

This study aimed to validate a translated and culturally adapted version of the Infant Feeding Intentions (IFI) Scale for use in Thailand. Prenatal breastfeeding intention is a strong indicator of breastfeeding initiation. The stronger the intention to breastfeed among pregnant women, the more likely breastfeeding will be initiated after childbirth and continue for an extended period. There are currently no IFI scales that have been validated for use in Thailand. The translation of the IFI scale from English to Thai was conducted through a six-stage approach that included initial translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, expert committee review for content validity, reliability testing, and submission of the translated IFI to notify the scale developers. Both Item and Scale Content Validity Indices equaled 1, scored by five experts, who also validated the content for cross-cultural adaptation. The final Thai IFI (T-IFI) scale demonstrated high content validity. A total of 30 Thai pregnant women participated in the reliability testing. The Cronbach's alpha of the 5-item T-IFI scale was 0.857, which indicated satisfactory internal consistency. The T-IFI scale demonstrated high content validity and was culturally appropriate for use in a Thai-speaking population. It has potential to strengthen assessments of prenatal infant feeding intention among pregnant women in Thailand.

Validity and reliability test for problem areas in Diabetes-Five item short form (PAID-5) Indonesia version.

Emotional distress experienced by patients with diabetes (PWD) can affect glycemic control and quality of life. However, limited tools are available in Indonesia to detect emotional distress in PWD in clinical setting or research. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesia version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-5) scale. After the cross-cultural adaptation method was conducted, psychometric tests were done from August to November 2019 at affiliated hospitals in Yogyakarta by involving 100 adult PWD. All PWD with no medical records of mental health problems or cognitive disorders were voluntarily included. Content and construct validity and internal consistency measurements were used to evaluate the psychometric properties. The mean age was 61.2 years of the men and women who equally participated in the study and mostly were non-working patients. The PAID-5 resulted in five question items to identify the emotional distress of PWD in the Indonesian language. Some minor modifications were done in items four and five after discussing them with the original authors and experts in Indonesia. The results showed item content validity index for item and scale were 0.6-0.8 and 0.72, respectively. The calculated r-values ranged from 0.751 to 0.888, which were higher than the r table (0.197). The Cronbach alpha of the Indonesia version of PAID-5 was 0.87 with inter-item and item-total correlations of 0.43-0.71 and 0.61-0.79, respectively. The results of the study indicate that PAID-5 is considered valid and reliable to assess emotional distress among PWD and can be useful in clinical setting or for research purposes. Continued assessment of emotional distress is applicable and helps patients to better deal with their emotional distress.

Utility of Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire for Assessing the Acute Impact of COVID-19 Infection: A Psychometric Study

Background: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has created mental health repercussions in the lives of many individuals. It is important to understand emergent perceptions of this illness among patients with a recent diagnosis of COVID-19. Due to its good psychometric properties, the brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ) has been widely used for various illnesses and in different languages. Its application in recently diagnosed COVID-19 patients is an area worth exploring in an Indian setting. Aim We aim to understand the patient’s perception of COVID-19 illness using the hindi adaptation of BIPQ and validate for its further use in a similar type of acute setting.Method This tool was customized by three subject experts for its application in recently diagnosed COVID-19 patients. A customized tool was circulated to nine subject matter specialists for the computation of the content validity index. The tool link was shared with patients. A total of 112 patients responded. Factor analysis and reliability analysis were also conducted.Result Item content validity index for all items in the BIPQ scale was in the acceptable range (value above 70%). Scale-content validity index/universal agreement was 88.8%. Bartlett’s test was significant (p &lt; 0.001) and the Kaiser-Meier-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.777. The factor loading threshold was fixed at a value above 0.40. Eight Likert scale items of BIPQ based on factor analysis were regrouped in two. Items one, two, four, five, and eight were in group one, which depicted “concrete perception,” and items three, six, and seven were in group two which depicted “gestalt perception” of recently diagnosed COVID-19 patients. Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was found to be high at 0.808.Conclusion Results depicted a two-factor structure of BIPQ with satisfactory validity and reliability. We suggest regrouping of existing items of BIPQ into two domains, namely “concrete perception” and “gestalt perception” for recently diagnosed patients with COVID-19.

Development and Content Validity of the Self-Care of Oral Anticancer Agents Index (SCOAAI)

ObjectiveTo develop and test the content validity of the Self-Care of Oral Anticancer Agents Index (SCOAAI). Data SourcesSCOAAI items were developed according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria. The Middle Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illnesses informed item generation. A four-phase procedure was followed; Phase 1: items were created based on a previous systematic review and a qualitative study; Phase 2: the SCOAAI comprehensibility and comprehensiveness were established through qualitative interviews with clinical experts and with patients (Phase 3); and Phase 4: the SCOAAI was then administered through an online survey to a group of clinical experts for the Content Validity Index (CVI) calculation. ConclusionThe first version of the SCOAAI included 27 items. Five clinical experts and 10 patients tested the comprehensiveness and comprehensibility of instructions, items, and response options. Fifty-three experts (71.7% female, mean experience with patients on oral anticancer agents 5.8 years [standard deviation ± .2]; 66% nurses) participated in the online survey for content validity testing. The final version of the SCOAAI includes 32 items. Item CVI ranges between 0.79 and 1; the average Scale CVI is 0.95. Future studies will test the psychometric properties of the tool. Implications for Nursing PracticeThe SCOAAI showed excellent content validity, confirming its usefulness for assessing self-care behaviors for patients on oral anticancer agents. By implementing this instrument, nurses could define and implement targeted interventions for improving self-care and obtaining more positive outcomes (eg, better quality of life, reduced hospitalizations and emergency department visits).