Item-test Correlation Research Articles

Development and a validation study of comprehensive prescription writing rubrics for medical students

Background: Prescribing is a complex task for physicians, with many global reports of errors. This study evaluates a comprehensive rubric for medical student prescribing skills regarding validity and reliability. Methods: Twenty-one third-year medical students participated in three separate prescribing exams. Two pharmacology professors rated the students' prescriptions using a rubric covering ten criteria. Messick validity framework was utilised to enhance the study’s validity. Generalisability theory (G-theory) helped determine the source of variance and the optimal number of raters and test occasions. Results: Content validity was ensured by three experts and alignment with the Thai Medical Council criterion. The Inter-rater and test-retest reliability were acceptable. The rubric had a Cronbach's alpha 0.70 with item-test correlation, all above 0.40. G-theory indicated that 54.93% of the total variance was due to performance and 27.57% to the interaction between performance and occasions, with a minimal residual variance of 4.28%. To reach an acceptable Phi-coefficient (≥0.70), three occasions with one rater (Phi-coefficient=0.76) or two occasions with two raters (Phi-coefficient=0.72) are needed. Conversely, the Phi-coefficient was low on a single occasion. Conclusion: The study introduces a comprehensive rubric and description of a prescription writing programme to minimise potential prescribing errors in pre-clinical years. Furthermore, more assessment opportunities enhance knowledge retention and assessment reliability.

Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of Social Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale-Teacher Form (SEARS-T)

This paper aims to adapt the Social Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale-Teacher Form (SEARS-T) into Turkish and to determine its validity and reliability. The sample of the study consisted of 430 students attending kindergarten and primary school grades 1-4. The standardized values, obtained as a result of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis (Χ²= 3.860.88 sd=773; RMSEA=.10; SRMR=.063; CFI=.98; NNFI=.97) and obtained as a result of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis (Χ²=3.895.94 sd=775; RMSEA=.10; SRMR=.063; CFI=.98; NNFI=.97), confirmed that the scale showed a four-factor structure in Turkish culture similar to its original structure. In order to provide evidence for the reliability of the scale, both Cronbach alpha values and item-test correlations were examined for the sub-dimensions and the total of the scale. According to the item test correlation, it was determined that the scale items served the purpose of measuring the feature to be measured. While Cronbach's alpha value was obtained as .982 for the whole scale, it was obtained as .950 for the responsibility sub-dimension, .953 for the social competence sub-dimension, .957 for the self-regulation sub-dimension, and .921 for the empathy sub-dimension. According to the Pearson Product Moments Correlation coefficient, the correlation coefficients between the sub-dimensions of the scale ranged from .70 to .85, and the sub-dimensions of the scale were found to have high and significant relationships with each other. In light of these findings, it has been revealed that SEARS-T-Turkish is a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring the social and emotional skills of kindergarten and primary school children.

Validation of a short version of the high-fidelity simulation satisfaction scale in nursing students

BackgroundClinical simulation provides a practical and effective learning method during the undergraduate education of health professions. Currently there is only one validated scale in Spanish to assess nursing students’ satisfaction with the use of high-fidelity simulation, therefore, our objective is to validate a brief version of this scale in undergraduate nursing students with or without clinical experience.MethodA cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. Between 2018 and 2020, the students from all academic courses of the Fundación Jiménez Díaz nursing school completed the satisfaction scale at the end of their simulation experiences. To validate this scale, composed of 33 items and eight dimensions, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the principal components was performed, the internal consistency was studied using Cronbach’s alpha, and the corrected item-test correlation of each of the items of the total scale was reviewed.Results425 students completed the scale, after the exploratory factor analysis, a scale consisting of 25 items distributed into six subscales, each containing between two and six items, explained a variance of 66.5%. The KMO test (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) obtained a value of 0.938, Bartlett’s sphericity test was < 0.01 and Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) was 0.991.ConclusionThe modified ESSAF scale, reduced from 33 to 25 items and divided into six subscales, is as valid and reliable as the original scale for use in nursing students of different levels, with, or without clinical experience.

Work Engagement Scale: Construct Validity and Reliability in the Colombian Organizational Context.

This manuscript shows the results of the evidence of content and internal structure obtained from an instrument to measure work engagement. This instrument is aimed at workers of Colombian labor organizations that belong to different economic sectors (commerce, services, education, and health). The instrument was designed based on the postulates of cognitive theory and is structured into three factors that operationalize the construct: (a) behavioral dimension (15 items), (b) affective dimension (16 items), and (c) cognitive dimension (14 items), for a total of 45 items. The results of the content evidence through expert judgment suggested the elimination of three items, due to ambiguity and lack of clarity, leaving the 42item test. After this evidence, the instrument was piloted in a sample of 460 participants. The item-test correlation analysis recommended the elimination of one item due to its low correlation with the factor. The evidence of internal structure through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) proposed a three-factor structure, with an explained variance of 63%; 9 items were eliminated due to high residual. The fit indicators showed a GFI = .99; and those of residual showed a RMSR =.03 and Kelley = .04; each factor obtained an ordinal Cronbach's Alpha of .95 (behavioral), .97 (affective), and .87 (cognitive). These results indicate precision in the measurement and consistency of the items to measure each of the factors.

SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY: STUDENTS' SCHOOL SATISFACTION SCALE

The aim of this study is to develop a scale to determine the satisfaction levels of high school students towards school. The draft scale was piloted to 650 high school students studying in five central districts of Antalya in the 2020-2021 academic year. Afterwards, real application was made to 614 students. Rotated principal component analysis was used to obtain information about the validity of the scale over the obtained data. In order to determine the construct validity of the scale, principal component analysis and factor analyzes were performed and Promax oblique rotation was performed. In addition, Cronbach's α reliability was calculated to provide evidence for the reliability of the scale and was found to be .94. As a result of these analyzes, the Students' School Satisfaction Scale (SSSS) consisting of 6 factors and 43 items explaining 60% of the total variance was obtained. Item test correlations were calculated as evidence of item validity. Item test correlations were found to vary between .446 and .743. The results obtained prove that the scale is valid and reliable.

Psychometric properties of the multidimensional inventory of infidelity in Jordanian society

The concept of infidelity is one of the basics of marital life, and on it depends the satisfaction, compatibility and happiness of the spouses. Therefore, there is an urgent need in Arab countries to develop tools that contribute to dealing with this problem and its painful consequences. Infidelity is a problem that affects a person psychologically and physically, and it is important to develop a measure to identify this problem. This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Multidimensional Infidelity Inventory (IMIN) on a Jordanian sample. For this purpose, the Spanish version of the questionnaire was translated and applied to a Jordanian sample of 732 persons (291 men, 441 women). The results showed that three factors explained 70.28% of the total variance of the infidelity trend subscale, and seven factors explained 68.43% of the total variance of the reasons for infidelity subscale. Five factors explained 61.21% of the total variance of the infidelity beliefs subscale, and two factors explained 57.45% of the total variance for the infidelity consequences subscale. All of them had confirmatory models with adequate levels of goodness of fit, adequate Cronbach alpha indicators, item-item and item-test correlations, in addition to concordance with the original proposal of the instrument. This instrument can assess, diagnose, and overcome infidelity.

Measuring family functioning: validation and adaptation of the family APGAR into Indonesian

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Background&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;: Family function is an important part of family caring particularly for those with aged people in the household. Understanding family functioning is imperative. A valid and reliable tool for measuring the family functioning of Indonesian family caregivers is limited. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Objectives:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; This study aimed to examine cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Indonesian version of the family APGAR. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Methods:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; A cross-sectional design was performed as a part of a study measuring subjective family readiness for long-term care at home. A total of 125 family caregivers who were caring for older family members completed face-to-face interviews. A five-items of the family APGAR were translated, validated, and tested its reliability using standardized methods. The correlation matrix was performed to identify item correlations prior to the validation process. Hypothesis testing used a significance value of P = &amp;lt; 0.05 with a confidence interval (CI = 95%). The statistical test was performed using STATA14 statistical software.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Results:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; In 125 respondents with a mean age of 52.60 years (CI = 12. 29) were interviewed. The respondents were mostly female 84 (62.20%), employed (85/68.00%). Item test correlation was ranging from 0.77 to 0.90 and the average item correlation was 0.61. Pearson coefficients were presented. The coefficient of scale reliability was Cronbach alpha 0.89.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; The Indonesian version of the family APGAR was a valid and reliable tool used for measuring family functioning among Indonesian. Further study on the use of the instrument in different settings and community characteristics was suggested using categorical level from previously measured. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Development Of Teachers' Perception Scale Regarding of Visual Arts with NFT: Validity – Reliability Study

NFT technology such as the Metaverse, Virtual Reality and Extended Reality will change how educators teach and how students learn. NFT technology will also affect Lifelong Education. The study aimed to develop a scale of 25 items to measure how NFTs create a perception among teachers, providing a new understanding of art. For this purpose of the study, data were collected from 310 teachers (135 teacher samples for exploration and 175 teacher samples for confirmatory factor analysis) teaching in various cities of Turkey. The principal component analysis of the varimax rotation was used to obtain evidence for the scale’s validity. As a result of exploratory factor analyzes, three items were excluded from the survey because their item loads were coincident, and as a result, the scale was reduced to 22 items, and three sub-dimensions emerged. It has been determined that the scale has a structure composed of three factors: “NFT’s contribution to art and artists,” “NFT’s positive contribution to art,” and “NFT’s negative contribution to art.” It was observed that the item test correlation of the scale changed between 0.44-0.88. At the same time, cross-validation analysis was performed to determine whether the scale would produce the same results. When it was applied to similar groups as a result of cross-validation, it was observed that the same result could be obtained when the scale was applied to the same group. Apart from this, to give evidence in terms of the scale’s validity, the re-test and Crα reliabilities were calculated, and it was found to be 0.947.

A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE CREATIVITY SUPPORTING HOME ENVIRONMENT SCALE

In this study, it is aimed to improve the “Creativity-Supporting Home Environment Scale” for the purpose of determining the level of creativity in the home environment of parents with children aged 3-6 years old. Research study groups were composed of 500 parents across various provinces of Turkey. The scale items written in the context of the literature were presented to field experts for their opinion in accordance with the scale’s purpose, and the content validity index was calculated as proof of the scale’s content validity (.89). A pretest application of the scale was conducted in accordance with the expert opinion, and the items were examined for their distinctiveness. A test application was conducted for the purpose of demonstrating the factor structure of the scale, and whether or not the data was appropriate for factor analysis by using KMO and Bartlett statistics. Factor analysis based upon principal component analysis was performed with the optimum application of parallel analysis, and according to both parallel analysis and scree plot, it was decided that the structure was four-dimensional. The percentage of the factors explaining the total variance was established as 49.9%. The item test correlation values of the items in each factor were found to be above .30 in accordance with the item analysis results. Two items that did not fulfill the criteria were removed from the scale by performing a confirmatory factor analysis to verify the structure. Factor loadings for 28 items in the scale were found to be higher than .30 and with error variances below .90. It was found that the McDonald’s omega coefficients were between .71 and .88, and the Composite reliability coefficients were between .70 and .84 in the calculation of the reliability of the scale scores for each of the scale’s four dimensions. For the whole scale, the stratified alpha reliability coefficient was calculated as .87. The obtained findings demonstrate that the “Creativity-Supporting Home Environment Scale” is a valid and reliable scale.

ADAPTING THE OLDENBURG BURNOUT INVENTORY INTO BAHASA INDONESIA FOR MEASURING BURNOUT IN MEDICAL RESIDENTS

Background: Burnout is common among medical residents, and a non-commercial tool for assessing burnout for medical residents is needed. This study aimed to adapt the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) in Bahasa Indonesia for medical residents and to analyze its validity and reliability.Case Discussion: The English version of OLBI was forward and backward translated to and from Bahasa Indonesia by English-language translation experts, and was appropriately modified by the authors. The respondents of the questionnaire were taken from pediatric residents in the first trial (48 subjects), and from internal medicine, pediatric, dermatology, surgery, and neurology residents in the second trial (109 subjects). The item-test correlation to measured construct validity was good for both trials. A confirmatory factor analysis was then undertaken to evaluate the goodness of fit (GOF), the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR), and coefficient of determination (CD) in the second trial. The results of the one-factor model and multidimensional GOF of the 16 items were unsatisfactory (χ2&lt;0.05 and RMSEA&gt;0.08). The GOF of the two-factor analysis of burnout with 8 items (3 exhaustion items and 5 disengagement items) created the following results: χ2=0.378; RMSEA=0.025; CFI=0.995; TLI=0.993; SRMR=0.036; and CD=0.898. The Cronbach’s alphas, for internal consistency reliability, in the first trial, second trial, and final model were 0.73, 0.87, 0.83, and 0.79, respectively.Conclusion: An 8-items modified Bahasa Indonesia translation of the OLBI for medical residents to measure burnout has good reliability and validity.

Attitude towards the Promotion of Healthy Eating among Secondary School Teachers-Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire.

Health promotion activities in secondary schools are scarce and have little involvement of the teaching staff. Most often, activities are developed from the curriculum that appears in school materials, with little capacity for adaptation and innovation. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a tool to find out teachers’ attitudes towards activities to promote healthy eating in secondary schools. For this purpose, a descriptive study was conducted. The total sample of the study consisted of 200 teachers from secondary schools. Internal consistency was determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient globally and by dimension, and with the corrected item–test correlation. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed by means of an exploratory factor analysis, for which the principal components method with Varimax rotation was used. A Likert-type scale with nine items and four response options about attitude was designed. The exploratory factor analysis showed a nine-factor solution, of which two had eigenvalues greater than 1. These two factors explained 63.4% of the variance. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency index obtained for the global scale was 0.81, and 0.75 and 0.85 for each component. The results obtained with this structure confirmed an adequate reliability and validity of the questionnaire.

Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form Among Women in the United Arab Emirates.

Breastfeeding self-efficacy as a construct has been theoretically and empirically linked to exclusive breastfeeding in studies globally using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). However, its application in the Middle East and North Africa region is limited, as it has not been validated. To psychometrically validate the BSES-SF among a sample of mothers in the United Arab Emirates. We psychometrically evaluated the Arabic version of the BSES-SF using a sample of mothers (N = 457) residing in the United Arab Emirates. We used translation techniques, item-test and item-total correlations, confirmatory factor analysis, tests of reliability, and tests of validity. Item-test correlations of scale items ranged from 0.67 to 0.84, while item-total correlations ranged from 0.58 to 0.81. The confirmatory factor model assessed the 14-item scale to be unidimensional with satisfactory model fit indices. Our findings suggested the Arabic-language version of the BSES-SF was a reliable measure (α = 0.95) with strong construct and discriminant validity. BSES-SF scores significantly predicted exclusive breastfeeding (aOR = 1.04; 95% CI [1.02, 1.08]) and exclusive duration (β = .06; 95% CI [0.4, 0.08]), which suggested strong predictive, validity after adjusting for parity, maternal age, maternal education, and study site. We have provided rigorous evidence that the BSES-SF is a valid and reliable measure of breastfeeding self-efficacy among Arabic-speaking women in the UAE. Interventions designed specifically to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy among Arabic-speaking women may be a mechanism to increase the suboptimal rates of breastfeeding exclusivity occurring in much of the MENA region.

Validation of Gender Friendly Breastfeeding Knowledge scale among young adults

SummaryIntroductionBreastfeeding is the most effective intervention to improve child health. Young adults, both genders play an important role in society supporting breastfeeding as they will be stepping towards parenthood in the near future. Bringing awareness and busting the myths among them is essential. This study aimed to develop a Gender Friendly Breastfeeding Knowledge scale based on a conceptual framework that reflected the knowledge of young adults and evaluates its validity and reliability.MethodologyDevelopment of the questionnaire for Conceptual framework and item generation was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, other sources and expert opinion. The type of measurement was structured as a 5-point Likert scale. The Lawshe technique to assess the content validity ratio. A cross-sectional survey in graduation colleges situated in Mangalagiri or within the radius of 30 km of Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India was conducted in 2020. 1400 Adult males and females aged 20-25 years and perusing full-time graduation course were recruited. For each item in the Gender Friendly Breastfeeding Awareness scale, we assessed individual item characteristics and item-test correlation. To check to construct validity, we performed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsExpert panel retained 23 items from initially 30 items. The content validity index score for the each of 23-items in the scale was more than 0.80. A four-factor structure perfectly fitted the data and illustrated 54% of the variation in knowledge of breastfeeding. 4 stages of CFA were completed. The chi-square = 860.534 was significantly above the 0.01 level. Cronbach’s alpha = 0.787 based on standardized items reflected the overall internal consistency of the Gender Friendly Breastfeeding Awareness scale.ConclusionGender Friendly Breastfeeding Knowledge scale is a valid and reliable tool, it is recommended that this scale be used in communities, educational institutions, and in relevant research to assess Breastfeeding knowledge among young adults of both genders, thereby promoting breastfeeding practices in the future.

Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II) en población universitaria colombiana

IntroductionThe Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the most frequently used instruments in clinical and research practice for depression symptoms. However, its psychometric properties in the Colombian population are unknown. The objective of this study was to find evidence of these properties in university students, who have a high prevalence of depression. MethodAn instrumental study was carried out to evaluate the reliability, and to know the evidence of validity of the internal structure and the relationship with other variables of the BDI-II in a sample of 409 students of a private university in Bogotá. ResultsRegarding reliability, a Cronbach's alpha=0.91 was obtained. As evidence of validity, item-test correlations were found that ranged from 0.31 to 0.67, all of them statistically significant (P<0.0001) and a good fit of a bifactorial model (RMSEA=0.040; SRMR=0.046; CFI=0.984; TLI=0.981) and of a second-order model to the data. (RMSEA=0.045; SRMR=0.045; CFI=0.978; TLI=0.975). In relation to other variables, a direct and statistically significant correlation was found with risk factors (=0.65) and inverse with the protective factors (=–0.519) of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI). ConclusionsThis evidence indicates that the BDI-II scores obtained enable depression symptoms to be inferred in this population and its clinical and research use is recommended. However, more confirmatory studies are needed in populations with greater variability.

POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

Political socialization is a concept that includes the processes of learning the knowledge, values and attitudes of the new generations that contribute to the support of the political system and their inclusion in the political culture. In the process of political socialization, especially family, peers and mass media, play an essential role. In this study, a 10-item Political Socialization Scale (PSS) consisting of questions about the actors effective in political socialization, was developed. The sample of this study was composed of 393 students, 266 (67.7%) female and 127 (32.3%) male students. The age range of the participants varies in between 18-40 years old (M.age = 21.52, SD = 2.58). In the scope of validity tests, the scale was reduced to three factors through exploratory factor analysis. the three-factor structure was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and the resulting model demonstrated produced significant goodness of fit statistics Item-test correlations and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients are calculated for reliability studies. Furthermore, to test the criterion-related validity the Basic Personality Traits Inventory developed by Gençöz and Öncül (2012) was used. Findings obtained at the end of the analysis revealed that the Turkish version of the PSS is a valid and reliable tool that has been demonstrated empirically. Keywords Political socialization scale, validity, reliability

Evaluation of a Persian version of the Adelaide driving self-efficacy scale among Iranian older adults

Objective Our aim in the present study was to estimate the psychometric properties of the full-length Adelaide driving self-efficacy scale (ADSES) for use among community-based resident older adults in Tehran, Iran. Methods We recruited older adults (60+ years) from various sampling units nested in the Tehran district’s general urban population (20 subjects/questionnaire-item). The questionnaire was translated and back-translated by using recommended pathways. Multiple forms of validity and reliability, including Cronbach alpha, were estimated. Also, we measured intra-class correlation coefficient, and did confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results A total of 243 participants (mean age: 65.8, 95%CI 65.4–66.3) met our inclusion criteria. For ADSES, the alpha coefficient was 0.77, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98), and the average item-test correlation was 0.67. Upon CFA, we found a 0.95 comparative fit index, a coefficient of determination = 92.6%, and standardized size of the residual = 0.04. Conclusion Our Persian language ADSES was found to have adequate validity and factor structure parameters for evaluating driving self-efficacy among community-based older adults in a non-western context. Our questionnaire is an essential first step toward evaluating driving self-efficacy among older adults, especially where no such tool is available, to help develop driving self-efficacy as a healthy aging measure.

The Challenged Sense of Belonging Scale (CSBS)\u2014a validation study in English, Arabic, and Farsi/Dari among refugees and asylum seekers in Germany

This study introduces and investigates the validity of a brief scale measuring a challenged sense of belonging. The sense of belonging as well as challenges to this sense are important, albeit neglected aspects of social integration and of significance to migration and refugee studies as well as to virtually all other social science contexts. Assessing a challenged or eroded sense of belonging provides important insights into how individuals relate to their environment and whether they feel socially connected or disconnected from it. The construct goes beyond national or cultural identity, instead emphasizing the dynamic processes of emotional attachment. Reviewing the substantial theoretical literature on belonging, we identify four of its key elements: connection, participation, identification, and congruence. Drawing on existing measurement instruments, we propose a brief Challenged Sense of Belonging Scale (CSBS) that addresses each of the four elements and investigate its validity in a unique, multi-lingual random sample of 3783 adult refugees in Germany from various national and cultural backgrounds. We provide evidence for the scale’s validity separately for three main survey languages (English, Arabic, Farsi/Dari) using confirmatory factor analysis, a test of measurement invariance, item test and rest correlations, and correlation analysis to explore convergent validity. Our findings suggest that the scale is a suitable instrument for the assessment of a challenged sense of belonging in a heterogeneous population of refugees.

Validation of the Multidimensional Inventory of Infidelity (IMIN) in Colombian Population.

.Infidelity is a problem that entails psychological and physical consequences in humankind (Buss, 2016; González et al., 2009; Shackelford et al., 2003); thus, indicating the importance of measuring infidelity construct. The objective of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Multidimensional Infidelity Inventory (IMIN) for Colombian samples. For this, the instrument was applied to 674 Colombian participants, 224 men (33.28%) and 449 women (66.71%), with ages between 18 and 81 years (M = 25.11; SD = 10.56), carrying out exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory, and internal consistency for each subscale. In general, in the Motives to infidelity scale, three factors were found that explained 66.74% of the total accumulated variance; three factors were found in the Trend to Infidelity scale, explaining 65.02% of the total variance; in the sub-scale of Beliefs to infidelity, five factors were obtained, explaining 58.33% of the accumulated variance; and in the sub-scale of Consequences of infidelity, two clearly constituted factors were found, which explain 57.58% of the accumulated variance. All of them had confirmatory models with adequate levels of goodness of fit, adequate Cronbach alpha indicators, item-item, and item-test correlations, in addition to concordance with the original proposal of the instrument.

Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Validity and reliability study for children and adolescents

Objective: The number of publications reporting anxiety and fear about the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) continues to grow; however, the psychometric tools available to assess a Turkish population are insufficient to measure the relevant mental health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and to analyze the validity and reliability in children and adolescents. Method: The study sample consisted of 381 children aged 10-18 years. Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency analysis was used to evaluate the scale's reliability, and the criterion validity was assessed with the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child (RCADS-C) subscale scores. The construct validity of the scale was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient calculated to determine the scale's reliability was α=0.88. The corrected total item test correlation values of the items varied between 0.63 and 0.68. Exploratory factor analysis determined that the factor load of the scale items was 0.73-0.77 and that there was only one factor with an eigenvalue >1. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the fit indices were acceptable. Conclusion: These findings show that the Turkish version of the FCV-19S is a valid and reliable measurement tool for use with children and adolescents.

A Study of Reliability and Validity for Citizenship Knowledge and Skill Scale

The study aims to develop a current scale that has a higher validity and reliability and reveals high school students’ perceptions of measuring their citizenship knowledge and skills. The study was conducted with two different groups. The first group is the group where data is collected to conduct Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and it consists of 258 students. The second group is the group where the data is collected to carry out Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and it consists of 180 students. A total of 438 students participated in the study providing different students were in both groups. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the Citizenship Knowledge and Skill Scale, which includes a total of 24 items, consists of a 5-factor structure. These factors are termed as “Participation in Social Life”, “Right to Education”, “Individual Duties”, “Duties of the State” and “Common Rights”. The total variance explained by the scale is 61.79%. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between these 5 factors and there is no autocorrelation problem. Item-factor and item-test correlation coefficients were calculated for all items of the scale and it was determined that each item was consistent not only with the factor it contained but also with the whole test. Cronbach Alpha reliability of the general of Citizenship Knowledge and Skill Scale is 0.91 and Omega reliability is 0.92. It can be said that the reliability and validity of the scale are applicable and high.