Item Correlation Research Articles

EFEKTIFITAS MANAJEMEN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MENCIPTAKAN GOOD GOVERNANCE

This study aims to find out about the effectiveness of leadership management and its influence, in order to create good governance, in the work environment of regency/city governments in Banten Province. Leadership has a very strategic and important role in creating a government that supports good governance. Therefore, education and training for leaders are needed to strengthen their leadership management in each institution. This study uses a quantitative survey type approach. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey. Data collection techniques carried out through; observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The questionnaire was tested to test the validity, reliability and objectivity of the instrument, with the total item correlation technique which is the basis of the Pearson correlation. The results obtained were seven interval classes with the highest significance acquisition at grade interval 4 (32.50%) and the lowest at grade interval 7 (2.50%). The survey instrument includes 4 aspects of implementation, 1) mentoring, 2) reviewing, 3) evaluation, and 4) monitoring. The results showed that it is very important to conduct training in order to improve management quality. The government has assessment guidelines for leaders who will take leadership training

The design of the instrument of job satisfaction of lecturers at the University of Z bandung

Higher education is a service industry, therefore it must be able to provide excellent service. Therefore one of the lecturers’ job satisfaction must be considered. Lecturers who feel job satisfaction will work optimally. InHigher Education Z, it was found that there was an indication of the dissatisfaction of the lecturers’ work, therefore the purpose of this study was to design an Instrumenr of Lecturer performance satisfaction in Higher Education, to find out how high the level of job satisfaction was, and to identify variables from aspects that were not yet optimal Z. The method used is descriptive quantitative. The results of the analysis of the validity test, the value oh the item correlation of each variable, namely form Work, Salary and Wages, promotion Opportunities, Supervision, Co-Workers and Working Conditions by using the formula product moment r value result from 6 variables> r table (0,286) so that the design the job satisfaction instrumrnt is valid. Cronbachs Alpha value reliability test obtained Cronbach’s Alpha value greater than the critical value of (0.60). Then it can be concluded thet the items of the research instrument are reliable.
 
 Keywords : Design, Instrument, Job Satisfaction

Measuring Attitudes Towards Motorcycle Helmet Use in Laos

This paper examines attitude towards use of motorcycle helmet in Laos. A quantitative approach using the survey questionnaire method was adopted to assess this attitude. A total of 257 university students in Vientiane, Laos was interviewed. Forward translation, backward translation, and cognitive debriefing were carried out. Factor analysis of the principal components was also performed. The four-factor solution was used to explain the 58.867% of total variance. The correlation between items showed values between .01 and .566. The total item correlation values were between .129 and .566. Cronbach alpha coefficient was .764 for overall scale and between .801 and .601 on the four factors. Spearman Brown prediction formula was used to test psychometric properties and reliability of the items. A total of 17 items were considered reliable, such as such as susceptibility, trafficability, safety and usability, in determining overall attitudes of Laotians in using motorcycle helmet. These can be used in future research.

Measuring Family Members' Experiences of Integrating Chronic Illness Into Family Life: Preliminary Validity and Reliability of the Family Integration Experience Scale:Chronic Illness (FIES:CI).

Measures of family members' experiences of integrating chronic conditions (CC) or chronic illnesses (CI) into family life are needed to optimize family care. This article reports development and psychometric testing of the Family Integration Experience Scale: Chronic Illness (FIES:CI), a measure of family member perceptions of integrating CC or CI into evolving family life. Family Systems Nursing (FSN), the Reintegration Within Families in the Context of Chronic Illness Model, and measurement theory guided the study. Participants were those (N = 328) managing a CC or CI. Concurrent validity (r = +.629; p < .001) and discriminant validity, F(1, 155) = 7.09; p < .05, were demonstrated. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-dimensional model explaining 63.8% variance. Scale internal reliability was α = .70 and .785, and factor reliabilities were α = .798 (Factor 1) and α = .847 (Factor 2). Test-retest item and subscale correlations, while accounting for intra-family correlation, were acceptable. The FIES:CI contributes a valuable new measure of family integration in the context of CC or CI with preliminary validity and reliability as tested in these samples.

Validation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Self-Care Inventory-revised for adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objective The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of SCI-R to adults with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods The SCI-R is a 15-question survey that reflects how well patients with diabetes have adhered to treatment recommendations. A pretest (n = 40) was first performed to improve comprehension of the survey items. A final version was then self-administered in another 75 adults with type 2 diabetes to determine the survey's reliability and validity according to its association with HbA1c. Finally, we conducted a test-retest reliability analysis over three weeks to stabilize the sample and determine intra-observer variability. Results After the pretest phase, the final sample's (N = 75) mean age was 59.9 ± 7.5 years and mean HbA1c level was 8.6 ± 1.5% (70 ± 16.4 mmol/mol). The initial Cronbach's alpha was 0.61; however, further analysis showed that four items had low item correlation and were excluded from the final version, which increased the Cronbach's alpha to 0.63. In predictive validity analysis, HbA1c levels correlated significantly with total survey scores (r = -0.38, P = 0.001). The intra-class correlation coefficient between baseline and three-week scores was 0.93, which indicates high reproducibility. Conclusions The Brazilian Portuguese version of the SCI-R is a valid tool for measuring treatment adherence in adults with type 2 diabetes.

VALIDACIÓN DE UN INSTRUMENTO DE DESARROLLO PROFESIONAL EN EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA INFANTIL

The objective is to build and design a questionnaire that assesses the professional development of Early Childhood Education teachers in their connection with Physical Education. Their psychometric properties have been studied with a sample of 526 teachers through the statistical program SPSS v.23 and AMOS. Reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, item correlation with total score and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out. The consistency of the instrument has been high (α = 0.836). In addition, there is an adequate item correlation with total score, and the presence of seven factors in the exploratory factor analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate adjustment to the model data of the questionnaire (χ2 / gl = 1.635, GFI = 0.929, CFI = 0.963, RMSEA = 0.039). This questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument and its use is suggested in future researches.

Nepotism and Favouritism in Polish and Lithuanian Organizations: The Context of Organisational Microclimate

The phenomena of ‘nepotism’ and ‘favouritism’ are frequently observed in contemporary business, being usually associated with corruption in the public sector and the abuse of public resources. The phenomena, however, have an international scale and no country and sector of the economy are free of them. Given these facts, our paper identifies the attitude of Lithuanian and Polish employees to it in the context of revealing the organizational microclimate. Our analysis is done in relation to three basic aspects: a) Sector (public vs. private), b) gender (male vs. female) and c) five different age groups. Our research sample involved 337 respondents (Poland-PL, N = 164 and Lithuania-LT, N = 173) representing public (PL and LT, N = 119) and private (PL and LT, N = 218) sector organizations. A closed-type questionnaire was used in the survey. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by its high psychometric characteristics. Several research methods, including factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman–Brown, factor loading and total item correlation were used in our study. The results show that there are both similarities as well as differences between the organizations analysed. As far as the private vs. public sector is concerned, in Poland, manifestation of nepotism in principal does not differ in private and public organizations, unlike in Lithuanian organizations, where a worse situation is recorded in public sector organizations. In turn, comparing employees’ attitudes by their gender, it was identified that there were more similarities than differences between Poland and Lithuania in four subcategories. Finally, comparing employees’ attitudes by their age, it was identified that the least number of statistically significant differences was identified in two age groups: 18–24 years old and over 51.

Impostorism in third-year medical students: an item analysis using the Clance impostor phenomenon scale.

IntroductionImpostorism, feelings of distrust in one’s abilities and accomplishments despite evidence to the contrary, is frequent in medical students and negatively affects student wellness.MethodsThe aspects of impostorism that were most prevalent in medical students during the transition from the preclinical to clinical phases of their training were assessed using an anonymous, voluntary 60-item survey that included the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and a 2-item burnout assessment administered in October-November 2018. Ratings of individual CIPS items were compared between items for the entire sample and in subpopulations of students. The correlation of individual CIPS items with CIPS total score was also determined.ResultsA total of 127 of 215 (59%) surveyed students responded, with 112 completing the CIPS with mean score of 63.0 ± 14.6 (moderate-to-frequent impostor feelings). Ratings of individual CIPS items differed significantly between items. Responses also differed depending on gender and perceived burnout or depersonalization.DiscussionThird-year medical students identified most strongly with items related to unfounded fear of failure, hesitance to share recognition before it is announced, remembering failures rather than successes, believing themselves less capable than others, and worrying about succeeding. In contrast, attribution of accomplishments to luck was not prominent for these students. Responses to certain items also differed depending on gender and perceived burnout or depersonalization, but not self-reported under-represented minority status. This observation may inform the development of interventions tailored to foster wellness as students negotiate the transition from the preclinical to clinical phases of their training.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s40037-020-00562-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Measurement invariances of the PHQ-9 across gender and age groups in Chinese adolescents.

IntroductionThe nine‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) is widely used to determine the severity of depression in adult populations, but its psychometric properties with regard to adolescents has been poorly explored. The present study aims to identify the factor structure and examine the measurement invariance of this instrument across genders and age groups in a Chinese adolescent sample.MethodsA large sample of Chinese schoolchildren completed the PHQ‐9 in a cross‐sectional survey in Hong Kong (N = 10 933). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure and a multiple group CFA to test the gender and age invariances of the PHQ‐9 in adolescents were conducted. Cronbach alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire, and Pearson correlations with anxiety, self‐esteem, and perceived control were used to assess its construct validity.ResultsThe CFA results indicate that a one‐factor model with three pairs of item correlations fitted the PHQ‐9 data well, and measurement invariances by age and gender were supported. The PHQ‐9 also possesses adequate internal consistency (>.84) and is strongly correlated with anxiety (>.77), self‐esteem (<−.57), and perceived control (<−.56) in the expected directions in the overall sample and in the gender and age subsamples.DiscussionThe results support the claim that the PHQ‐9 is a reliable and valid scale and can be used to assess and compare depressive severity across ages and genders during the period of adolescence.

National Student Survey: Reliability and prediction of overall satisfaction scores with special reference to UK Dental Schools.

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the UK National Student Survey (NSS) (2018) and explore the predictive values of individual questions and question domains on the overall satisfaction score. UK NSS result data (for 2018) were assessed for all those providers that award an undergraduate degree in dentistry. To analyse the correlation of each question item to the overall satisfaction question (question 27), a bivariate 2-tailed Pearson correlation test was conducted, where a P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. The same test was used to assess such correlation at question domain level. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the test reliability of the NSS data. Question 5 ("My course has provided me with opportunities to explore ideas or concepts in depth") had the highest predictive value, explaining 85% of the correlation data to the overall satisfaction question. The strongest positive correlation could be seen at the "teaching on my course" and "learning opportunities" domains, whereby 84% of the data can be explained by each of these variables. The worst predictor domain was assessment and feedback, whereby only 40% of the data could be explained by the correlation line. Cronbach's alpha was 0.952-0.976. The NSS is a highly reliable test, both at question and domain levels. The highest predictors of overall satisfaction are teaching, learning opportunities and academic support domains. Assessment and feedback has weak predictive value towards the overall satisfaction score. Question 5 is highly predictive of the overall outcome.

Anti-Suicidal Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Depressive Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of a Large Sample.

Background: Suicide is a major public health problem. About 90% of suicide victims have one or more major psychiatric disorder, with a reported 20-fold increased risk for suicide in patients with affective disorders in comparison with healthy subjects. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been established as an effective alternative or adjunctive treatment option for patients with depressive disorders, but little is known about its effects on suicide risk.Objective: For the assessment of the effectiveness of rTMS on suicidal ideation and behaviors, we performed a retrospective analysis of a large sample of patients with depressive disorders, who were treated with rTMS.Methods: We analyzed the records of 711 TMS in- and out-patients with depressive affective disorders in a tertiary referral hospital between 2002 and 2017. Out of these patients we were able to collect Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) data of 332 patients (180 females, 152 males; age range 20 to 79 years; mean age 47.3 ± 12.3) for which we analyzed the change of suicidal ideation by using item 3 (suicidality) of HAMD.Results: Out of all 711 patients treated with rTMS for their depression, one patient (0.1%) committed suicide during the TMS treatment. In the statistical analysis of the subsample with 332 patients there was an overall amelioration of depressive symptoms accompanied by a significant decrease in the suicidality item with a medium effect size. Decrease in suicidality was not inferior to changes in other items as indicated by effect sizes. Forty-seven percent of patients showed an amelioration in suicidality, 41.3% of patients did not show a change in their suicidality’s scores, and 11.7% of patients showed an increase in suicidality’s scores from baseline to final rating. Correlation of item 3 (suicidality) and item 7 (drive) demonstrated a significant positive association, revealing improved drive with a parallel decreased suicidality.Conclusion: Based on the proposed data, there is no evidence that rTMS increases the risk for suicide during the course of the treatment. Conversely, rTMS tends to reduce suicidal ideation. Our findings call for further rTMS controlled studies using large sample sizes and specific suicidality assessment measures to obtain more conclusive results.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN RUJUK ONLINE PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN BPJS DI RUMAH SAKIT ADVENT MEDAN

The weakness of referral system has an impact on the use of human resources and in effficent advanced technology, have consequence in accumulation of patients in the hospital and finally impacted to the quality of health service. The purpose of research was to find out the factor of online referral that related to patient satisfaction in agency of social health service outpatients. The research was done using the quantitaive method with the cross sectional approach which analytical survey. The 96 samples is from purposive sampling method. The data instrument used questionnaire with the item correlation 0,361 and cronbach alpha 0,6. The data analysis was done with chi-square test (X 2 test) on the bivariate test, and regression logistic on the multivariate test with α= 0,05. The result of the analysis was related certainty of time (p=0,005), certainty of referral (p= 0,007),waiting time (p=0,034), acces to health service (p=0,011),quality of health service (p= 0,001), health care procces (p=0,004), health care system (p= 0,003) with the patient satisfaction in agency of social health service outpatients and the most dominant variable related with patient satisfaction is certainty of referral (RP=8,886). The research was concluded that there is related the certainty of time, certainty of referral, waiting time, acces to health service, quality of health service, health care procces and health care system related with the patients satisfaction. Suggested to doctor have to be on time in service so that service is more optimal.

Weekly Physical Activity from IPAQ (Arabic) Recalls and from IDEEA Activity Meters

Objective: Determine the Test reliability and the objective validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Methods: IPAQ was evaluated for test-retest reliability within 6 - 8 days of its first administration. Criterion validity was tested comparing IPAQ data with those from an activity meter (Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity, IDEEA). Results: The test-retest correlation (n = 71) for items of IPAQ ranged from r = 0.63 to r = 0.74 and was r = 0.79 for the total weekly PA in MET*min per week. Average PA (in MET*min/week) measured with the IDEEA meter, decreased from normal (15,840), to 14,278 in overweight (BMI > 25- 30) and further to 12,803 in obese subjects (>30. BMI). The weekly energy expenditure measured by IDEEA correlated significantly (r = 0.61, r2 = 0.38) with the IPAQ data, providing an objective criterion for validity of IPAQ. The mean values of weekly PA estimated from IPAQ (in MET*min/week) differed significantly in the high (15,690) vs. the low (11,398) activity groups but not between the moderate (12,056) compared to the low PA group. The IPAQ criteria used to categorize subjects as moderately active, erred by including too many low PA subjects. IDEEA measurements in sedentary subjects overestimated their energy expenditure. Conclusions: IPAQ can be reliably used to distinguish low and high PA groups and yields relatively low estimates (−18%) of weekly PA in these groups compared to those measured with the activity meter. Stricter criteria are needed to distinguish moderate from low PA groups. Overweight and obese subjects showed significantly lower levels of PA than normal BMI subjects. IDEEA overestimates low levels of PA.

Mining Correlated High Utility Itemsets in One Phase

High-utility itemset mining (HUIM) in transaction databases has been extensively studied to discover interesting itemsets from users' purchase behaviors. With this, business managers can adjust their sale strategies appropriately to increase profit. HUIM approaches usually focus on the utility values of itemsets, but rarely evaluate the correlation of items in itemsets. Many high-utility itemsets are weakly correlated and have no real meaning. To address this issue, we suggest an algorithm, called CoHUI-Miner, to efficiently find correlated high-utility itemsets. In the proposed algorithm, we use the database projection mechanism to reduce the database size and present a new concept, called the prefix utility of projected transactions, to eliminate itemsets which do not satisfy the minimum threshold in the mining process. Experimental evaluation on two types of datasets from sparse to dense ones shows that CoHUI-Miner can efficiently mine correlated high-utility itemsets with regard to both execution time and memory usage.

The Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Observable Social Cognition -A Rating Scale for Patients with Schizophrenia.

The Observable Social Cognition-A Rating Scale (OSCARS) is an eight-item, interview-based psychometric tool that was developed by Healey et al. (2015) for evaluating social cognition with respect to the theory of mind, emotion perception, and attributional style in schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the scale. The study was conducted with 50 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and 50 relatives of these patients using the OSCARS, the Face Emotion Discrimination/Identification Test (FEDT/FEIT), the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and the Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Index (DEZIKO). The validity of the OSCARS was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and concurrent validity analysis, the reliability was demonstrated by the internal consistency coefficient, item-total item correlation, and test-retest comparisons. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the OSCARS-TR was 0.83. Explanatory factor analysis yielded a 2-factor structure explaining 64.2% of the total variance of the scale. The total score of the OSCARSTR correlated significantly with the DEZIKO (r=-0.49), the GAF (r=- 0.50), the PANSS (r=0.54) and the FEDT (r=-0.29) total scores but not with the FEIT scores. The total scores of the OSCARS-TR completed by the patients and by the relatives of the patients correlated with statistical significance (r=0.93). The test-retest reliability coefficient of OSCARS-TR was 0.95. The results demonstrated the validity and the reliability of the OSCARS-TR. The scale can be easily implemented on an interview basis as an appropriate tool for evaluating social cognition.

Development of the tendency scale for scientific values: A validity and reliability study

Being a significant dimension in affective behavior education, values are guiding concepts for explaining the cognitive and social structures. In the process of value acquisition, the tendency of individuals for the value being targeted for acquisition bears a great significance. In the present study, the main aim is to develop an assessment instrument that can determine the tendency levels for the scientific values among students. In this process, the related literature was reviewed and an item pool was established. The item pool was presented to the expert opinion and following the necessary revisions, it was applied to the sample. The sample consisted of 268 secondary school students. In order to determine the validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. As a result of the validity analyses, a 4-factor structure consisting of 27 items was obtained and each factor was respectively named as the following in accordance with theoretical framework; "Curiosity", "Creativity," "Criticism", and "Inquisitiveness". The Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient, corrected item correlations, and the stability levels were calculated in order to determine the reliability of the scale. As a result of the study, it was found that the Tendency Scale for Scientific Values consisting of 4 factors and 27 items was a valid and reliable tool that can be used for determining the level of tendency for scientific values.

Validity and Reliability of The Turkish Version of Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale

Anhedonia is a core feature of many psychiatric disorders and its reliable evaluation is needed for the dimensional understanding of psychiatric disorders. Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) is one of the most widely used scale to assess anhedonia. Here, we aimed to search the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of SHAPS. Translation of the original scale was completed in a two-step procedure. 188 healthy controls, 56 patients with a depressive disorder (F32-F34, excluding F34.0 cyclothymic disorder, according to ICD-10), and 52 patients with anxiety, stress-related or somatoform disorder diagnoses (F40-49 diagnosis according to ICD-10) were recruited, and evaluated with the Turkish version of SHAPS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R). For the Turkish version of SHAPS, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found 0.87. The item-total item correlation indices ranged from 0.39 to 0.64. Principal components analysis extracted two factors and explained 46.57 % of total variance. The most significant correlation of SHAPS was found with BDI scores. SHAPS weakly correlated with somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and depression sub-scales of SCL-90-R, but not with BAI or other sub-scales of SCL-90-R. Depressive group had significantly higher SHAPS scores compared to controls and anxious group. Anxious group and control group were not significantly different for SHAPS scores. The current study shows that the Turkish version of the SHAPS has good psychometric properties. SHAPS scores may correlate with depression, somatization, and interpersonal sensitivity scores, and it may help to differentiate depressive patients from anxious patients and controls.

발달장애인용 직업흥미검사 하위 유형 도구의 문항 분포 및 관계성 분석

발달장애인용 직업흥미검사 하위 유형 도구의 문항 분포 및 관계성 분석

Formulating A Tool to Measure Motivational Values of Women towards Gender of A Child

Background: Sex ratio at Birth (SRB) is a problem in developing countries as in India. Value system towards gender of child influences SRB in a society. Current study was done to design and assess administrative feasibility of questionnaire to measure motivational values towards the gender of the child amongst women.Methods: The study was done from June to December 2017, wherein, a group of experts agreed to a set of 10 motivational values on which questions were prepared. Face and content validity were tested by the experts from field of social sciences, public health, higher education. They discussed motivational values over series of meetings to agree upon said criteria, nature, and scaling of response of questions were decided.Results: At the beginning, a set of 105 questions were prepared and out of these 52 non-redundant questions were finalized. The distribution of questions was as follows: 6 for power, 3 for achievement, 2 for hedonism, 5 for stimulation, 9 for self-direction, 9 for universalism, 5 for benevolence, 3 for tradition, 4 for conformity, and 6 for security. Feasibility for administration was assessed in a small set of 26 women and majority of women had relatively high average score for power, hedonism, and universalism; moderate score for achievement, and self-direction; and low score for stimulation, benevolence, tradition, conformity, and security.Conclusion: It is feasible to measure motivational values, which influence the behavior of women towards gender of a child. Further validation study needs to be carried out with large sample size to measure inter item correlations and reliability of scale to make the questionnaire more applicable.

Collaborative deep recommendation with global and local item correlations

Many recommendation methods have introduced item correlation information to alleviate the data sparsity and cold-start problems. However, existing approaches exploit either global or local item correlations, rarely consider both global and local item correlations, and thus they cannot provide advanced recommendation performance. Inspired by this, we propose a novel collaborative deep framework called GLICR to simultaneously incorporate the global and local item correlations into the model. More specifically, our proposed GLICR model tightly couples deep neural network with matrix factorization (MF), and jointly learns the deep feature representations of item content information in deep neural network and the rating matrix in MF. In addition, we introduce manifold regularization to learn the global and local item correlations directly from data. We conduct comprehensive experiments on real-world datasets at three different degrees of sparsity to confirm that our approach can effectively alleviate data sparsity problem and is superior to existing state-of-the-art recommendation techniques. This work is the first attempt that considers the global and local item correlations by manifold regularization in recommendation scenario.