IT Community Research Articles

Подходы к разработке концептуальной модели архитектуры цифровой медицинской экосистемы.

To date, no consensus has been formed in academic circles, nor in the medical and IT communities on what the architecture of the medical ecosystem should be. Due to the focus of medical ecosystems, unlike other business ecosystems, primarily on meeting the health-saving needs of patients, as well as due to constant changes in the IT world and modern business, the work on business and IT coordination in the interests of patients in the medical ecosystem is of particular importance. It is proposed to use an approach based on the concept of enterprise architecture (AP), which has been used for quite a long time for the development of information systems, in combination with an approach based on the management of IT services. This article provides a rationale for using the AP concept in conjunction with IT service management to align the needs of business and information technology in developing the architecture of the medical ecosystem. The purpose of this article is to give a general idea of the use of AP to solve the problems of joint value creation within the medical ecosystem by means of information technology. The article also presents the TOGAF framework as one of the most promising general frameworks for developing the architecture of the medical ecosystem. An array of ecosystem medical services is presented as an ecosystem product, and the main artifacts and the ecosystem management system are also described. This article can be a starting point for the development of the architecture of the medical ecosystem using existing architectural frameworks or for the development of specialized frameworks for use in this field.

Multi-Label Classification of Pure Code

Currently, there is a significant amount of public code in the IT communities, programming forums and code repositories. Many of these codes lack classification labels, or have imprecise labels, which causes inconvenience to code management and retrieval. Some classification methods have been proposed to automatically assign labels to the code. However, these methods mainly rely on code comments or surrounding text, and the classification effect is limited by the quality of them. So far, there are a few methods that rely solely on the code itself to assign labels to the code. In this paper, an encoder-only method is proposed to assign multiple labels to the code of an algorithmic problem, in which UniXcoder is employed to encode the input code and the encoding results correspond to the output labels through the classification heads. The proposed method relies only on the code itself. We construct a dataset to evaluate the proposed method, which consists of source code in three programming languages (C[Formula: see text], Java, Python) with a total size of approximately 120[Formula: see text]K. The results of the comparative experiment show that the proposed method has better performance in multi-label classification task of pure code than encoder–decoder methods.

Maintenance Operations on Cloud, Edge, and IoT Environments: Taxonomy, Survey, and Research Challenges

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) introduced new classes of applications whose latency and bandwidth requirements could not be satisfied by the traditional Cloud Computing model. Consequently, the Internet Technology community promoted the cooperation of two paradigms, Cloud Computing and Edge Computing, combining large-scale computing power and real-time processing capabilities. A significant management challenge in such complex infrastructure concerns the development of efficient maintenance strategies to preserve the environment’s performance and security. While the abundant resources from the academic literature could support the design of novel maintenance solutions, extracting actionable insights from the existing approaches is challenging, given the massive number of published papers. Furthermore, existing review papers, which could help summarize the state-of-the-art, scope their investigations to the maintenance of certain components in particular scenarios. This work fills this gap with a broader literature analysis that covers maintenance strategies targeting physical and logical components in cloud, edge, and IoT environments. First, we introduce a taxonomy that organizes existing solutions according to several characteristics. Then, we review the literature following the taxonomy structure to facilitate the understanding of the research landscape and the comparison between existing works. Finally, we shed light on open challenges that represent promising research directions.

Lessons Learned from Developing a Sustainability Awareness Framework for Software Engineering Using Design Science

To foster a sustainable society within a sustainable environment, we must dramatically reshape our work and consumption activities, most of which are facilitated through software. Yet, most software engineers hardly consider the effects on the sustainability of the IT products and services they deliver. This issue is exacerbated by a lack of methods and tools for this purpose. Despite the practical need for methods and tools that explicitly support consideration of the effects that IT products and services have on the sustainability of their intended environments, such methods and tools remain largely unavailable. Thus, urgent research is needed to understand how to design such tools for the IT community properly. In this article, we describe our experience using design science to create the Sustainability Awareness Framework (SusAF), which supports software engineers in anticipating and mitigating the potential sustainability effects during system development. More specifically, we identify and present the challenges faced during this process. The challenges that we have faced and addressed in the development of the SusAF are likely to be relevant to others who aim to create methods and tools to integrate sustainability analysis into their IT products and services development. Thus, the lessons learned in SusAF development are shared for the benefit of researchers and other professionals who design tools for that end.

Work in IT for women: The realities of Ukraine


 
 
 The article presents a study conducted on gender equality in Ukraine in the field of information technology. The problem of gender inequality still exists throughout the world. The purpose of the article is to study the working conditions of women in IT, to discuss the possible use of stereotypes, and to identify the reasons for women’s lack of interest in working in this field. Formally, there is no prohibition for women to work in the IT industry. However, there are a number of reasons in Ukraine that affect the possibilities of pursuing a career in this direction. The article analyzes the available statistical data and the results of a survey among representatives of the IT sector. It is worth noting the problem of data collection during the war in Ukraine. The importance of the sphere for the country’s economy as a whole and the relevance, demand for specialists, as well as the ratio of women and men employed in this area are considered. Global trends in gender distribution in the field of IT were analyzed. The main stereotypes and situations that constitute obstacles for women in this area are considered and the features inherent in Ukrainian society are also highlighted. Based on the statistical data of Ukraine the number and structure of female students, including foreigners, in recent years were analyzed. It was revealed that the structure of the gender ratio of men and women in education is changing with the formation of the labor market of Ukraine and the distribution by employment status. The ratio of working women and men is approximately the same, but the structure by employment status is different. In Ukraine the IT sector is largely based on individual entrepreneurs. Despite the martial law, the IT community is actively developing and new companies are being created. Training is actively carried out in paid and free courses. Surveys were conducted among students, and it was found that the beginning of a career in the field of information technology is already determined by certain stereotypes of society. Based on the conducted research, the structural gender relations in the field of IT and the main stereotypes that hinder the development of women in this area are analyzed. Recommendations for overcoming gender inequality in the field of IT in Ukraine are presented. Based on the information received, conclusions were drawn: the number of women and men studying technical and mathematical sciences in Ukraine is approximately the same. But in the future, in professional activities, women in many cases prefer to occupy weaker positions, leaving leading positions to men. The main reason for this dynamic is the generally accepted stereotypes and the actualization of the role of women in other areas.
 
 

Different Types of Neural Networks and Applications: Evidence from Feedforward, Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks

Neural networks have achieved great process in the 90 years since they were officially introduced in 1943. Because of its wide application and huge research and development potential, this technology attracts more and more scientific and technological workers to the research of neural networks. Neural network technology is an essential component of AI development, and it is a significant indicator of a country's overall strength. In this paper, this study will demonstrate Feedforward Neural Network, Convolution Neural Network and Recurrent Neural networks and evaluate them through datasets from kaggle.com. and CSDN (China IT community). Through this paper, readers can have a better outlook and understanding of the operating principles of each type of neural network as well as their specific jobs (what kind of jobs they specialized in) and each application of these neural networks. So that this paper can promote readers' thoughts and help them start learning neural networks or be a supplement or reference for future scholars. In the end, this paper will present the outcome, which is the evaluation of the accuracy, loss curve, and accuracy curve of neural networks.

Beyond compliance with the 21st Century Cures Act Rule: a patient controlled electronic health information export application programming interface.

The 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule requires that certified electronic health records (EHRs) be able to export a patient's full set of electronic health information (EHI). This requirement becomes more powerful if EHI exports use interoperable application programming interfaces (APIs). We sought to advance the ecosystem, instantiating policy desiderata in a working reference implementation based on a consensus design. We formulate a model for interoperable, patient-controlled, app-driven access to EHI exports in an open source reference implementation following the Argonaut FHIR Accelerator consensus implementation guide for EHI Export. The reference implementation, which asynchronously provides EHI across an API, has three central components: a web application for patients to request EHI exports, an EHI server to respond to requests, and an administrative export management web application to manage requests. It leverages mandated SMART on FHIR/Bulk FHIR APIs. A patient-controlled app enabling full EHI export from any EHR across an API could facilitate national-scale patient-directed information exchange. We hope releasing these tools sparks engagement from the health IT community to evolve the design, implement and test in real-world settings, and develop patient-facing apps. To advance regulatory innovation, we formulate a model that builds on existing requirements under the Cures Act Rule and takes a step toward an interoperable, scalable approach, simplifying patient access to their own health data; supporting the sharing of clinical data for both improved patient care and medical research; and encouraging the growth of an ecosystem of third-party applications.

Research Paper on Mobile Cloud Service

Since 2009, the term "mobile cloud computing," or "MCC," has gained popularity in the IT community and become a key topic of discussion. MCC is the combination of mobile and cloud computing. Given the early stages of MCC development, a comprehensive understanding of the technology is necessary to guide future research directions. In pursuit of the latter goal, this paper provides an overview of the history, foundation, and principles of MCC, as well as its features, current and upcoming research endeavours. A synopsis of the history of MCC—from mobile to cloud computing—is given, and is followed by a review of its features and current research projects. The infrastructure and features of mobile cloud computing are then examined. The remainder of the paper examines the difficulties associated with mobile cloud computing, provides an overview of a few relevant research efforts, and identifies areas for future research that show promise

Social Media Analysis Training for Digital Talent Development in Indonesia

The development of digital technology has allowed people to share opinions on social media, send emails, make purchases online, to make phone calls every day. As a result, the amount of data continues to grow rapidly day by day. Most of the data available today is public and accessible to anyone, such as social media data, blogs, news, discussion forums, public government data, and others. With the immense value of this abundant source of social media data, there is an opportunity to extract knowledge or insights from this unstructured social media data, especially to understand opinions, current trends, or influential actors on information spread on the internet. As part of Telkom Surabaya's IT Community Service team that supports student development in SMA/SMK/MA, we propose solutions to the main problems faced today, namely in the field of data analysis. The solutions we offer are also in line with the government's program to increase Digital Talent in Indonesia. In the midst of increasing demand for Digital Talent, there is still a gap between the need for digital talent and job opportunities in Indonesia. The program we will create is Social Media Analysis Training, which will provide an understanding of the benefits of open social media data in general, how to take insights from social media data, and solve problems in various fields.

Requirements engineering issues and challenges in Ukrainian Agile-projects

In this paper, a review of scholarly studies related to the issues of requirements engineering in Agile as well as a survey study in the Ukrainian IT community, are carried out. This paper aims to adjust the research done on this issue, to identify the current challenges of requirements engineering in Agile and their impact on the final production. Based on the results of the analysis, further research steps are planned. This paper is a preparation for the search for a technical solution to the identified issues and challenges and contributes to the theoretical knowledge of requirements engineering problems in Agile.

Development of a Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Genetics Curriculum for Community Health Workers: KEEP IT (Keeping Each other Engaged Program via IT) Community Health Worker Training.

We developed a curriculum for community health workers (CHWs) using an innovative, community-engaged focus group and Delphi process approach. Equipping CHWs with knowledge of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome(HBOC) and genetics could help enhance identification of women at risk for HBOC, referral, and navigation through genetic services. We conducted focus groups with five CHWs and a three-round Delphi process with eight experts. Inthe first round of the Delphi process, participants rated and commented on draft curriculummodules. The second round involved live video discussion to highlight points of confusion and concern in the modules. The curriculum was revised and refined based on quantitative and qualitative data and reassessed by the experts in Round 3. Ultimately, agreement was achieved on eight of 10 modules when assessing for clarity of learning objectives, seven out of 10 when assessing for adult learning theory, and nine out of 10 when assessing for participants' ability to learn desired knowledge. We plan to virtually deliver this curriculum to CHWs to enhance their HBOC and genomic competencies. By equipping CHWs to understand and participate in genomics education, we can enable more equitable participation in genomics-informed clinical care and research. Beyond this curriculum, the Delphi methodology can further be used to design content for new CHW curriculums.

Regional startup ecosystems of Ukraine

The startup ecosystem of each country contains separate elements and reflects the effectiveness of their interaction, which is also reflected in regional ecosystems. The aim of the research is to identify and rank the start-up ecosystems of the regions of Ukraine according to various indicators, distinguish the differences between the ecosystems and determine the main directions of their development, expansion within a separate region. In the research multifactorial comparative analysis in four stages has been used, such as: justification of the indicator system, normalization of the matrix of standardized coefficients, squaring of all elements of the matrix of standardized coefficients and placement of the obtained rating values by rank. The highest level is charac­terized by a sufficient number of supporting elements that help startups find financing options and accelerate market entry processes; the high level has a dynamic ecosystem that helps early-stage startups find support and funding programs; the medium level has a developing ecosystem, and the existing business structure contributes to the development of the startup movement in the region; the low level has the potential for further development and additional initiatives by local authorities and business structures. According to the rating, the highest level was determined in Kyiv region, the high level is found in Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv, Odesa and Kharkiv regions, the average level is found in Donetsk and Zaporizhia regions. Other regions belong to the lower and the lowest levels, which emphasize the promising development of startup ecosystems in the regions. Regions with the highest level can focus on maintaining and expanding their existing ecosystem by providing additional support and funding for startups; with high indicators they can focus on the further development of its dynamic ecosystem, creating more clusters and events to attract startups and investors; medium level regions can consentrate on increasing the number of supporting elements to make it easier for startups to find funding and scale; with a low level regions can focus on conducting competitions, hackathons, involving the IT community for the development of the startup community.

From digital inclusion to IT appropriation: gendered aspects of appropriation imaginary and practices

The gender digital divide is a well-known research and policy topic. Policy discourses emphasise the inclusion aspect focusing on equal opportunities and economic empowerment. Critical analyses of the inclusion narrative stress its universalist and normative perspective which implicitly excludes and determines what gender technology inclusion means. This contribution focuses on an alternative perspective developed in Latin America: appropriation of technologies. This approach foregrounds the socio-cultural and economic inequalities present in the Global South. Based on a case study of a transfeminist IT community from Argentina, this paper analyses the transformative aspects of this collective’s imaginary and practices. It argues that this approach is relevant to other Global South contexts where similar communities exist and provides us with a better understanding of possibilities and limits of inclusion in the digital technologies sector.

Design of a Standard and Programmatically Accessible Interface for Smart Meters to Allow Monitoring Automation of the Energy Consumed by the Execution of Computer Software

Software has become more computationally demanding nowadays, turning out high-performance software in many cases, implying higher energy and economic expenditure. Indeed, many studies have arisen within the IT community to mitigate the environmental impact of software. Collecting and measuring software’s power consumption has become an essential task. This paper proposes the design of a standard interface for any currently available smart meter, which is programmatically accessible from any software application and can collect consumption data transparently while a program is executed. This interface is structured into two layers. The former is a driver that provides an OS-level standard interface to the meter, while the latter is a proxy offering higher-level API for a concrete programming language. This design provides many benefits. It makes it possible to substitute the meter for a different device without affecting the proxy layer. It also allows the presence of multiple proxy implementations to offer a programmatic interface to the meter for several languages. A prototype of the proposed interface design has been implemented for a concrete smart meter and OS to demonstrate its feasibility. It has been tested with two experiments. Firstly, its correct functioning has been validated. Later, the prototype has been applied to monitor the execution of a high-performance program, a machine learning application to select the most relevant features of electroencephalogram data.

Transforming Health Insurance Claims Adjudication with Blockchain-based Solutions

Over the past decade, the blockchain technology has gained a significant traction with the introduction of the “bitcoin”, the first cryptocurrency back in 2008. The rapid growth of “bitcoin” as a currency and the Bitcoin as a protocol has served as a wake-up call to the IT community which began to realize the real potential of blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is capable of filling many gaps that traditional IT solutions struggle to address. In the other hand the increasing complexity of adjudicating health insurance claims is an urge to introduce more secure and efficient claims adjudication system. Blockchain technology has the potential to reshape the claims adjudication process not only due to its decentralized and tamper-proof features but to its consensus protocols and much more other characteristics. This article studies some of the most recent researches on blockchain solution for health insurance claim adjudication, evaluates the its feasibility and identifies areas where blockchain technology could be applied to improve efficiency and accuracy. This study will also examine the potential benefits and challenges of implementing a blockchain-based system, like reducing administrative costs and improving fraud detection.

RISKS OF RELOCATION OF IT INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION)

In modern conditions, the IT industry is characterized by uncertainty and risk, which in turn affects the functioning of economic entities in this industry. Proper interpretation and clear understanding of the concept of risk helps to identify priority areas for its avoidance and / or leveling. The huge number of risks that have arisen under the influence of external and internal factors complicates the process of determining them. The object of research is the activities of IT companies. The subject of the research is the risks of relocation and functioning of IT business entities in martial law on the example of the Transcarpathian region. Nowadays, the Transcarpathian region is characterized by a large number of IT companies relocated to the region, which, in turn, led to the creation of an IT cluster in April 2022 ‒ a community that will actively interact with other businesses, central and local government in order to meet the needs and uninterrupted activity of the IT community. The main goal of the cluster is to support the functioning of the IT business and thus the economic potential of Ukraine. The article examines the features of IT companies. The main types and characteristics of risks are considered and detailed. From the point of view of project implementation, it is determined that the most important types of risks are those that have a significant impact on the main parameters of the project, i.e. its costs, implementation time, volume or quality of manufactured products. The peculiarities of the activity of IT enterprises in the conditions of relocation are described. It is conducted a comparative analysis of office work and telecommuting, in particular, as well as there are identified and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of remote work of IT staff. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the accuracy of the assessment of the future situation will depend on the completeness of the definition of the types of risks, which will allow in the future to effectively choosing accounting methods for their management.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATEOF THE UKRAINIAN IT MARKE

Today, the global IT community is experiencing significant growth in digital production and software. Nearly 30 million software developers from around the world are working to meet the digital needs of the population. And this number is constantly growing. Many factors have led to an increase in digital production all over the world, namely: the transition of most trading platforms to online commerce, the introduction of online services in most countries, the digitalization of public services, the rapid growth and promotion of technologies related to the circulation and implementation of cryptocurrencies and block-chain, the rapid growth of digital technology in the medical field and much more. It is important to note that the growth of Ukrainian IT is significantly exceeding the global figure in terms of growth and has reached 26 percent since the beginning of this year. Given the rapid change in technology and market segmentation in accordance with the practical skills of certain technologies, universities often can’t adapt themselves to current market needs and train a sufficient number of specialists. The number of trained specialists is positively affected by internal courses being offered by leading Ukrainian and global companies. Often such programs are designed to train professionals who just begin their careers in the field, and for university graduates who lack practical experience in projects. Such programs are more concerned with preparation of specialists at the Trainee and Junior level, which is certainly important, but the main shortage of staff is being observed in the segment of specialists at the middle and higher level. Given the peculiarities of the domestic information technology market, it is sometimes difficult to find a specialist in accordance with the requirements of a vacancy, as the specifics of each company, technology and requirements for specialists are significantly different. At the present stage there is an actual issue of training of a potential candidate for the position by the employer and employee of his company at the Middle level and above.

To the question of modernity and corresponding representations of subjectivity: “dividual” and social organizations

This article is part of the extensive research of value characteristics of IT community and their potential for innovative development. In view of this, the author examines the problem of determination of the modern cultural situation and, as a result, deduction of the criterion that establishes what “modern” is. Based on the previously acquired conclusions (according to which, such criterion is the consideration of irreducible multiplicity, and the major risk is the loss of autonomy by individuals), the author aims to find the model of subjectivity that would be simultaneously multiple and autonomous. The search for the model that meets such criterion is carried out through referring to the control technologies developed within the framework of third-order cybernetics. The novelty of this article consists in peculiarity of the approach towards solution of the set task: the question in the form and method of determination of modernity has been first raised and  solved within the framework of the Russian academic philosophical community at  the previous stage of research, which determines the relevance at the current stage as well. Comparison of the developments of Russian and foreign authors reveals the parallelism between the development of cybernetics and psychoanalysis; demonstrates the conceptual intersections of the third-order cybernetics and schizoanalysis; establishes the conformity between the subjectivity of the individual and the type of organizations they are engaged in. The article offers the concept of “dividual” as a model suitable for solution of the set task. The conclusions is made that the existing potential of the IT community for modernization is neutralized in the context of transition towards the hierarchical structure of the organization.

Using Hashtags to Analyse Purpose and Technology Application of Open-Source Project Related to COVID-19

COVID-19 has had a profound impact on the lives of all human beings. Emerging technologies have made significant contributions to the fight against the pandemic. An extensive review of the application of tech- nology will help facilitate future research and technology development to provide better solutions for future pan- demics. In contrast to the extensive surveys of academic communities that have already been conducted, this study explores the IT community of practice. Using GitHub as the study target, we analysed the main functionalities of the projects submitted during the pandemic. This study examines trends in projects with different functionalities and the relationship between functionalities and technolo- gies. The study results show an imbalance in the number of projects with varying functionalities in the GitHub community, i.e., applications account for more than half of the projects. In contrast, other data analysis and AI projects account for a smaller share. This differs significantly from the survey of the academic community, where the findings focus more on cutting-edge technologies while projects in the community of practice use more mature technologies. The spontaneous behavior of developers may lack organization and make it challenging to target needs. Keywords: COVID, communities of practice, technologies, functionalities

Control System Cyber Incidents Are Real—and Current Prevention and Mitigation Strategies Are Not Working

There is a disconnect between the assumptions and practices within the IT and operational technology communities. This article highlights the disparities in the context of the security and safety of industrial control systems.