Area Of Istanbul Research Articles

Contributions of Urban Woodlands to Bird Diversity and Abundance in The Anatolian Side of Istanbul

Aim of study: The study aimed to assess the impact of urban woodlands on bird species diversity and abundance in the Anatolian side of Istanbul, focusing on species typically absent from urban centers but found within urban environments. The findings are intended to contribute to the development of future conservation and habitat management strategies. Area of study: The study was conducted in five areas in Üsküdar and Beykoz, including an urban center, three urban woodlands (Fethipaşa, Hidiv, and Beykoz Abrahampaşa) and a natural area in Istanbul's northern region. Material and methods: Data on bird species and their abundances were collected and tabulated through 900 point counts from April 2022 to March 2023. The data was analyzed using abundance values, species richness and diversity, identifying distribution and evenness through rank abundance distribution and curves. Similarity analysis was performed using the clustering method and species composition was compared using a Venn diagram. Main results: Seventy-two bird species were identified across the study areas. A decrease in urbanization density enhances bird species richness, diversity and evenness, with the natural area recording the highest values. Urban woodlands harbor species absent from more urbanized locations. Distinctions in species distribution and bird diversity between the areas were revealed. Research highlights: Urban woodlands are crucial areas for wildlife in metropolises, providing significance from both ecological and sociocultural perspectives. Although they may not match natural areas in species diversity, these woodlands significantly contribute to bird diversity within the urban environments. Further research is needed to explore the unique characteristics of each woodland and their contributions to urban ecosystems.

Screen Time and its Determinants in Infants and Toddlers: Results from a Metropolitan Area of Istanbul

Objective: This cross sectional study aimed to assess screen time and associated factors in infants and toddlers under the age of 3 years in a metropolitan area. Method: Data were collected from 269 mothers registered in a family health center using a questionnaire. The questionnaire examines the demographic characteristics of families, the time spent by infants and toddlers with screen devices, and factors that may affect screen time, such as income status, education level and resources. Results: Three-quarters of infants and toddlers in this sample used screen devices (n=202, 75.1%). Total screen time ranged from 20 to 270 min/day, with a mean of 101.8±56.2 min/day. Infants and toddlers spent an average of 71.9 min/day watching television, 63.1 min/day using tablets, and 36.85 min/day using mobile phones. Total daily screen time exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations in 36.3% of infants aged 0-12 months, 84.3% of toddlers aged 13-24 months, and 49.4% of toddlers aged 25-36 months. Age of infant and toddler, maternal education level, and family income were identified as factors associated with risky screen exposure. Conclusion: Families can be educated about the potential consequences of screen time and strategies to reduce screen use. In trainings, families in the risk group should be given priority in terms of factors affecting screen time such as income status, education level and age.

Evaluation of the impact of land use ratios and cover materials in settlement design on stormwater runoff

Due to higher levels of urbanization and increasing impermeable hard land covers, green spaces are decreasing, resulting in stormwater loss as surface runoff instead of being absorbed by soil and reintroduced into the water cycle. This study investigates the effect of land use ratios and land cover materials resulting from settlement design on surface runoff volume. The study was conducted using various scenarios in 9 settlements with different land use ratios, including roofs, sidewalks, parking areas, roadways, and green areas in Istanbul, a city with a high urbanization rate. Thus, surface runoff volume in settlements depending on the land use ratios was evaluated. A total of 336 material combinations were developed using various material alternatives in addition to different land use ratios. Therefore, the effect of different land cover materials used in the settlements on surface runoff volume was also evaluated. Study requirements were taken into consideration when choosing the calculation method, and the Rational Method, often preferred for calculating surface runoff volumes in small urban basins, was chosen. According to the calculation results obtained from the settlements developed for this study, surface runoff volume can be reduced by 37.10 % by increasing only the green space ratio and by 67.65 % by using different material alternatives in the same settlement. Additionally, it was observed that each improvement made to reduce surface runoff in settlements resulted in a positive change.

Evaluation of Qualifications of Emergency Assembly Areas in Istanbul using the Spherical Fuzzy MAIRCA Process

Disasters are inevitable facts of life. It is difficult to deal with disasters and emergencies because of the uncertainties they contain. Managing disasters and emergencies requires integrity with before and after processes. No matter how well-informed people may be when faced with a disaster, they may not act consciously due to the shock of the event, fear and anxiety. Therefore, the recovery phase after a disaster is very important. In the presented paper, meeting areas after a disaster for Istanbul, which is one of the closest witnesses of the earthquake reality, were examined. The motivation of the paper is to evaluate the assembly areas in Istanbul on the basis of all districts under expert opinions and to compare and rank the suitability of the currently existing emergency assembly areas for the expected major Istanbul earthquake. This ranking was made by the help of the fuzzy logic integration of the Multi Attributive Ideal Real Comparative Analysis (MAIRCA) method, which is one of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques (MCDM). It is thought that this ranking will be useful in revealing the current situation of the districts and raising awareness. As far as is known, according to the results obtained from the paper in which the spherical fuzzy logic integrated MAIRCA technique was used for the first time, Kadıköy district was determined as the district with the best conditions assembly areas.

Impact of Soluble and Exchangeable Concentrations of Elements in Surface Sediments from Recreational Areas on Culturable Bacterial Behaviors

Contamination of major and trace elements in sediments is a global concern due to their potential risks to organisms. Bacteria also play vital roles in ecosystem processes and human health. However, the environmental adaptation of bacterial species due to human activities remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, surface sediments were collected from 12 recreational areas in Istanbul, Türkiye. Major and trace elements were determined in soluble and exchangeable fractions of sediments using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In addition, viability and primary biochemical and oxidative markers (protein, antioxidant, and lipid peroxidase) of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa were assessed with exposure to soluble and exchangeable fractions of sediments from 1 to 42 h. The results showed that Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Al were present at average concentrations of 1254.1 ± 574.5, 234857.0 ± 126335.7, 109960.3 ± 73248.6, 201343.0 ± 84426.4, 124.0 ± 77.1, 129.5 ± 82.4, 36.0 ± 22.8, 25.2 ± 32.8, 26.3 ± 16.4, and 186.5 ± 76.7 mg/kg, respectively. The bacterial responses to the soluble and exchangeable fractions of sediments showed that approximately 27% of Staphylococcus aureus exhibited inhibition at short exposures; the inhibition levels were 14% to 34% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the inhibition decreased and no specific viability changes were observed at longer exposures compared to controls. The viability of bacteria is explained by the protein, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation with moderate and strong correlations. The bacterial responses were evaluated using elemental concentrations, and adaptation was explained by the correlation results.

Drivers of socio-spatial change in Istanbul: Historical and longitudinal analysis of 5 cases from Bakırköy

This article aims to reveal the social and spatial change in Bakırköy through time and to identify the drivers behind this transformation. Bakırköy has been chosen as it hosted the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires, leading to its multicultural and layered structure. It has been influenced by the dominant features of each era, shaping socio-economic changes, spatial transformations, and urban planning practices over the historical process. The interaction of these socio-spatial elements within Bakırköy encompasses broad themes such as social differentiation, economic change, and urban governance, thereby presenting case studies to examine the dynamics of urban areas in Istanbul. The research has been conducted at two levels. First, spatial changes were examined through relevant documents, literature, and historical maps. The periods were determined as the state-led development period (1923-1950), liberalization period (1950-1980), neoliberal transformation period (1980-2000), and globalization period (post-2000), with the pre-1923 period being considered separately. Subsequently, five case studies were selected to represent different functional land use at the local level. The first case study involves an area known as the İskender Çelebi Farm in the 17th century, which was chosen to represent the transformation from a food production area to industrial production in the 18th century and has become a mass housing area in the 20th century, now known as the Ataköy districts. The second and third case studies represent the transformation from industrial production areas in the 19th and early 20th centuries to residential, tourism, and shopping areas. The fourth case study focuses on the coastal strip, which was used as a public space for ‘sea baths’ in the 19th century and today exists as luxury housing projects under private ownership. The fifth case study involves an area that served as an airport in the early 20th century and is currently planned for a hospital and green spaces, although it remains a public service.Through these cases, which demonstrate the shift from the productional use of space to consumption, the study seeks to answer the following questions: First, how do demographic and economic changes play a significant role in the differentiation of urban space, and in a related context, what is the local-scale impact of changing policies on the functional change of the selected cases? The findings reveal that industrial investments, supported by transportation investments, choose their locations in the changing/transforming economic order. The decentralization of industry and the privatization or transformation of public investments into consumption-focused urban areas through public-private partnerships have also been observed. The study aims to prove that this change in space lays the groundwork for social differentiation.

Examining the Tourism and Recreation Potential of Istanbul Neşet Suyu Nature Park in Terms of Conservation ond Usage Principles

The global increase in urban population and the growth of urban areas have led to a growing need for recreation in urban areas. However, unplanned and unregulated growth of cities causes damage to both their ecological assets and natural resources in the surrounding rural areas. Global climate change has already threatened the world and our natural resources, making the support, preservation, and transmission of ecosystems in urban and rural areas increasingly important every day. In the ranking of forest assets per capita, Istanbul is 78th out of 81 provinces in our country. Therefore, it is essential that forest assets and in-forest recreation areas in Istanbul are used in a more qualified and planned manner compared to other provinces. In this study, one of Istanbul's most important in-forest recreation areas, Neşet Suyu Nature Park, was observed and evaluated through field observations and a survey, considering its existing assets. Neşet Suyu Nature Park, one of the nine nature parks in Belgrad Forest located within the borders of Sarıyer district in Istanbul, is an important recreational area with visitor potential throughout the year, frequently chosen by people. In line with the evaluation results, recommendations have been made to increase the usage potential by prioritizing the preservation of the area's natural and ecological assets to enhance the current usage towards a more qualitative state.

The Impact of Passages on Street Connectivity in Commercial Areas: The case of Besiktas market area in Istanbul

Els passatges, entesos com una tipologia constructiva important i convencional del teixit urbà estan a punt de desaparèixer a les actuals ciutats globalitzades. Investigacions prèvies assumeixen teòricament que els passatges faciliten el flux continu als espais públics, afavoreixen l’accessibilitat i milloren la vitalitat del carrer. Tot i això, no hi ha evidència suficient que demostri el seu potencial millorant la connectivitat dels espais. Aquest estudi té com a objectiu investigar com els passatges afecten físicament i visualment la connectivitat dels carrers i, per tant, com milloren la integració espacial a les xarxes d’aquests. L’estudi de camp es va dur a terme a petita escala a l’àrea d’un mercat comercial on hi ha molts passatges interconnectats. La metodologia utilitzada combina una anàlisi gràfica visual, axial i segmentària de la sintaxi espacial; amb una observació sistemàtica del volum de vianants i les opcions de ruta. Les nostres troballes suggereixen que els passatges augmenten tant la connectivitat física i visual com la integració espacial en proporcionar moltes rutes diverses, curtes i alternatives per al moviment dins de la xarxa de carrers. Tot i això, les troballes també van mostrar que l’ús efectiu dels passatges està predominantment associat a alguns dels seus atributs espacials. En aquest sentit, sempre que els passatges tinguin corredors curts i directes que proporcionen connexions en diferents direccions, contribuiran a l’accessibilitat dels carrers i a la vitalitat de les ciutats. Passages, an important and conventional building typology of the urban fabric, are about to disappear in today's globalized cities. Previous research theoretically assumes that passages allow continuous flow of public spaces, support accessibility, and enhance street vitality. However, there is not enough evidence to provide their potential for improving connectivity. This study aims to investigate how passages affect street connectivity physically and visually and thus how they improve spatial integration in street networks. The field study was conducted in a small-scale commercial market area, in which there are many interconnected passages. The methodology consists of axial, segment and visibility graph analyzes of space syntax, and a systematic observation of pedestrian volume and route choices. Our findings suggest that passages increase physical and visual connectivity and spatial integration by providing many diverse, short, and alternative routes for movement within the street network. However, the findings also showed that the effective use of the passages is predominantly associated with their spatial attributes. As long as passages have short and direct corridors, providing connections in different directions, they can contribute to the accessibility of streets and the vitality of cities. Los pasajes, entendidos como una tipología constructiva importante y convencional del tejido urbano están a punto de desaparecer en las actuales ciudades globalizadas. Investigaciones previas asumen teóricamente que los pasajes facilitan el flujo continuo en los espacios públicos, favorecen la accesibilidad y mejoran la vitalidad de la calle. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia suficiente que demuestre su potencial mejorando la conectividad de los espacios. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar cómo los pasajes afectan física y visualmente a la conectividad de las calles y, por lo tanto, cómo mejoran la integración espacial en las redes de las mismas. El estudio de campo se llevó a cabo a pequeña escala en el área de un mercado comercial en el que hay muchos pasajes interconectados. La metodología utilizada combina un análisis gráfico visual, axial y segmentario de la sintaxis espacial; con una observación sistemática del volumen de peatones y las opciones de ruta. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los pasajes aumentan tanto la conectividad física y visual como la integración espacial al proporcionar muchas rutas diversas, cortas y alternativas para el movimiento dentro de la red de calles. No obstante, los hallazgos también mostraron que el uso efectivo de los pasajes está predominantemente asociado a algunos de sus atributos espaciales. En este sentido, siempre que los pasajes cuenten con corredores cortos y directos que proporcionan conexiones en diferentes direcciones, contribuirán a la accesibilidad de las calles y a la vitalidad de las ciudades.

Istanbul Local Government Policy on Managing Syrian Refugees Integration

The integration of Turkish refugees is a policy of harmonizing refugees into society, and the Istanbul local government tries to implement policies in the same direction as the Turkish Central Government. This article examines the policies and role of the Istanbul government in handling Syrian refugees in the Istanbul area in refugee integration. Turkey has been one of the largest recipients and donors of aid for Syrian refugees. Meanwhile, Istanbul has been a place where many migrants live, especially Syrian refugees. This research uses qualitative methods by collecting data through literature studies and descriptive data analysis. The article uses the cosmopolitanism theory to explain how the Istanbul government's policy in accepting refugee arrivals and its intention to help refugees are based on humanitarian principles. The findings showed that the lack of clarity in the Turkish government's general policy, which does not provide general standards and procedures for refugee integration, caused the Istanbul local government to adopt adaptive policies. Health and education are still the main challenges constrained by resources and funds. The assistance the Istanbul government provides Syrian refugees is motivated by humanitarian reasons, where the Istanbul government views Syrian refugees as human beings with the same rights as other Turkish citizens through a cosmopolitanism approach.

Reflections of user satisfaction in public spaces: A structural equation modeling approach at Hasanpaşa Gazhane, Istanbul

This study investigates the factors that influence user satisfaction with public spaces by using structural equation modeling (SEM). The case study focuses on Hasanpa?a Gazhane (Gashouse), a versatile public space located in a central area of Istanbul, attracting a diverse range of individuals from various demographic, social, and economic backgrounds. Using a random sampling technique, 203 face-to-face surveys were conducted to assess users? perceptions of accessibility, use and activity, safety, comfort, and image indicators, as well as user satisfaction. Preliminary data analysis employed exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis methods. Subsequently, the relationship between the identified factors and user satisfaction was analyzed using structural equation modeling in Amos 24 software. The findings indicate that user satisfaction in public places is mostly influenced by the use and activities and image indicators. Accessibility, safety, and comfort factors have a relatively lesser impact on user satisfaction. The results focus on adapting public space design and management techniques to the needs and expectations of the community. This study makes a valuable contribution to the diversification of methodologies used in the study of site-specific attributes within public spaces, with a particular emphasis on optimizing their responsiveness to the needs and expectations of users.

An Example of Kriging Method based on Environmental Temperature for Altitude Mapping Using ArcGIS Software

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how Geographic Information System (GIS) software can be used for geographical interpolation, geostatistical analysis, and the creation of maps using relatively sparse data and highlighting the significance of this software in engineering and decision making. The method used in this study is applying ordinary kriging analysis on a gathered database to develop a variation map with interpolation analysis. The selected Z-values are the altitude and Environmental temperature of the selected zone which can contain a vast range. GIS can recognize and analyze the spatial relationships that exist within digitally stored spatial data. This method can bring ease for collecting data from a location that may have difficulties in visiting and gathering data by hand. By the use of semivariogram which is a graphical representation, and the covariance between every pair of points are used to calculate the spatial relationships between interpolating points. As a result, the final output of ArcGIS is a developed map showing altitude variation in the central area of Istanbul. This option can be used in making complex maps in every desired area by predicting Z-values for all the wanted zone based on the given database. Hence, the utility of GIS can bring a great improvement and ease in decision making and planning in civil engineering branches such as transportation, infrastructure, soil mechanics, and construction.

Determine of Reserve Areas for Urban Transformation Project Areas in Istanbul

İstanbul, deprem riski yüksek bir bölgede yer alması ve önüne geçilemeyen çarpık kentleşmesinden dolayı kentsel dönüşüme sürekli ihtiyacı artan bir kent haline gelmiştir. Doğru ve sürdürülebilir kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları için sürekli çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. 1966 yılında yürürlüğe giren 775 Sayılı Gecekondu Kanunu’nda ilk kez tasfiye alanlarından bahsedilmiştir. Tasfiye alanlarında tekrar yapılaşma sağlanamadığı için bu alanlarda yer alan hak sahiplerinin başka alanlara taşınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul’da kentsel dönüşüm uygulanamayan alanlarda yer alan hak sahiplerinin yerleşebileceği rezerv alanlar tespit edilmiştir. Öncelikle yer seçim kriterleri analitik hiyerarşi yöntemi ile ağırlıklandırılarak, konumsal çakıştırma (weighted overlay) yöntemi kullanılmış ve olası rezerv alanlar belirlenmiştir.

The green divide and heat exposure: urban transformation projects in istanbul

Extreme heat events are happening more frequently and with greater severity, causing significant negative consequences, especially for vulnerable urban populations around the globe. Heat stress is even more common in cities with dense and irregular planning and lacking urban blue-green infrastructures. This study investigates the greening and cooling effects of five selected urban transformation projects and their surrounding areas (within a 10-min walking distance) in Istanbul from 2013 to 2021, with a focus on environmental justice and climate adaptation planning perspectives. By employing temporal analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) values derived from Landsat data sets to detect changes in these five selected urban transformation projects in the megacity of Türkiye, Istanbul, this study finds that the distribution of green infrastructures (e.g., tree canopy) is only limited to project sites of long-running and state-supported urban transformation projects in Istanbul. Consequently, the unequal distribution of green infrastructures creates cooling effects only for the locals residing in the new residential projects. However, the surrounding areas have less urban green infrastructure and are exposed more to the urban heat over time. Urban development policies and planning highly contribute to increasing the climate vulnerabilities among those who do not benefit from the recently developed residential units in Istanbul. Such a trend can affect adaptive capacity of vulnerable communities and redress environmental injustices in urban planning in the megacity of Istanbul.

FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSING PRICES: THE CASE OF ISTANBUL-ATAKOY

Different structural and spatial features such as type of housing unit, age of housing unit, size of housing unit, number of rooms, number of bathrooms, construction quality, heating system, parking lot, quality of public services, proximity to centers, distance to health and education facilities, transportation facilities, crime rate, satisfaction with social activities, landscape, environment, pollution and airport noise affect the prices of the housing units. Atakoy is one of the important residential areas of Istanbul with a high quality of life, due to the richness of its green areas and its urban texture, the closeness to centers, high quality of transportation and urban services. The lack of vacant land, the high demand and the high occupancy rate in the region have increased the housing prices considerably, and the importance of the regional housing market. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of housing unit that may affect the housing prices in Atakoy. In this context, multiple regression analysis has been made with the data which consist of physical information about 149 housing units for sale in the region and it has been examined which features related to the housing unit how much may affect the housing prices.

Changing the image of cities through the eyes of its users : A comparison of two neighbourhoods in close proximity in Istanbul

Increasing concern for the future of cities and for the well-being of their citizens has led in recent years to a greater emphasis on the study of cities from different perspectives. Central to this development has been the growth of research into the relationship between people and their everyday urban environments. Understanding the nature of person–environment relationship is a core part of planning activities. The social, political and economic changes taking place in cities reflect the image of cities. The changes affect the urban environment and have the capacity to transform social and cultural environments. This study aims to investigate how the users of urban environments evaluate changes in two different areas in Istanbul, namely Kozyatağı and Ataşehir, which both have different patterns of development. Although they have common characteristics, Ataşehir has been experiencing a process of planned change and Kozyatağı has been going through a less planned but parcel-based urban transformation process. As for the methodology of this research, quantitative data was collected to reach individuals’ subjective evaluations of their environment, by using face-to-face and Internet questionnaires utilising Likert-type questions. The survey questionnaire was administered to 387 individuals, after a pilot study was conducted in the research area to check the appropriateness of the research methods and questions. The collected data related to the demographic profile of the respondents and their preferences was analysed with SPSS software through descriptive and chi-square analysis. According to the findings of the study, respondents from the planned area Ataşehir care more about their existing environment. Any attempt towards amending the existing plan, in particular new building constructions and new policies, were found to be not welcome, whereas respondents from the organically developed area Kozyatağı seemed to care less about the ongoing changes. Moreover, demographic indicators such as education level, income level and length of stay were found to have an impact on their responses. The results of this study indicated that besides the demographic indicators, satisfaction or dissatisfaction with ongoing changes in the immediate environment depended on the users’ reasons and preference for choosing these areas in which to live or work.

Spatio-temporal distribution of microplastic pollution in surface sediments along the coastal areas of Istanbul, Turkey

Microplastics (MPs) have become prevalent in various environmental compartments, including air, water, and soil, attracting attention as significant pollutant parameters. This study investigated the prevalence of MP pollution in surface sediments along Istanbul's Marmara Sea, encompassing the megacity and the Bosphorus. A comprehensive sampling approach was employed, covering 43 stations across four seasons and depths ranging from 5 to 70 m. The objective was to assess the impact of terrestrial, social, and industrial activities on MPs. The average concentrations varied per season, with fall, winter, spring, and summer values recorded as 2000 ± 4100, 1600 ± 3900, 4300 ± 12,000, and 9500 ± 20,300 particles/kg-DW. The study identified river stations in the Golden Horn and sea discharge locations as hotspots for high concentrations. Notably, the dominant shape shifted from fibers in fall, winter, and spring to fragments during summer, coinciding with mucilage occurrences. The study identified 11 different polymers, with polyethylene (44 %) and polypropylene (31 %) being the most common.

Identity and physical elements in the formation of architecture of traditional bazaars (Case study:Tabriz-covered Bazaar & Istanbul Kapali Charshi)

Bazaars have a special meaning in the countries of the Middle East region, especially Iran and Turkey, which have a deep-rooted history in bazaar construction. No bazaar has been built without a purpose or without considering its performance. Bazaars form the backbone of cities. In addition, the bazaars mentioned in the study, the architecture of the region, reflects the dynamic and progressive internal features called identity. Due to the architectural features of the historical bazaars and their strategic geographical location, they left effective traces on the east-west trade route on the Silk Road. Bazaars with traditional architecture play an important role in the daily life of cities, in the past and today, with their different architectural features. In the research, library, and field research were conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach to understand the features, characteristics, and physical and social relationships in the spatial formation of the selected area in the commercial areas of Tabriz and Istanbul. Analysis was made by considering graphs, tables, or detailed information about architectural spaces.

Detection of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Genome in Questing Ixodes spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. in the Periurban Forestry Areas of Istanbul: Has a New Biorisk Emerged?

Background: Istanbul is one of the world's most densely populated metropolitan cities, with various geographical areas that possess distinct characteristics. These areas have different climates, vegetation, and host populations that can support the survival of diverse tick species. Turkey is a region with a high risk of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) disease, making it crucial to screen for this risk, especially in densely populated regions such as Istanbul and its surrounding areas. However, the presence of potential vectors for CCHF virus (CCHFV) in these areas has not been studied in the past 12 years. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 676 ticks were collected from 6 centers using the flagging and dragging method. Ticks were identified as Ixodes ricinus (7.85%), Ixodes spp. immature form (73.22%), Haemaphysalis parva (0.89%), Haemaphysalis inermis (0.15%), and Haemaphysalis spp. immature form (17.89%). Pooled samples were screened for the CCHFV genome (S segment) by RT-nested PCR. Results: A total of 14.28% of the samples were found as positive. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the CCHFV sequences obtained from the positive samples were clustered in clade V: Europe/Turkey genogroup. Conclusion: This study suggests that ixodes spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. may have the potential to pose a biorisk for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.

How to unravel pathbreaking trajectories in the left‐behind areas of Istanbul?

AbstractEntrepreneurial and growth‐oriented urban development models see left‐behind areas as opportunities in need of redevelopment and upgrading, which can be subjected to speculation. We argue that pathbreaking trajectories emerge during this redevelopment process in distinct ways depending on the adaptive capacity of urban communities and flexibility in the planning practices. Focusing on the squatter areas in Istanbul, we map out pathbreaking trajectories in institutional and policy contexts and unravel societal responses. We conclude that the authoritarian entrepreneurial governance landscape operates in a dual context in which its impacts on re‐politicization of urban communities and their engagement with policy networks can vary.

Analysis of Temporary Shelter Areas of Istanbul Bakırköy District with Remote Sensing Method

Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu Türkiye’deki en aktif tektonik yapılardan biridir. 1894 Büyük İstanbul depremi ve 1999 Kocaeli-Gölcük depremi sonrası Marmara bölgesinde yıkıcı bir deprem meydana gelmemiştir. Bilim insanları tarafından 1894 Büyük İstanbul depremi ve 1999 Kocaeli-Gölcük depremi sonrası Marmara sismik boşluğu boyunca başta İstanbul olmak üzere Marmara bölgesini etkileyecek bir deprem öngörülmektedir. Bu sebeple, beklenen olası İstanbul depremi sonrası kullanılmak üzere geçici barınma alanlarına dair ayrıntılı araştırmalara gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, olası İstanbul deprem sonrası, afetzedelerin kullanabileceği ve ulaşabileceği alanlarının uzaktan algılama ile tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, İstanbul ili Bakırköy ilçesi pilot bölge olarak seçilmiş ve bölgeye ait ortofotolar belediyeden temin edilmiştir. Geçici barınma alanlarının seçiminde sıklıkla kullanılan büyüklük ve kapasite kriterleri pilot alanların tespitinde göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Ortofotolardan nesne tabanlı sınıflandırma sonucu çıkarılan uygun büyüklükteki dört farklı pilot bölgenin kapasiteleri ve bölgelerde kurulacak çadır sayısı ile kalacak kişi sayısı çalışmada tartışılmıştır. İlçenin nüfusu ve bina stoğu göz önüne alındığında belirlenen alanların genişletilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.