Sukuk Issuance Research Articles

Apakah Sukuk Ritel Merupakan Ancaman Bagi penghimpunan Dana Pihak Ketiga Pada Bank Syariah?

This research is a quantitative study that aims to consider the effect of retail sukuk on the collection of third parties funds (TPF) in Indonesian Islamic Banks for 2015 - 2019. The data used are secondary data retrieved from Islamic Banking Statistics Report for shariah commercial and unit shariah bank quarterly. The method is multiple linear regression analysis techniques with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) approach, using TPF as the dependent variable while Retail Sukuk, ROA, Promotion Cost, Inflation and Bi rate as the independent variables. The results shows Retail Sukuk has a negative and significant impact on the collection of TPF which is intended that retail sukuk is causing the decrease of TPF amount in Indonesian Islamic bank. Therefore the Indonesian government needs to review the policies related to retail sukuk issuance in order to synergize with the development of Islamic Banks. Other results indicate that ROA and promotion costs have positive and significant influance for TPF collection in Indonesian Islamic bank while BI rate is the opposite.

The Determinants of Sovereign Sukuk Issuance from Organization of Islamic Cooperation Members

The objective of this study is to analyze the factor of uncertain macroeconomics condition on the issuance of sovereign using four indicators, economic growth, inflation, exchange rate, and the money supply. The data is analyzed using the Fixed Effect Panel Regression Model. The finding of this study shows that partially, economic growth, exchange rate, and money supply have a positive and significant effect on the issuance of sovereign sukuk. However, only inflation shows a negative and significant effect on the issuance of sovereign sukuk. This means that inflation is inversely proportional to the issuance of sovereign sukuk. The increase in inflation will lower the issuance of sovereign sukuk and vice versa. The result of F-test finds that simultaneously economic growth, inflation, exchange rate, and money supply have a significant effect on the issuance of sovereign sukuk.

Potensi dan Strategi Penerbitan Blue Sukuk

The implementation of a deficit budget policy encourages the government to innovate sources of financing. Among these innovations is the issuance of Sukuk Negara. The role of the Sukuk Negara to be encouraged in order to make a greater contribution to development. On the other side the Government is also faced with realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2030. One of the seventeen development goals is to protect marine resources. The challenges of sustainable development on the other hand become an opportunity for the Government to develop financing instruments for the marine sector. This challenge is an opportunity for the issuance of Blue Sukuk. Researchers examined the opportunity for the issuance of Blue Sukuk by using two methods, namely Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) and Strength Weakness Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) Analysis. Comparison of benefits and costs in the RIA method resulting in values> 1 means that the issuance of Blue Sukuk is feasible. While the SWOT analysis shows the strength and opportunity are more dominant than other factors. Based on this, the strategy to be implemented is to identify the absorption capacity of domestic and global financial markets to find out the potential of Blue Sukuk investors.

Economic Structural Reforms and Sovereign Assets-Backed Sukuk in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review

Purpose: The continuous increase in internal debts without the reciprocal implementation of economic reforms proportionately increase the cost of goods for the economic growth of Pakistan, which ultimately caused serious economic problems in an economy. The core purpose of conducting this study is to propose workable /attainable solutions by imposing economic structural reforms and sovereign asset-backed Sukuk to overcome the economic problems of Pakistan.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: This study consist of an In-depth analysis consists of a detailed description of the theory and conceptual framework to support the research objective of this study through a systematic literature review.
 Findings: The Study found that private-public partnerships to be financed through the issuance of sovereign Asset-Backed Sukuk which can ultimately protect investor’s risk.
 Implications/Originality/Value: This study also recommended that by using Assets- Backed Sukuk, an economy can increase in agriculture and industrial goods, increase in exportable goods that support the current account deficit, elimination of unfavorable balance of payments, removal of fiscal deficit and leads towards the sole objective of sustainable economic growth of Pakistan.

ISLAMIC FINANCE IN SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY: EMPOWERMENT OF SUKUK WAKALAH TO BUILD WASTE INDUSTRY

The challenge that Indonesia faces in processing natural and non-biological natural resources is the problem of waste management. High population figures, as well as increased incomes, affect consumption patterns that lead to increased waste generation in Indonesia. It is projected that in 2030 - 2050 waste production will increase, the problem of waste management in Indonesia can be seen from the following indicators, namely the high amount of waste generated, the level of waste management services is still low, limited number of final landfills, waste management institutions and cost problem. To overcome this problem, the issuance of wakalah sukuk as a source of funding for the waste industry center is a solution that can be done by the government. This research uses descriptive analysis research methodology with literature study data collection techniques. In the discussion explained about the concept of sustainable economy and wakalah state sukuk scheme in providing technology procurement financing to the waste processing industry. This research concluded that the wakalah state sukuk could be an alternative financing for technology procurement for the waste industry in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the company so that it is more environmentally sound and appropriate with SDG's.

Pengaruh Total Assets Dan Total Assets Turnover Terhadap Rating Sukuk Dengan Return On Assets Sebagai Variabel Intervening Studi Pada Sukuk Korporasi Di Indonesia Tahun 2016-2018

Sukuk Rating is a standard that reflects the ability of Sukuk issuers and their willingness to pay principal payments according to schedule. This study aims to determine the effect of Total Assets and Total Assets Turnover on Sukuk Ratings with Return on Assets as Intervening Variables. The population of this study is all corporate Sukuk that circulated in Indonesia from 2016 to 2018. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling techniques, with a sample of 33 corporate Sukuk in Indonesia. This research uses the Partial Leats Square (PLS) approach. The results of this study prove that Total Assets have a significant negative effect on Return on Assets. Meanwhile, Total Assets Turnover has a significant positive effect on Return on Assets. Total Assets and Return on Assets partially have a significant positive effect on Sukuk rating. Meanwhile, Total Assets Turnover has no significant negative effect on Sukuk rating. The Return on Assets variable is considered capable of being an intervening variable for the effect of Total Assets and Total Assets Turnover on Sukuk ratings. Although Return on Assets shows an inconsistent mediation effect, the Return on Assets variable also shows a perfect mediating effect for the effect of Total Assets Turnover on Sukuk rating by changing the insignificant effect into a significant effect

Structuring fund for affordable housing investment in Malaysia: an exploratory research

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore potential fund-raising option that can be developed to attract investment in affordable housing initiatives in Malaysia. In doing so, the study undertakes to discuss the viability of the property trust fund structure as an investment vehicle. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a qualitative design that involves the use of semi-structured questionnaires as a data collection strategy. A total number of ten experts were selected for the interview using critical case sampling scheme based on the purposive sampling strategy. Findings The study discovers that a dynamic fund structure – one that allows for the fund to evolve with changing circumstances and needs – can be adopted. This fund structure comprises a fund that can be initially established as a closed-ended fund. Then, with sufficient track record, the fund can be transformed into a public real estate investment trust, with the prospect of tapping into capital market via issuance of sukuk in the future. The fund can also adopt mezzanine structure of funding, which may reduce investors’ risks with minimal government intervention. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study illustrate the potential of fund-raising options from the perspective of institutional investors and regulators. Future research could explore government’s view and focus on the policy options. Practical implications The findings may provide valuable insight into alternative fund-raising options for affordable housing projects for policymakers and investment banks. Social implications The fund-raising options incorporate minimal government participation yet pose low risks to investors, creating a low-risk asset suitable for social investment. Originality/value This study outlines the mechanism to increase affordable housing supply in the market, by attracting institutional investors to invest in this dynamic fund structure initiative. As there are limited discussions on attracting funding for affordable housing developments, it is hoped that this paper will spark further debate and discussion among the academicians and policymakers.

Which firms do prefer Islamic debt? An analysis and evidence from global sukuk and bonds issuing firms

The Islamic debt instrument sukuk has been in the market for two decades; still, we do not know why a firm prefers an Islamic debt over conventional debt, set aside religiosity issue. We argue there is a genuine reason to choose Islamic debt because it has lighter indebtedness, benefits of avoiding external monitoring, and tax incentives. Based on the cross-country data for 346 firms issuing dollar-denominated global sukuk and bonds, we find that firms that prefer Islamic debt and issue sukuk are financially more unstable, and thus exposing to higher insolvency risk as compared to bond issuing firms.

Tokenization of sukuk: Ethereum case study

Sukuk is a financial instrument that provides returns similar to conventional bonds. It has served to cater to the capital requirements of big corporations and governments, while circumventing interest to adhere to the Shariah law. Sukuk can be touted as Shariah-compliant bonds that rank among the most successful and the fastest growing financial instrument in the Islamic economy. The sukuk research area is marked by a dearth of quantitative literature, compared to qualitative academic work. This paper seeks to fill this existing gap, and introduces a novel, exploratory analysis of sukuk tokenization based on a case study. The funding needs of small and medium enterprises remains largely unmet through sukuk on account of the high costs involved, among other reasons. As we show in this paper, blockchains can aid to lower the cost incurred through the tokenization of sukuk. We highlight some of the key challenges involved in the issuance of sukuk and discuss their resolution using blockchain. We also provide a taxonomy of blockchain applications in finance, with a particular focus on Islamic finance. Our paper reviews different blockchain architectures to assess their viability for tokenization. We conduct a novel case study on sukuk tokenization by implementing a basic smart contract for Sukuk al-Murabaha on Ethereum. The paper concludes by a conceptual analysis of feasibility concerns, based on a comparison of the conducted cost-benefit analysis of conventional sukuk issuance with tokenization.

Investor Reactions on Emitents Who Published Corporate Sukuk Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study applied an event study approach (event study). The event tested the announcement of Sukuk emissions and market reactions as indicated by the existence of a significant Abnormal Return on the date of Sukuk emissions and it changed within the activity of Stock Trader of the Corporation Sukuk Issuer. Observation period between 2009-2018, there was 129 Sukuk emissions in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The number of samples taken was 26 emissions of Sukuk which make emissions from 12 issuers that met the set criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, independent t-test, t-paired test, and regression analysis. Furthermore, the data were processed using IBM SPSS for Windows Software. The results showed that there was a difference in Average Abnormal Return (AAR) before and after the announcement of Sukuk emissions. However, the average value of the difference was not statistically significant. There was a positive market reaction on Average Abnormal Return (AAR) before the announcement of Sukuk emissions. There was a positive market reaction on Average Abnormal Return (AAR) after the announcement of Sukuk emissions. There were differences in the Average Trading Volume Activity (ATVA) before and after the announcement of Sukuk emissions. However, the average value of the difference was not statistically significant. There was a significant market reaction on Average Trading Volume Activity (ATVA) before the announcement of Sukuk emissions. There was a significant market reaction of Average Trading Volume Activity (ATVA) after the announcement of Sukuk emissions. Furthermore, this study also found that Sukuk to Equity Ratio (SER) had a positive effect, but not significantly on the level of Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Earning per Share (EPS), but it was not significant. These insignificant effects of SER on the issuer's ROA, ROE and EPS were caused by the relatively small proportion of Sukuk value compared to the value of assets and company equity.

The Influence of Macroeconomics Indicators to The Growth of Sukuk in Indonesia

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of macroeconomic on the growth of Islamic bonds (sukuk) in Indonesia period 2013.1-2016.12. This study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method with a monthly time series starting from January 2013 until December 2016. The results of this study indicate that the Production Index (IP) and Bank Indonesia Syariah Certificate (BSBIS) variables positively and significantly affect the development of state sukuk issuance in Indonesia, then inflation negatively and significantly affects the development of state sukuk issuance, while the JII variable negatively and does not significantly affect the development of state sukuk issuance in Indonesia.</em></p>

Distance to default of Malaysian Corporate Sukuk Issuers: A Differential Study for Different Economic Sectors

The Malaysia enjoys the monetary and non-monetary benefits for being the sukuk hub for globe. Malaysian market has already suffered much from defaults. To save them from future defaults the periodic update must be taken for the closeness of defaults. This study calculated distance to default (DD) for 231 observations for the time period of 2011-2017 in the post-crisis era. It was noted that the sukuk issuers are although diverse in their credit profiles, on the aggregate most of them are having strong level of assets to absorb their liability pay-offs. The DD values were at highest level for logistics, industrial goods, manufacturing, real estate and construction and lowest in energy sector. Directions for future research were also discussed in concluding part of this paper.

Les Sukuk souverains : une réelle alternative pour le financement des infrastructures en Afrique subsaharienne ?

Le marché des obligations islamiques a déjà prouvé son intérêt comme une source de financement viable pour les secteurs privé et public. Il connaît depuis dix ans une très forte croissance, aussi bien dans le monde musulman qu'ailleurs. Les obligations islamiques sont des instruments flexibles qui peuvent être une réelle alternative au financement des projets d'infrastructure du continent africain. Récemment, plusieurs pays du continent ont adopté ce type d'instruments et d'autres ont annoncé leur volonté d'en émettre. Cependant, plusieurs défis restent à surmonter pour que l'émission de Sukuk en Afrique subsaharienne devienne une alternative viable. Cet article présente les progrès réalisés en termes d'émissions de Sukuk . Il présente également les avantages d'un tel instrument pour le financement des projets d'infrastructure et les défis, juridiques et techniques, qui restent à surmonter en Afrique. Classification JEL : G23, G28, O16, 055.

Risk and Return of Retail Sukuk and Retail Bond in Indonesia Period 2008-2017 (Comparative Study)

Sukuk and Bonds has differences and similarities. Fundamental differences between sukuk and bonds are first, underlying asset in every sukuk issuance, concept of profit loss sharing and the use of Islamic contracts. Whereas conducted research in practice of differences between sukuk and bonds are still an on-going discussion. This study aims to add the evidence in the discussion regarding whether there is differences between sukuk and bonds in the world of practice, provide investment preferences as well as educating investors in choosing sukuk or bonds as a sustainable and smooth instrument. The method used is Mann Whitney U-Test to test whether there is a different between yield to maturity (return) and standard deviation (risk) of both instruments. Using secondary data of Retail Sukuk (SR) and Retail Bonds (ORI) period 2008-2017 obtained from Indonesia Stock Exchange, Indonesia Bond Market Directory and Indonesia Bond Pricing Agency. The result shows that there is no significance difference of retail sukuk return and risk with retail bonds in Indonesia. Besides retail bonds are show higher return than retail sukuk because of higher coupon and longest mature date. While, retail sukuk is more stable rather than bonds as it backed up by the real underlying asset.
 
 Keywords: Retail Sukuk (SR), Retail Bonds (ORI), Yield to Maturity

Credit Risk in Asset Based Sukuk

Purpose: This study is intended to find the credit risks in Asset based Sukuk. The risk of default of Sukuk is called a credit risk. Various risks regarding the Sukuk have been identified.
 Limitations/Implications: The study focuses on the Sukuk issuances of Pakistan. In the current scenario of Pakistan and the need to finance the Diameer Bahasha Dam and Naya Pakistan Housing Program Sukuk is an attractive option. Pakistan has yet not overcome the energy shortfall, and the environment of Pakistan has been effected by the global changes so for the adoption of cleantech green Sukuk is a most appropriate option.
 Originality/ Value: There has been a significant contribution of Pakistan in the issuance of Sukuk activity and there are Sukuk defaults too. Yet, in Pakistan the research on Sukuk has not been done. So this study shall add to the literature in Pakistan.

Earnings management around Islamic bonds issuance

We examine whether the religious values underlying Islamic bonds influence issuers’ financial reporting behavior. Using a sample of 1316 sukuk tranches issued by publicly listed firms in Malaysia from 2001 to 2014, we find sukuk issuers overstate their earnings in the year preceding sukuk offerings, and in the year subsequent to the offering. We also examine the influence of religious values associated with the parties involved in sukuk issuance on issuers’ earnings management. Our results show that a Muslim-dominated board is associated with less earnings management, supporting the idea of Islamic business ethics.

Blockchain Based Smart Sukuk as Shariah Compliant Investment Avenues for Islamic Financial Institutions in Pakistan

The biggest challenge for the Islamic banking industry in Pakistan is the scarcity of Shariah-compliant investment instruments and the absence of a lender of last resort (LOLR) facility for Islamic banks. Due to the problem of surplus liquidity, returns for Islamic banks in Pakistan are lower as compared to the conventional counterparts putting them at a competitive disadvantage with respect to their competitor conventional banks. Sukuk issuance is associated with a high cost of issuance and legal complexity, problems that could be solved by the application of blockchain technology. With the advent of cryptocurrency and developments around blockchain, technology experts, industry professionals along with Shariah scholars have been working to introduce FinTech in Shariah-compliant financing products and services. This research applies a qualitative approach. The study relies on primary data from interviews and secondary data from published sources, academic journals, government and private-sector reports, and public domain including newspaper articles, and websites. Interviews are conducted from blockchain technology experts along with banking \& commerce industry professionals. This study highlights financial instability, lack of financial education and absence of political will being the main reasons for low Sukuk issuance in Pakistan. This study proposes a low-cost smart Sukuk structure to address the liquidity problem of the Islamic banking industry in Pakistan. It is found that smart Sukuk issuance and transaction fees are much lower than the current Sukuk issuances and are expected to be more secure and marketable internationally. Blockchain-based smart Sukuk are practicable to solve the problem of standardization and huge issuance and maintenance cost for the Sukuk industry. The proposed structure could be adopted by governments and organizations to issue Sukuk promising transparent, economical, efficient, and reliable business transactions for both parties.

THE EFFECT OF SUKUK FINANCING AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND CORPORATE VALUE: A STUDY OF SUKUK ISSUER LISTED IN INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE

This research aims to understand what factors will actually affect the corporate to increased profitability and corporate value, especially for the corporate which issuing syariah bonds or sukuk. In particular, the influence of Sukuk bonds funding integrated with the capital structure to the corporate financial performance and value. This research used panel data that processed by Partial Least Square (PLS) method to see the influence of Sukuk funding and capital structure on liquidity, financial performance, and corporate value. Based on this research, it found that there are significant and negative influences of Sukuk funding, to the corporate value, which leads to the conclusion that especially for investors in Indonesia, has a negative opinion and avoided investing in sukuk issuer, which is most likely due to the investor avoiding Negative impact on the corporate dividend distribution. The results of this research are expected to give a new point of view about sukuk funding in Indonesia especially for academics, investors, and government. Practically, the result of this research show that corporate need to make different action and decition between sukuk bonds and conventional financing.

THE EFFECT OF SUKUK FINANCING AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND CORPORATE VALUE: A STUDY OF SUKUK ISSUER LISTED IN INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE

This research aims to understand what factors will actually affect the corporate to increased profitability and corporate value, especially for the corporate which issuing syariah bonds or sukuk. In particular, the influence of Sukuk bonds funding integrated with the capital structure to the corporate financial performance and value. This research used panel data that processed by Partial Least Square (PLS) method to see the influence of Sukuk funding and capital structure on liquidity, financial performance, and corporate value. Based on this research, it found that there are significant and negative influences of Sukuk funding, to the corporate value, which leads to the conclusion that especially for investors in Indonesia, has a negative opinion and avoided investing in sukuk issuer, which is most likely due to the investor avoiding Negative impact on the corporate dividend distribution. The results of this research are expected to give a new point of view about sukuk funding in Indonesia especially for academics, investors, and government. Practically, the result of this research show that corporate need to make different action and decition between sukuk bonds and conventional financing.

Evaluating the Experience of Sukuk Issuance in the World A Comparative Study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Malaysia

This research sought to draw back the veil on the issuance of ṣukūk in the world and to examine it by comparing [the experiences of] Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. This is in order to map the future stage of Islamic ṣukūk issuance so that the instrument can properly develop and become the desired Islamic alternative. The research adopted the descriptive and analytical methods and reached a number of results. The most important is that the performance of ṣukūk in the financial market is somewhat acceptable (as has been established by the standard studies); however it has not risen to the level of the aspirations of the Islamic world nor the level of its potential. Moreover, the overall size and growth rate of ṣukūk have decreased since 2013 CE, and the future trends confirm that this decline will continue until 2030 if the situation continues as is, as evidenced by the outlook study. The study recommends that trading in Islamic financial instruments should be included in the Islamic and international securities markets in order to develop dealing in this market.