Standardization Issues Research Articles

Prof. Nazife Güngör: "Quality assurance is essential to train qualified people"

Üsküdar University Rector Prof. Nazife Güngör brought the issue of quality standards in the quality of scientific knowledge and raising qualified people to her column this week in her weekly articles in 12 Punto.

Increasing the Value of Real-World Crowdsourcing Health Data with e-MetaBio, a Novel Patient-Centric IT Infrastructure

ABSTRACT Introduction Digital health and evolutionary medicine create new insights of mediation and health treatment plan support, introducing crowdsourcing and patients’ real-world data records, so as to promote the development of high-quality healthcare accessible to everyone. Within the scope of its activities Metabio’s team has developed an interoperable unified method and technology for crowd-generated databases, creating a user-friendly platform for data collection, processing, and distribution among stakeholders within the global healthcare system in real time. Methods In this paper we describe standard methodologies, requirements, issues, and challenges for the design and deployment of an advanced IT infrastructure for longitudinal structured patient-related data records, based on a patient-centric model of operation, as well as the difficulties for the development of disease-specific user-prefixed interface for real-world data collection. Results Through a dynamic real-time (DRT) e-consent module and digital rights management protocols, the overall platform enables patients to monitor and manage their disease-related conditions, as well as for healthcare providers and/or research entities to have access to valuable biomedical patient data, not recorded so far. Conclusion The project introduces novel perspectives for future evidence-based practices, promoting research and development and improving current healthcare systems, by using crowd-generated data sources that bring a much higher degree of accuracy and value for the entire healthcare system.

Toward Generalized Artificial Intelligence by Assessment Aggregation With Applications to Standard and Extreme Classifications.

The article proposes a plural learning framework combining the ingredients found in a tribunal for the derivation of a more generalized artificial intelligence (GAI) when starting from a specialized set of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This framework involves at least two different training stages called, respectively, specialization and generalization. In the specialization stage, any CNN considered in a given set learns to predict independently of other elements of the set. In the second stage called generalization, an integration network learns to predict from assessment measures fed by downstream specialized CNNs. The assessment measures considered are categorical softmax probabilities and learning to judge from these assessments relies on independent CNNs. Generalization proof of concepts is provided in terms of multimodel, multimodal, and distributed schemes. The multimodel framework is such that different CNN models operating on the same modality cooperate for decision purpose. The multimodal framework implies specializations of CNN with respect to different input modalities. The distributed framework proposed is associated with assessment exchanges: it such that the aggregation aims at determining relevant joint assessments for mapping a given input to a single or a multiple output category. The performance of these aggregation frameworks is shown to be outstanding for both standard and extreme classification issues.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ В МУЗЕЙНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

This study is devoted to the problem of standardization in museum activities. The article discusses the current issues of standardization of museum activities. The comparative analysis of the current situation in museum institutions indicates the need to develop and apply the principles of standardization. The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities that would eliminate existing problems in this area. The objectives of the study include the analysis of existing problems and ways to solve them. To study the problem, goals and objectives, the authors used empirical and theoretical research methods. The article is based on an analysis of existing research, empirical data and literary sources.

Exploring the Landscape of Indian Traditional Medicine in Rural Tamil Nadu: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Safety Concerns

Indian traditional medicine, encompassing systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, has been deeply rooted in the cultural heritage of the country for centuries. In rural Tamil Nadu, where these traditions have thrived, there exists a rich tapestry of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding traditional medicine. This study aims to delve into the landscape of traditional medicine in rural Tamil Nadu, shedding light on the depth of local knowledge, prevailing attitudes, prevalent practices, and pertinent safety concerns. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative interviews and quantitative assessments, data was collected from diverse rural communities across Tamil Nadu. Findings reveal a nuanced understanding of traditional medicine, deeply intertwined with cultural beliefs and socio-economic factors. Local communities demonstrate a profound knowledge of medicinal plants, formulations, and therapeutic practices passed down through generations. However, alongside this wealth of knowledge, concerns regarding safety, efficacy, and regulation persist. Attitudes toward traditional medicine are multifaceted, reflecting a blend of reverence, skepticism, and pragmatism. While many individuals continue to rely on traditional healers and remedies for primary healthcare needs, others express reservations, citing issues of standardization and scientific validation. Practices vary widely, from home remedies administered by family members to consultations with traditional practitioners and integration with modern healthcare systems. This study explores Indian traditional medicine in rural Tamil Nadu, highlighting safety concerns like adulteration and misidentification of plants. It suggests a comprehensive approach that integrates traditional and modern medicine, ensuring the safety and well-being of rural communities while addressing knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The approach places a strong emphasis on using data and statistics from secondary sources to discuss the article’s subject. It draws attention to how important the current social, political, and economic environment is in shaping the conversation.

Reasons for Introducing Homeworking and Different Perceptions of Homeworking Depending on the Size of the Company

Working from home (homeworking) is currently a much discussed topic and an area of working life that is already becoming a standard issue for employees. Homeworking (HW) provides employees with a very important degree of flexibility and freedom in their work organization and thus represents an important management tool for an effective work-life balance. The ability to work from home has proved essential in the face of the two-year Covid-19 pandemic, which has confronted the whole world and especially business managers. A whole range of work (especially administrative work) moved to employees’ homes very quickly. Homeworking has also become very widespread due to better IT support and online communication capabilities in most businesses and is poised to become even more prevalent in the future. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the aspects that influence the adoption of HW in the Czech Republic and to describe the different perceptions of HW depending on the size of the enterprise. The research was conducted towards the end of 2020 during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The authors managed to collect data from 216 enterprises through a questionnaire survey. Managers as the Covid-19 crisis, the nature of HW-enabling work and the possibility of working most frequently cited the main reasons for HW adoption during light sickness. Important aspects influencing the adoption of HW from managers’ perspectives include the possibility of working in light sickness, the required availability of employees, as well as employee satisfaction and flexibility.

Research status and development trends of omics in neuroblastoma a bibliometric and visualization analysis.

Neuroblastoma (NB), a prevalent extracranial solid tumor in children, stems from the neural crest. Omics technologies are extensively employed in NB, and We analyzed published articles on NB omics to understand the research trends and hot topics in NB omics. We collected all articles related to NB omics published from 2005 to 2023 from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Subsequently, we conducted analyses using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Bibliometrix, and the Bibliometric online analysis platform (https://bibliometric.com/ ). We included a total of 514 articles in our analysis. The increasing number of publications in this field since 2020 indicates growing attention to NB omics, gradually entering a mature development stage. These articles span 50 countries and 1,000 institutions, involving 3,669 authors and 292 journals. The United States has the highest publication output and collaboration with other countries, with Germany being the most frequent collaborator. Capital Medical University and the German Cancer Research Center are the institutions with the highest publication count. The Journal of Proteome Research and the Journal of Biological Chemistry are the most prolific journal and most co-cited journal, respectively. Wang, W, and Maris, JM are the scholars with the highest publication count and co-citations in this field. "Neuroblastoma" and "Expression" are the most frequent keywords, while "classification," "Metabolism," "Cancer," and "Diagnosis" are recent key terms. The article titled "Neuroblastoma" by John M. Maris is the most cited reference in this analysis. The continuous growth in NB omics research underscores its increasing significance in the scientific community. Omics technologies have facilitated the identification of potential biomarkers, advancements in personalized medicine, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Despite these advancements, the field faces significant challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, data standardization issues, and the translation of research findings into clinical practice.

An Exploratory Study of Manfaʿah (Usufruct) in Ijārah Accounting from the Sharīʿah Perspective

Purpose — The recording and reporting of usufruct in ijārah (lease) financing is a major issue in both conventional and Islamic accounting standards. The International Accounting Standard (IAS-17) was revised and replaced by the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS-16) to address this issue. In response, the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) revised and issued a new ijārah Financial Accounting Standards (FAS-32). Considering this ongoing issue, the aim of this study is to explore māl (asset) and milkīyah (ownership) as the two significant Sharīʿah dimensions of manfaʿah (usufruct) in ijārah accounting. Design/Methodology/Approach — This study adopts the qualitative research methodology and uses the content analysis technique whereby secondary data was collected from the related books of Islamic fiqh (jurisprudence) as well as from the accounting and Sharīʿah standards of ijārah. Findings — The study found that manfaʿah is a māl and as per the milkīyah structure, the lessee can represent legal ownership of the leased assets under his possession, and accordingly, manfaʿah could be registered in the lessee’s name. Originality/Value — To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this study constitutes the first of its kind in the existing literature that focuses specifically on the Sharīʿah perspective of usufruct in ijārah accounting. Practical Implications — The findings of this study contribute to help financial and Sharīʿah experts and Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) in their understanding of manfaʿah and the adoption and implementation of the new ijārah accounting standard. This study will also help researchers in their future research.

The Present Situation and Development Trend of Maternal and Infant Nursing Industry

In this paper, the status quo and development trend of maternal and child care industry were deeply studied. First, it analyzes the industry overview, market size and structure, as well as current problems, such as product quality and safety issues, service standardization and professionalism issues, and imperfect supervision. Then, it discusses the changing trend of consumer demand, the impact of technological and scientific progress on the industry, and the impact and guidance of policies and regulations. Then, the future development opportunities and challenges of the maternal and child care industry are analyzed, including the impact of China's population structure and fertility policy, consumption upgrading and international market development and cooperation opportunities. Finally, strategic suggestions are put forward to improve product quality and safety, strengthen industry norms and supervision mechanisms, promote product innovation and service upgrading, and strengthen cooperation and international exchanges. The conclusion of this study provides a useful reference for the sustainable development of maternal and child care industry.

On integration with respect to filter

This article is devoted to the study of one generalization of the Riemann integral. Namely, in the paper, it was observed that the classical definition of the Riemann integral over a finite segment as a limit of integral sums, when the diameter of the division of the segment tends to zero, can be replaced by a limit of integral sums over a filter of sets, which can be described in a certain "good way". This idea was continued, and in the work we propose a new concept - the integral of a function over a filter on the set of all tagged partitions of a segment. Using of filters is a very good method in questions related to convergence or some of its analogues in general topological vector spaces. Namely, if the space is non-metrizable, then the concept of convergence is introduced precisely with the help of filters. Also, using filters, you can formulate the concept of completeness and its analogues. The completeness of spaces is one of the central concepts of the theory of topological vector spaces, since Banach spaces are complete. That is, using a generalization of the completeness of spaces constructed using filters, we can explore various generalizations of Banach spaces. We study standard issues related to integration. For example, does the integrability of the filter function imply its boundedness? The answer to this question is affirmative. Namely: the concept of filter boundedness of a function is introduced, and it is shown that if a function is integrable over filter, then its integral sums are bounded over the filter, and this function itself is bounded in the classical sense. Next, we showed that the filter integral satisfies the linearity property, namely, the integral over filter of the sum of two functions is the sum of the filter integrals of these functions. In addition, we can to subtract the constant factor from the sign of the integral over filter. We introduce the concept of an exactly tagged filter, and with the help of such filters we study the filter integrability of unbounded functions on a segment. We give an example of a specific unbounded function and a specific filter under which this function is integrable. Next, we prove a theorem that describes unbounded filter-integrable functions on a segment. The last section of the article is devoted to the integration of functions relative to the filter on a subsegment of this segment.

Prospects for the supply of weapons from the US, the eu and the United Kingdom to Ukraine

This study examines the prospects of arms supplies from the United States, the EU and the United Kingdom to Ukraine in the context of the ongoing military conflict. The paper analyzes the issue of expanding the nomenclature, up to the provision of American-made jet aircraft complexes, the supplied equipment and the process of transition from stocks of military equipment both produced by NATO and the Soviet model to newly produced samples. The problem of the impact of a special military operation on the defense industry of London, Washington and Brussels is considered separately. There is a tendency to increase the value of shares of defense companies and their profits. The paper concludes that the increase in military production with the further course of the conflict and the supply of weapons will grow both quantitatively and qualitatively. In addition, the existing problems of the defense industry of the United States, Great Britain and the European Union in the current period are revealed - the high cost of products, issues of standardization with Soviet weapons, its complexity in using and training personnel. The main conclusion of the work can be called the statement of a significant time required for the deployment of mass industrial production.

Edge AI for Internet of Energy: Challenges and perspectives

The digital landscape of the Internet of Energy (IoE) is on the brink of a revolutionary transformation with the integration of edge Artificial Intelligence (AI). This comprehensive review elucidates the promise and potential that edge AI holds for reshaping the IoE ecosystem. Commencing with a meticulously curated research methodology, the article delves into the myriad of edge AI techniques specifically tailored for IoE. The myriad benefits, spanning from reduced latency and real-time analytics to the pivotal aspects of information security, scalability, and cost-efficiency, underscore the indispensability of edge AI in modern IoE frameworks. As the narrative progresses, readers are acquainted with pragmatic applications and techniques, highlighting on-device computation, secure private inference methods, and the avant-garde paradigms of AI training on the edge. A critical analysis follows, offering a deep dive into the present challenges including security concerns, computational hurdles, and standardization issues. However, as the horizon of technology ever expands, the review culminates in a forward-looking perspective, envisaging the future symbiosis of 5G networks, federated edge AI, deep reinforcement learning, and more, painting a vibrant panorama of what the future beholds. For anyone vested in the domains of IoE and AI, this review offers both a foundation and a visionary lens, bridging the present realities with future possibilities.

Smart Home Automation

Home automation, fueled by advancements in technology, has evolved into a transformative paradigm, reshaping the way we interact with and manage our living spaces. This paper explores the multifaceted landscape of home automation, investigating the integration of smart devices, sensors, and intelligent control systems to create residences that are not only interconnected but also adaptive and responsive to the needs of their occupants. With a focus on enhancing convenience, energy efficiency, and security, home automation technologies offer innovative solutions for everyday tasks. This abstract delves into the fundamental components of home automation, examining the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, artificial intelligence, and user interfaces. It also explores the challenges and considerations associated with widespread adoption, including issues of privacy, interoperability, and standardization. As the field continues to evolve, this research contributes insights into the current state of home automation, its impact on daily living, and the potential for future development in creating intelligent, user-centric living environments.

Mimicking Clinical Trials with Synthetic Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Using Generative Artificial Intelligence

Data sharing is often hindered by concerns of patient privacy, regulatory aspects, and proprietary interests thereby impeding scientific progress and establishing a gatekeeping mechanism in clinical medicine since obtaining large data sets is costly and time-consuming. We employed two different generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies: CTAB-GAN+ and Normalizing Flows (NFlow) to synthesize clinical trial data based on pooled patient data from four previous multicenter clinical trials of the German Study Alliance Leukemia (AML96, AML2003, AML60+, SORAML) that enrolled adult patients (n=1606) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received intensive induction therapy. As a generative adversarial network (GAN), CTAB-GAN+ consists of two adversarial networks: a generator producing synthetic samples from random noise and a discriminator aiming to distinguish between real and synthetic samples. The model converges as the discriminator can no longer reliably differentiate between real or synthetic data. Contrastingly, NFlow consists of a sequence of invertible transformations (flows) starting from a simple base distribution and gradually adding complexity to better mirror the training data. Both models were trained on tabular data including demographic, laboratory, molecular genetic and cytogenetic patient variables. Detection of molecular alterations in the original cohort was performed via next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the TruSight Myeloid Sequencing Panel (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) with a 5% variant-allele frequency (VAF) mutation calling cut-off. For cytogenetics, standard techniques for chromosome banding and fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) were used. Hyperparameter tuning of generative models was conducted using the Optuna Framework. For each model, we used a total of 70 optimization trials to optimize a custom score inspired by TabSynDex which assesses both the resemblance of the synthetic data to real training data and its utility. Pairwise analyses were conducted between the original and both synthetic data sets, respectively. All tests were carried out as two-sided tests using a significance level α of 0.05. Table 1 summarizes baseline patient characteristics and outcome for both synthetic cohorts compared to the original cohort. Firstly, we found both models to adequately represent patient features, albeit that some individual variables showed a statistically significant deviation from the original cohort. It is important to note that for such a large sample size (n=1606 for each cohort), even miniscule differences can be rendered statistically significant notwithstanding any meaningful clinical difference. Interestingly, variables that deviated from the original distribution were different for both models indicating model architecture to play a vital role in sample representation: While CTAB-GAN+ showed significant deviations for both age and sex, NFlow showed significant deviations for AML status. Complete remission rate was similar between original (70.7%, odds ratio [OR]: 2.41) and CTAB-GAN+ (73.7%, OR: 2.81, p=0.059) and NFlow (69.1%, OR: 2.24, p=0.356). For event-free survival (EFS), which was not included as a target in hyperparameter tuning, both networks deviated significantly from the original cohort (original: median 7.2 months, HR: 1.36; CTAB-GAN+: median 12.8 months, HR 0.74, p<0.001; NFlow: median 9.0 months, HR: 0.87, p=0.001). Overall survival (OS) was well represented by NFlow compared to the original cohort, while CTAB-GAN+ showed a significant deviation (original: median 17.5 months, HR: 1.14; CTAB-GAN+: median 19.5 months, HR 0.88, p<0.001; NFlow: median 16.2 months, HR: 1.00, p=0.055). Both models showed an adequate graph representation in Kaplan-Meier analysis (Figure 1). Here, we demonstrate using two different generative AI technologies that synthetic data generation provides an attractive solution to circumvent issues in current standards of data collection and sharing. It effectively allows for bypassing logistical, organizational, and financial burdens, as well as regulatory and ethical concerns. Ultimately, this enables explorative research inquiries into previously inaccessible data sets and offers the prospect of fully synthetic control arms in prospective clinical trials.

From Theory to Practice: A Multidimensional Optimization Method for Improving the Charging Efficiency of Electric Vehicles

This paper focuses on the optimization of dynamic wireless charging technology for electric vehicles to address challenges such as long charging time and few charging locations. The research covers transmit and receive unit optimization, system and power management improvements, and the impact of environmental conditions on charging efficiency. In terms of the optimization of transmitting and receiving devices, the paper discusses the optimization of power, frequency and directivity to improve the energy transmission distance and efficiency. In terms of system and power management optimization, energy loss is reduced through methods such as magnetic disc structure improvement, and the importance of proper power management for battery life and charging safety is emphasized. In addition, the influence of environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, and distance) on charging efficiency is also elaborated. High temperature, high humidity and long distance may affect the system performance. The paper puts forward some countermeasures for these effects, such as heat dissipation design, humidity cancellation technology and signal processing technology. However, further field validation and technical, cost and standard issues need to be resolved to achieve commercial application of the technology.

Recent Advances in Organic Dyes for Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells under Indoor Lighting Conditions

Among the emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) appear especially interesting in view of their potential for unconventional PV applications. In particular, DSSCs have been proven to provide excellent performances under indoor illumination, opening the way to their use in the field of low-power devices, such as wearable electronics and wireless sensor networks, including those relevant for application to the rapidly growing Internet of Things technology. Considering the low intensity of indoor light sources, efficient light capture constitutes a pivotal factor in optimizing cell efficiency. Consequently, the development of novel dyes exhibiting intense absorption within the visible range and light-harvesting properties well-matched with the emission spectra of the various light sources becomes indispensable. In this review, we will discuss the current state-of-the-art in the design, synthesis, and application of organic dyes as sensitizers for indoor DSSCs, focusing on the most recent results. We will start by examining the various classes of individual dyes reported to date for this application, organized by their structural features, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. On the basis of this discussion, we will then draft some potential guidelines in an effort to help the design of this kind of sensitizer. Subsequently, we will describe some alternative approaches investigated to improve the light-harvesting properties of the cells, such as the co-sensitization strategy and the use of concerted companion dyes. Finally, the issue of measurement standardization will be introduced, and some considerations regarding the proper characterization methods of indoor PV systems and their differences compared to (simulated) outdoor conditions will be provided.

THE STANDARD OF PROOF IN INQUESTS: LESSONS FROM MALAYSIA AND OTHER JURISDICTIONS

An inquest, also known as inquiry of death in Malaysia, is governed by the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC). The main objective of an inquest is to investigate the cause of death. However, the lack of established procedures in Malaysia to guide coroners in conducting inquests has created many ambiguities. These ambiguities are demonstrated in numerous cases where decisions have been reviewed on a variety of grounds. One of the critical issues not addressed by the CPC is the standard of proof applicable in inquests. This article aims to study the correct standard of proof to be applied by the coroner at the end of an inquest proceeding. The focus is on the relevant standard of proof at the end of an inquest in Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The research methodology is doctrinal legal research using comparative study. It is found that the standard of proof applied in Australia is settled, that is on the civil standard of balance of probabilities. The development of applicable standards of proof in inquests in Malaysia and the United Kingdom is observed in case law, which shows a shift from the criminal standard of proof to the civil standard of proof. The authors propose that specific legislation be enacted to govern the coroner’s court in Malaysia, in order to provide a clear and definitive legislative framework as well as guidance in the practice and procedure for coroners, including the issue of standard of proof.

Organizational and economic aspects of standardization of processes in the healthcare system

Introduction. Nowadays standardization is a necessary tool for timely response to challenges and changes, the basis for the work on patient safety, contributes to the control of staff performance, minimizes the risks of medical care.
 Objective. to reveal the managing and economic aspects of standardization of processes in the healthcare system and the correctness of the use of existing regulatory documents as an algorithm for the main processes at the level of structure, at the level of process, at the level of result.
 Materials and methods. By conducting surveys and in-depth interviews, various opinions on the standards of medical care of various interviewed groups were collected: undergraduates of the HSE course “Management and Economics of Healthcare”, as well as groups of territorial fund of compulsory medical insurance medical experts and “high-level” experts. 
 Results. The materials of the sociological survey showed a lack of knowledge, uncertainty and unpreparedness of respondents on the application of standards in the planning and provision of medical care, which indicates a lack of understanding of the use of standardization mechanisms in improving medical care. At the same time, in-depth interviews with “high-level” experts show this management tool to operate.
 Limitations. The research materials are limited to the results of a survey of two groups of respondents 
 (78 people) conducted over the period from 09.2022 to 01.2023.
 Conclusion. The standards can be successfully used in medical care planning, pricing, examinations, as well as training and training of medical personnel. In this regard, it should be concluded that there is a need for further training on the issues of professional development of a wide range of healthcare managers, as well as in the process of training specialists at all levels. As part of the recommendations, it is advisable to provide training for medical personnel on standardization issues, including connection with the examination of the quality and safety of medical care. To develop a methodological approach to improve and use the principle of standardization in the management and provision of medical care.

Surface modification of Nano cellulose: The path to advanced uses of smart and sustainable bio-material

In order to develop sophisticated applications for intelligent and sustainable biomaterials, our work focuses on the surface modification of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose has the ability to be modified to improve its surface characteristics, making it appropriate for a variety of uses in industries including biomedicine, packaging, textiles, and water treatment. There have been discussions on a number of physical and chemical surface modification approaches, including mechanical treatment, high-pressure homogenization, and chemical functionalization. The study also highlights the results of different characterization methods that were employed to examine the surface-modified nanocellulose. The review addresses the difficulties in integrating nanocellulose into many applications, despite its potential, including manufacturing scale-up, standardisation, and toxicity issues. The article's conclusion highlights the need for continuing research and development of nanocellulose-based materials in order to meet these obstacles and offer long-term solutions to a range of social issues.

Methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of hydromorphological restoration of rivers in Romania

In the context of the requirements of the Water Framework Directive to reinstate a river’s good ecological status after being severely altered by human pressures, river restoration became a major topic in the last decade in the EU and the number of projects implemented especially on hydromorphology increased. However, it is still uncertain whether these restoration measures have positive cumulative effects, i.e. hydromorphological effectiveness, when compared to reference conditions and expectations of stakeholders, because of inconsistent methodologies. Therefore, the goal of our project is to develop a methodology to evaluate the hydromorphological effectiveness of river restoration, based on standardised indicators, at various spatial scales, appropriate for implemented measures and for restored river types, weighting the expectations of actors and adapted to case studies in Romania. This methodological protocol could become also a useful tool to create a strategy and make decisions in the practice of river restoration. Moreover, this kind of analysis could contribute to clarifying the issue of standards in environmental projects.