Issue Of Sexual Harassment Research Articles

On Social Networks, Anonymous Testimonies, and Other Tools of Feminist Activism against Sexual Violence in Egypt

On Social Networks, Anonymous Testimonies, and Other Tools of Feminist Activism against Sexual Violence in Egypt

직장 내 성희롱 피해자의 2차 피해 실태 및 대응방안에 관한 연구

Due to the influence of the Me Too movement, social changes are actively responding to sexual harassment. However, sexual harassment cases in the workplace are passive in punishing the perpetrator due to inappropriate responses from their agencies and concealment of the case. In addition, there are frequent second-order sexual harassment happened to victims and those who give an active help in favor of victims. In turn, victims regret about reporting their case into the case and give up the progress of their case in the middle. This study aims to analyze second-order sexual harassment through interviews with sexual harassment victims in the workplace and present effective and efficient legal and policy countermeasures. As for the countermeasures against second-order sexual harassment in the internal level of organization, ①ensuring the punishment of perpetrators in the organization, ⓶strengthen the protection and support of victims, ③improvement of gender equality organizational culture, ④ development of professionalism of the grievance manager, ⑥establishment of linkage system for grievance. And at the external level of the organization, ①the establishment of a system to prevent second-order sexual harassment caused by media press, ②the monitoring of external institutions are proposed. This study will help in practical response to the protection of sexual harassment victim in the future, and this study is meaningful in re-examining the issue of second-order sexual harassment as a foundation study of follow-up studies for the development of countermeasures.

Prostitution and the Victims Protection: The Discourse of Law Enforcement and Legal Protection (Case of Cianjur, Indonesia)

This study aims to analyze how the law is enforced for victims of trafficking in persons used as perpetrators of prostitution in the Cianjur Regency. The method used in this research is using a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytic approach. The source of data in this study is using the interview instrument. The research object is focused on Cianjur Regency, which is divided into Sukanagara District, Cianjur District, Cipanas District, and several commercial places such as tourist attractions, entertainment venues, universities, and high schools in the Cianjur Regency area. This article concludes that various reasons and social conditions encourage the increasing number of prostitution in the Cianjur Regency area. Different unique findings were found in the research process. First, a high-paying job offer mode is quite successful in attracting certain regions. Second, sexual harassment issues made some teenagers decide to go deeper into the prostitution circle. Third, the number of foreign tourists from certain countries is the main attraction in the increasing cases of prostitution in one of the research object areas. The increase in cases of prostitution that continues to grow requires special attention from various parties, especially in the eyes of the law for the perpetrators. As time goes by, prostitution cases that continue to be left unchecked will become a significant factor in the deteriorating morals and social values ​​that exist in society. The absence of a clear legal status for prostitution will increasingly make the perpetrators freely carry out their crimes

The Effects of Sexist Attitudes on Sexual Harassment at the Royal Military College

Abstract
 The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) has frequented the news headline as more and more stories come to light about issues of sexual harassment and misconduct within the Canadian military. The CAF has attempted to change these attitudes through the implementation of training and Operation Honour. However, despite these efforts, sexist attitudes continue to exist within this military context (Scopio, et al 2020). These attitudes are apparent at the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) where future officers of the CAF attend university (Statistics Canada, 2020). Incidents relating to sexual harassment and sexual assault occur and are an established problem for the College (Statistics Canada, 2020). Previous research demonstrated a relationship between feminist identity and rape myth acceptance (RMA), between feminist identity and sexual harassment, and between RMA and sexual harassment (Begany & Milburn, 2002; LeMaire et al., 2016; Scopio., et al 2020). This study aimed to examine whether rape myth acceptance mediates the relationship between feminist identity and sexual harassment attitudes at the Royal Military College. Using a sample of n = 144 officer cadets at RMC, it was determined that RMA demonstrates partial indirect effects on the relationship between feminist identity and sexual harassment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 References
 Begany, J. J., & Milburn, M. A. (2002). Psychological Predictors of Sexual Harassment: Authoritarianism, Hostile Sexism, and Rape Myths. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 3(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.3.2.119
 LeMaire, K. L., Oswald, D. L., & Russell, B. L. (2016). Labeling sexual victimization experiences: The role of sexism, rape myth acceptance, and tolerance for sexual harassment. Violence and Victims, 31(2), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00148
 Maxwell, A. (2020, October 8). Experiences of unwanted sexualized and discriminatory behaviours and sexual assault among students at Canadian military colleges, 2019. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Retrieved February 15, 2022, from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2020001/article/00011-eng.htm
 Scoppio, G., Otis, N., Yan, Y. (L., & Hogenkamp, S. (2020). Experiences of officer cadets in Canadian military colleges and CIVILIAN UNIVERSITIES: A gender perspective. Armed Forces & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x20905121

The cost of doing politics: A critical discursive analysis of Australian liberal politicians’ responses to accusations by female politicians of bullying and intimidation

Recent conversations prompted by the #MeToo and #TimesUp movements have put issues of workplace sexism, sexual harassment and sexual assault into the global spotlight. This paper examines how members of the Australian Liberal Party made sense of, and responded to, accusations by female Liberal MPs of bullying and intimidation in their party. Transcripts of media interviews identified by searching the ParlInfo database (between August and September 2018) were analysed using a critical discursive psychology approach. Two discursive repertoires were routinely mobilised in Liberal politicians’ accounts: (1) a gender-neutral repertoire whereby reported incidents of bullying were argued to apply equally to men and women, and (2) a ‘politics is tough’ repertoire that served to downplay and legitimise bullying and intimidation as normative and unproblematic. We argues that such repertoires functioned to silence talk about the relevance of gender and the persistence of inequality. The bullying and intimidation experienced by women may continue to be the cost of their political engagement unless systemic change occurs that acknowledges the ongoing relevance of gender in politics.

The politicising spark? Exploring the impact of #MeToo on the gender equality discourse in Australian print media

ABSTRACT #MeToo has raised public awareness on issues of sexual harassment and misconduct at an unprecedented scale, nurturing hopes for sustainable change also in terms of gender equality. We use the concept of politicization to assess the potential for change which #MeToo might have induced in the broader print media discourse on gender equality issues. We analyse Australia as an arguably difficult case due to its conservative political and media system, thus offering political activism rather dire prospects of public resonance. We assess a total of two years of media coverage in the eight largest newspapers (October 2016 – September 2018), combining automated content analysis with manual claims analysis. Our results speak to the societal debate on gender equality as well as the potential of online social movements to change mainstream discourses and social realities.

Sexual harassment and sense of entitlement

The resignation of an Indian Administrative Services Officer named Rani Nagar and its non-acceptance by the state government of Haryana had revived the debate around sexual harassment in India. The reason given by the officer was sexual harassment by a senior and non-action of authorities leading to her feeling threatened for her safety. It highlights the fact that the position of women in India is not corresponding to their professional achievements. The mindset of society remains attached to the notion of the inferior status of women in general, regardless of their professional status. This paper seeks to delve more into the issue of sexual harassment per se and find the actual root cause that serves as a driving force behind such acts of the perpetrator. It is done by using cases, theories, and examples of contemporary times.

SCHOOL AND PUPILS BASED FACTORS INFLUENCING GIRLS’ DROPOUT RATE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN WEST POKOT, KENYA

Girls’ child education is important in any education system. However, the retention of these girls’ pupils within the education system is a great challenge in Alale Zone. The study sought to establish school and pupil based factors leading to drop out among girls’ pupils in primary schools in Alale Zone, West Pokot County. The specific objectives of the study were to investigate the influence school-based and pupils’ personal factors on girls’ dropout rate in primary schools. Maslow theory guided the study. The study was conducted in 7 primary schools in Alale Zone, North Pokot Sub County. The research design was descriptive in nature. The target population included 7 head teachers and 82 public primary school teachers. The head teachers were selected through purposive sampling while teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. The research relied on questionnaires and interview schedules as instruments of data collection. Both validity and reliability of research instruments will be determined. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics and presented using frequency distribution tables, pie charts and bar and column graphs. The study established that school based and pupils-based factors influenced girls’ dropout rate in the zone. Moreover, issues of teenage pregnancy, poor performance, poverty, sexual harassment and families believe and attitude contributed to increased cases of girls’ dropout in schools. The study recommends that various stakeholders; government, teachers and community at large should foster efforts aimed at promoting girls’ education in the zone. Guidance and counselling services need to be strengthened in primary schools in Alale Zone.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0908/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Nevertheless: American Methodists and Women's Rights

Written while Ashley Boggan Dreff (PhD, Drew University) was still High Point University's Director of Women and Gender Studies and Assistant Professor of Religion, Nevertheless: American Methodists and Women's Rights recounts ‘American Methodist women's efforts to fight for women's rights, from the Women's Christian Temperance Union to the #MeToo movement’ (back cover). The title of Dreff's introductory chapter, ‘Introduction to a Movement’, hints that this slim volume is not intended for the standard academic audience, but rather ‘to help Methodists—women and men, as well as non-Methodists—reflect on their own roles in political engagement and how their faith informs their social engagement in this world’ (14). Its hortatory tone and second-person discussion questions at the end of each chapter further indicate that this book's ideal readership seems to be a combination of United Methodist laypeople and perhaps the denomination's top executives, among whom Dreff now ranks, having been elected General Secretary of the General Commission on Archives and History (GCAH) not six months after the publication of Nevertheless.Unlike more straightforwardly academic historical and theological prior texts by Priscilla Pope-Levison (an endorser) and Laceye Warner, among others, this book is aimed primarily at an audience seeking guidance from the past for present and future progressive action. A key to Dreff's argument is that it is precisely their faith that has propelled women of various Methodist traditions out of their homes and into the public arena as activists.After the introduction's brief treatment of John Wesley and women, as well as the concept of and commitment to social holiness, five chapters address women's involvement in the struggles for suffrage, racial equity, the Equal Rights Amendment, reproductive rights (including but not limited to abortion access), and sexual harassment. The conclusion, ‘She Continues to Preach’, summarizes all and highlights United Methodism's 2016–19 struggle to ratify equality-related amendments to its constitution.In presenting these problems, Dreff demystifies jargon—both of the denomination and of the field of religious studies—quite effectively. Historians of polity may bristle at her repeated reference to the approval of women's ordination in 1956 (10, 60, 109), when in fact the Revd Maud K. Jensen, the first woman to benefit in 1956 from the approval to which Dreff actually refers (that of women's full clergy rights as voting members of Annual Conferences), already was ordained in 1952, as the Revd Dr Georgia Harkness and others had been before her. Theologians might wish that mentions of ‘enthusiasm’ included attention to its negative connotations in the eighteenth century (17–18). Yet such technicalities do not seriously diminish Dreff's argument.Dreff takes an unflinching look at the difficulties women have faced (so unflinching that the reader may wish the publisher had required content warnings to precede each chapter) and does not sugar-coat the legacies of often celebrated but really complicated figures, such as Frances Willard. In doing so, she names and lifts up so many works by women throughout centuries that the reader wishes for attention to the published works of black laywoman and first Women's Division executive Theressa Hoover (curiously misspelled with only one s throughout the book), rather than only her congressional testimony. The use of the Revd James M. Lawson Jr's case of expulsion from Vanderbilt Divinity School over the lunch counter sit-ins would benefit from facts available in GCAH's Methodist History journal to clarify the magnitude and timeline of Lawson's contributions to the Civil Rights Movement, underscoring the value of advocacy for him by the Woman's Division.Before her rousing conclusion, Dreff draws attention to the often overlooked issue of laymen's sexual harassment of clergywomen. This chapter's framing and approach are an admitted departure from the rest of the book, presenting survey evidence regarding the ‘stained glass ceiling’ (100–16). The willingness to attend to this vital matter is laudable. While some readers may feel lost in a sea of data and others may desire more consistent presentation of studies’ methodological approaches, the analysis leaves room for the reader to pursue further understanding. Even if one argues that, for example, the reason ‘harassment of clergywomen … rarely makes news’ is not so much political (Dreff's suggestion) as it is a matter of policy to protect victims and witnesses from further harassment and retaliation, her presentation requires the reader to reflect on the impact of such policy (112).As Dreff calls for improved theology in the pews that dismantles patriarchal assumptions and inspires church members to take action, this book invites partnership between history and theology scholars and between church and academy in ways that she is uniquely positioned to help make a reality.

Uncovering Sexual Harassment Issues in the Workplace: A Study on Hotels in Egypt

Uncovering Sexual Harassment Issues in the Workplace: A Study on Hotels in Egypt

Sexual Harassment and Candidate Evaluation: Gender and Partisanship Interact to Affect Voter Responses to Candidates Accused of Harassment

Public airing of incidents of sexual harassment have moved abuse from the shadows to the light, spurring mass response in the form of #MeToo and “Time’s Up.” While sexual harassment holds negative valence, election outcomes suggest that not all voters punish leaders accused of harassment. We argue there is systematic variation in how voters respond to candidates accused of harassment because evaluations are made within the context of both partisanship and the gendered issue of sexual harassment. As a result, we expect to find distinct responses across four voter groups—Democratic women and men, and Republican women and men on the specific issue of harassment. We present supporting evidence from two survey experiments and a third associational study to show that Democratic women are most likely to electorally punish sexual harassers. Experimental evidence also shows that Republican men are least likely to electorally punish candidates accused of harassment.

Sexual Harassment, Abuse and Healing in East Africa.

Sexual harassment is a serious problem in East Africa. Sexual harassment can occur where one person uses a position of authority to compel another person to engage in an otherwise unwanted sexual activity. Sexual harassment leaves inner wounds in a person that affect negatively their psychological and spiritual lives. In the context of Africa, often it is women who are the targets of sexual harassment but not always. This paper addresses one of the most pernicious violations of that trust. Not only in East Africa, but globally, children are traumatized by sexual abuse, harassment, and discriminatory behaviour at the hands of those on whom they rely for their well-being. In my ministry of teaching, giving motivational seminars and advising secondary school girls and boys in academic issues and in their process of growth through adolescent period, I personally have come across many similar cases. It provoked me to think about the problem. Therefore, in this paper I intend to address some of the issues of sexual harassment, give a brief explanation of what these experiences are, bring to awareness some of the causes, explore their impact on growth and development and propose some ways of enabling such victims to seek healing and integration

Effectiveness of a Sexual Health Care Training to Enhance Psychiatric Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Southern Taiwan.

Sexual health is a taboo issue in some societies. Limited assessments were conducted during nursing care in mental health services. It is unknown whether psychiatric nurses' competencies would be enhanced through short training courses. The present study employed a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-hour sexual health care training for psychiatric nurses to improve sexual health knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in a teaching psychiatric hospital in southern Taiwan. Volunteered psychiatric nurses were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The 8-hour training program contained sexual health knowledge and attitudes, case discussion, role play, and sexual identity or harassment issues. Each nurse received a pretest and a posttest in the 1-month period between August and September 2019. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate the effects. Among the 75 psychiatric nurses, 43 were in the control group and 32 were in the experimental group. The two groups were not significantly different in the working year, gender, education, marriage, and other psychosocial variables. After the training, the overall performance of sexual health care knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of the experimental group improved significantly than the controls. The sexual health care training program enhanced psychiatric nurses' confidence and generally improved their sexual knowledge and attitudes. It is suggested that sexual health care needs to be highlighted during in-job training to augment the well-being and life quality of psychiatric patients.

MOBILIZING AND DEMOBILIZING

Abstract Since the 2016 US presidential campaign and the rise of the #MeToo movement, issues of sexual assault and harassment have risen to prominence. At the same time, these issues have also been understood and evaluated through the lens of partisanship. The US Supreme Court confirmation hearings of Brett Kavanaugh exemplified these dynamics by providing clear partisan and emotion-laden cues to citizens. Given these events’ temporal proximity to the midterms, we argue that the confirmation hearings not only amplified an ongoing conversation, but also heightened the effect of sexist predispositions on turnout. Using a unique online survey with validated voter turnout in the 2018 midterms, we find that higher levels of modern sexism increased turnout among Republicans while lower levels of modern sexism increased turnout among Democrats. In 2018, sexist predispositions triggered turnout in opposing ways across the aisle.

BAHASA WANITA DAN PRIA PADA KOLOM TANGGAPAN THREAD “PEMERASAN DAN PELECEHAN SEKSUAL OKNUM DOKTER”

Various social phenomena are often expressed on the social media twitter to attract responses from the public around the user. One of the interesting public responses in communication studies is language style. The issue of sexual harassment and violence against women is a common topic which gets a lot of response from the public. This research aims to analyze the differences between women and man language on the response column from a thread of twitter social media that is about a woman who had encountered a pressure and sexual harassment by the doctor who carried out the rapid test of SARS-CoV-2 on Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. This research was using qualitative content analysis approach toward thread’s response column on the twitter. We have found that the language style of man and women on the thread were different. The language of women relatively unclear compare to the man. The sentences created by the women used a lot of question tag at the end, whereas a man relatively did not. Women also did reluctantly to cuss and abuse compare to man. Women were relatively involved in conversation related with heart while men relatively involved in report conversation. Responses or interruptions by women were not to control, challenge, or threaten, but to support or emphasize the conversation. Meanwhile, men used more instrumental talk, report information, solve problems, and solve problems through information exchange. We also found a similarity between women and man, which was a language of draw conclusion.

Chinese International Student Sexual Harassment on U.S. College Campuses

The #MeToo movement has brought the issue of sexual harassment to U.S. college campuses. Most scholarly work in this area focuses on White American women with little information on international student experiences. Because sexual harassment is considered hush-hush (shi) and taboo, many Chinese international students may not question harassment behaviors they experience. For many Chinese women attending a U.S. university, their first public discussion may occur during student orientation. Thus, students come to college campuses with varying levels of awareness of sexual harassment. Given the growing number of Chinese international students, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of their experiences and perceptions of sexual harassment. The article provides recommendations for university personnel working with international students.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF GILLETTE® AUDIOVISUAL AD ENTITLED “WE BELIEVE: THE BEST MEN CAN BE”

Advertising is one of the ways that can influence people to purchase products, services, or shaping one's mind for a way of life. The audiovisual ad gives more benefits over the audio one or the visual one because it is more attractive and can provide a clear view of the goods or the ideas by combining the audio and visual aspects. Bullying and sexual harassment have become a common issue that happened in society around the world. These issues give a negative impact on society, especially to the victims even to the men themselves. Gillette® had launched an audiovisual ad related to bullying and sexual harassment in 2019. The ad tries to convey the men to stop the bullying and sexual harassment issue caused by toxic masculinity happened worldwide. This study aims to critically study the text, the discursive practice, and the socio-cultural practice of the Gillette® audiovisual ad entitled “We Believe: The Best Man Can Be” by using the Fairclough’s method of Critical Discourse Analyses (CDA). From the textual analysis, it is found that the ad is using: (1) questioning form of sentences invoking the previous tagline of Gillette® “The Best a Man Can Get” to reinforce the campaign message of “The Best Man Can Be”; (2) using three kinds of tenses (present tense, future tense, and present perfect continues tense) in stating the fact related to toxic masculinity which has been going on far too long and also in saying the consequence of the ad's campaign message happened in the future; (3) using the pronoun "We" which refer to Gillette® as the influencer which has taken action in changing the toxic masculinity issue by describing the healthy version of what it means to be a man so it gives the impression of persuading to men; (4) using the conditional sentence to reinforce how important the message of the campaign willing to convey is. The analysis of the discursive practice of the ad that can be found is that Gillette®, as the producer, is using the #MeToo-inspired movement as the way to distribute the message of "The Best Man Can Be" to the men as the consumer. All of those ways are to campaign the healthy version of what it means to be a man motivated by a toxic masculinity phenomenon that happened in society as what has found from the socio-cultural practice analysis.

Demographic Representation and Collective Storytelling in the Me Too Twitter Hashtag Activism Movement.

The #MeToo movement on Twitter has drawn attention to the pervasive nature of sexual harassment and violence. While #MeToo has been praised for providing support for self-disclosures of harassment or violence and shifting societal response, it has also been criticized for exemplifying how women of color have been discounted for their historical contributions to and excluded from feminist movements. Through an analysis of over 600,000 tweets from over 256,000 unique users, we examine online #MeToo conversations across gender and racial/ethnic identities and the topics that each demographic emphasized. We found that tweets authored by white women were overrepresented in the movement compared to other demographics, aligning with criticism of unequal representation. We found that intersected identities contributed differing narratives to frame the movement, co-opted the movement to raise visibility in parallel ongoing movements, employed the same hashtags both critically and supportively, and revived and created new hashtags in response to pivotal moments. Notably, tweets authored by black women often expressed emotional support and were critical about differential treatment in the justice system and by police. In comparison, tweets authored by white women and men often highlighted sexual harassment and violence by public figures and weaved in more general political discussions. We discuss the implications of this work for digital activism research and design, including suggestions to raise visibility by those who were under-represented in this hashtag activism movement. Content warning: this article discusses issues of sexual harassment and violence.

Social Media Activism and Convergence in Tweet Topics After the Initial #MeToo Movement for Two Distinct Groups of Twitter Users.

Online social media movements are now common and support cultural discussions on difficult health and social topics. The #MeToo movement, focusing on the pervasiveness of sexual assault and harassment, has been one of the largest and most influential online movements. Our study examines topics of conversation on Twitter by supporters of the #MeToo movement and by Twitter users who were uninvolved in the movement to explore the extent to which tweet topics for these two groups converge over time. We identify and collect one year's worth of tweets for supporters of the #MeToo movement (N = 168 users; N = 105,538 tweets) and users not involved in the movement (N = 147 users; N = 112,301 tweets referred to as the Neutral Sample). We conduct topic frequency analysis and implement an unsupervised machine learning topic modeling algorithm, latent Dirichlet allocation, to explore topics of discussion on Twitter for these two groups of users before and after the initial #MeToo movement. Our results suggest that supporters of #MeToo discussed different topics compared to the Neutral Sample of Twitter users before #MeToo with some overlap on politics. The supporters were already discussing sexual assault and harassment issues six months before #MeToo, and discussion on this topic increased 13.7-fold in the six months after. For the Neutral Sample, sexual assault and harassment was not a key topic of discussion on Twitter before #MeToo, but there was some limited increase afterward. Results of bigram frequency analysis and topic modeling showed a clear increase in topic related to gender for the supporters of #MeToo but gave mixed results for the Neutral Sample comparison group. Our results suggest limited shifts in the conversation on Twitter for the Neutral Sample. Our methods and results have implications for measuring the extent to which online social media movements, like #MeToo, reach a broad audience.

Going beyond the system: The role of trust in coworker support and organization-based self-esteem in dealing with sexual harassment issues

Sexual harassment has been an entrenched problem in the workplace. Using the 2016 Merit Principles Survey from the US Merit Systems Protection Board, this study advances our understanding of the formal reporting of workplace sexual harassment by focusing on the crucial roles of coworker support and organization-based self-esteem. The findings show that both coworker support and organization-based self-esteem provide a sense of an individual’s worth to the organization, and eventually lead to a positive impact on the perceived effectiveness of formal reporting, as well as an indirect effect, through influence on the procedural justice perceptions of the formal reporting system. This study highlights the importance of establishing both a supportive work-group climate and a respectful and inclusive working environment in order to give employees the confidence to formally report incidences of sexual harassment.