Modern Issues Research Articles

DESIGNING OF INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY OF APPLIED BACHELOR'S DEGREE INTO THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM AND A MODEL FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT

Modern issues of training personnel with secondary qualifications are of great relevance for higher and postgraduate education in Kazakhstan. The article provides a technology for integrating applied bachelor’s degree into the higher education system, and a model for its development. Using modeling methods, the corresponding multi-stage technology of integration of applied bachelor's degree into the higher education system as its short cycle, and the structural model of applied bachelor's degree development were designed. A methodological concept of embedding the applied bachelor degree in the system of higher education using competence-based approach and learning outcomes was developed. The obtained results will help in restructuring the system of post-secondary education, thus contributing to the training of highly competitive specialists with applied skills for the country's economy.

Moral Commendation of Feminism in the 21st Century Variety Show: A Case Study of Chinese Popular Female Gender Highlighted Variety Show

There is a series of questions interrelated with modern feminism issues which include how women are awarded moral prizes in contemporary variety shows, the forms of moral prizes, how traditional women's moral prizes are baptized by contemporary moral principles as a kind of moral shackling, and how moral changes indirectly affect the moral prizes for men. The answers to these questions will be discussed in this study. The study makes a preliminary analysis of the aesthetic planning, dance lyrics, dress, and makeup of the variety show "Sister who breaks the waves". By doing that it can be found out how capital gives moral commendation to women by arranging directors and choreographers. Through in-depth interviews with women, people can understand their life journey, and learn about how women grow up. All these lead to accomplishing more than a superficial moral reward for them.

Rola nauczyciela wiedzy o społeczeństwie w obecnej edukacji szkolnej w Polsce

The subject Civics (Social Knowledge) in outgoing school year 2023/2024 was replaced subject History and Present in standard level in Polish middle schools system. The role of Social Knowledge was reduced to higher level only. The decision of Polish Ministry of Education in school year 2021/2022 brings important implications in area of didactics, but also provides the consequences in culture, philosophy of school and ethics of teachers. The article first discusses the issue of modernity as a key concept for understanding the diagnosis of teaching Social Studies. Then the author tries to describe the teacher as a guide in postmodernity, however it refers to the philosophical concept of Hans-Georg Gadamer “historian as translator”. The author points out that when teaching Social Studies, it is important for the teacher to apply Pyrrho’s principle of epoche, i.e. suspension of one’s own views. Only in this way can the school become a place of dialogue. Knowledge about society appears to be an essential element of young people’s understanding of modern times based on the complexity of the world. The article describes this matter from point of view of philosophy and theory of didactics. The role of Civics (Social Knowledge) was brought to be important in building the civil society. Article shows the discussion and indicates some practical explanations.

PREVALENCE OF PRE-FRAILTY AND FRAILTY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Highlights The article is focused on one of the most urgent modern issues – the peculiarities of the diagnosis of pathological aging. Due to the absence of a “gold standard” of detection of frailty, attempts to assess its prevalence among the population of different age groups present fragmented and controversial data. In this study, for the first time, the prevalence of frailty in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, characterized by extremely pronounced clinical complexity, was analyzed using six different diagnostic approaches, allowing us to obtain data on the sensitivity and specificity of these instruments. AbstractAim. To study the prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.Methods. The study included 387 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting. To detect pre-frailty and frailty, we have used various diagnostic approaches, such as the screening questionnaire “Age is not a drawback”, a multi-stage diagnostic framework based on the clinical recommendations on frailty developed by the “Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians” in 2020, the questionnaire “PRISMA-7”, the clinical frailty scale, the criteria of the Fried frailty phenotype, and the modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5).Results. The median age was 65 [59; 69] years, men were the majority (73.1%). Taking into account six diagnostic approaches, the prevalence of frailty in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease varied from 19.1% to 71.6%, the prevalence of pre-frailty varied from 15% to 58.2%. A high number of patients with frailty was detected using a multi-stage diagnostic framework based on the on the clinical recommendations on frailty developed by the “Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians” (46.8%), the clinical frailty scale (44.5%), the criteria of the Fried frailty phenotype (42.4%) and mFI-5 (71.6%), the lowest number of patients with frailty was detected using the questionnaire “PRISMA-7” (22.5%). The clinical frailty scale showed a higher level of sensitivity and specificity (67.8% and 80%, respectively) regarding the detection of pre-frailty, whereas a multi-stage diagnostic framework had a higher level of sensitivity and specificity (65.2% and 76.8%, respectively) regarding the detection of frailty.Conclusions. The results of the study revealed a high prevalence of pre-frailty (15–58.2%) and frailty (19.1–71.6%) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, taking into account several diagnostic approaches. The clinical frailty scale and a multi-stage diagnostic framework based on the recommendations showed the highest sensitivity and specificity regarding the detection of frailty (clinical frailty scale – 67.8% and 80%, respectively; a multi-stage diagnostic framework – 65.2% and 76.8%, respectively).

Pemikiran Ulama Muta’akhkhirin Berhubung Pengamalan Konsep Talfiq Dalam Penyelesaian Hukum Syarak The Muta’akhkhirin Scholars’ Perspective on the Implementation of the Talfiq Concept in Resolving Islamic Legal Issues

Talfiq is one of the methodologies to create the resolution of hukm based on the treasure of fiqh introduced by classical Islamic scholars. Despite that, the use of this methodology is still debatable and remains as mahal al-khilaf by scholars. The mut’akhkhirin scholars are most of the numerous groups that are against this concept. This contradicts the modern scholars who tend to adopt this concept to arrive at an opinion that is suitable with modern and current issues. Therefore, this article will analyse several views from the muta’akhkhirin scholars regarding the use of talfiq. This study was conducted with the qualitative method, collecting data from turath literature (classical textbooks) written by the muta’akhkhirin scholars, and it will end with analyse with the thematic methods. The result of the study found that the stick of view by the muta’akhkhirin scholars against the practice of talfiq has their own basis. The study found three main bases against the practice of talfiq; 1. The use of talfiq will lead to arriving at an opinion that is rejected by the majority of the scholars; 2. The use of the talfiq will lead to the practice of tatabbu‘ al-rukhas; and 3. The use of talfiq will lead to harm to religion.

COVID-19 and Pandemic Ethics in the Islamic Tradition: An Introduction

Abstract The rapid escalation of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 into a global pandemic, culminating in the World Health Organization’s declaration on March 11, 2020, marked a historic milestone. The far-reaching impact of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates an interdisciplinary approach to address its myriad ethical challenges. This article categorizes the key ethical questions explored from an Islamic perspective into two groups: “Historical Issues” and “Modern Issues.” The former revisits questions examined in pre-modern discussions on historical pandemics, while the latter delves into ethical challenges relatively unique to the contemporary context of COVID-19. Each group’s exploration is complemented by a section on “Related Sources,” offering insight into pertinent primary works. The article concludes with reflections on the evolving trajectory of research in this field. Serving its introductory purpose, the article includes two appendices: Appendix 1, “Overview of Key Ethical Issues," provides a condensed summary in table form, while Appendix 2, “An Extended Bibliography on Islam, Pandemics, COVID-19, and Morality,” offers a comprehensive list of primary and secondary sources for researchers interested in further readings.

Межкультурная коммуникация как ценностная ориентация саморазвития студента

Intercultural communication plays an important role in building a harmonious and just world where everyone can be heard regardless of their cultural background. The article is devoted to the current issue of modernity, namely intercultural communication as a value for the student’s self-development. The role of educational en-vironment for the formation of intercultural communication skills is emphasized. The relationship between stu-dent’s self-development and intercultural communication is defined, which is a fruitful process that requires constant development and striving for improvement in various aspects of life. It is an active work on oneself, which helps the student to become more competent, successful and self-realized in academic and profession-al spheres of life. Emphasis is placed on the value of intercultural communication as a unique opportunity for self-development, adaptation, and enrichment of one’s worldview, helping to understand oneself and others, developing communication skills, and fostering personal growth.

PROBLEMS AND CLASSIFICATION OF MODERN DYSTOPIA (Ukrainian and World Literature)

The article examines the specific features of modern dystopia, the themes and issues of the genre. The object of research is modern dystopian novels of the World and Ukrainian literature. In contrast to the 20th century, the concepts of critical, feminist, digital, national (in the context of multiculturalism) dystopia were included in the literary circulation of dystopia researchers of the 21st century. Specific groups and their genre subspecies are distinguished. The article also notes that the relevance of dystopia is primarily related to socio-cultural and geopolitical catastrophes and destructive systems: wars, harsh government, tyrannical empires, authoritarianism and totalitarianism — all this breaks the utopian consciousness. And although the dream, consonant with utopia, is organic for man, as it turned out, it is unacceptable for the modern world order.

The Biden administration nuclear posture review: a new vision?

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of US doctrinal documents - the Nuclear Posture Reviews of 2018 and 2022. The authors set themselves the objective of determining whether the nuclear threshold has decreased/increased during the Biden administration. Analysis of the corresponding sections of documents leads to the conclusion about continuity between the Reviews. This concerns issues of nuclear modernization, the “tailored deterrence” strategy, and regional aspects of the US nuclear deterrence. The section of the 2022 document devoted to arms control sounds relatively new, however, foreign policy landscape and virtual collapse of the modern arms control architecture do not allow the authors of the doctrine to be optimistic in this matter .

Untangling the Jurisdictional Web in Cyberspace

The ambiguous theme of cyberspace and its broad widespread inflict a major effect on the legal procedures of litigations. Since litigation might include several nationalities, because of the cosmopolitan nature of cyberspace, determining the competent court is not as direct as traditional litigations. Cyber litigations complicate this procedural threshold as the traditional application of jurisdiction determinants might not suit cyber disputes. Furthermore, jurisdiction conflicts in cyberspace frustrate settling the dispute as courts avoid giving their judgments due to invalidity. Therefore, these conflicts introduce a modern issue to private international law theorists. It is indisputable that drafting obvious jurisdictional rules enhances the rule of law in cyberspace. Thus, the research analyses this issue and establishes a comparison to determine the state of the art regarding it. The article reviews the relevant academic contributions and legislation to point out how they crystallize the aspects of the research question. Besides, it studies relevant case laws from the UK and US judiciaries to conclude the legal principle they adopt to settle these conflicts and to enhance the validity of their judgments. Eventually, it introduces a comprehensive theory on settling jurisdiction conflicts regarding cyber litigation, which enhances the rule of law in cyberspace. 

Ukrainian Musical Modernism: Prerequisites for Conceptualization

The article outlines the current cultural situation surrounding the issue of Ukrainian musical modernism, presenting examples of actualization of this issue in the national musical practice of recent years. The author considers the initiatives of Oleksiy Shmurak and Leah Batstone, the researchers who explore this issue. The article engages with Myroslava Novakovych’s substantive provisions on the scholarly interpretation of the concept of Ukrainian musical modernism, the defining features of its aesthetics and the circle of its representatives. The author identifies a number of prerequisites for the conceptualization of Ukrainian musical modernism in concerts, performances, public lectures, educational activities, and research projects. Building on her own concept of musical modernism, the author offers an original view of the phenomenon of Ukrainian musical modernism as an epoch, defines its chronological boundaries and specific factors. The article characterizes the correlation between modernism and social realism in the Ukrainian musical culture of the twentieth century.

Современные и исторические параллели восприятия аномии в армянском обществе

<p>The characteristics of perception of anomie are revealed both in modern societies and in the historical past. Although the psychological phenomenon of anomie is expressed in thinking specific for various historical periods, the study of historical and modern parallels allows us to see some models of the development of psychological scientific thought and perception of anomie. Anomie is presented as a psychological pattern of perception with certain characteristics such as social apathy, emotional burnout, alienation, normlessness, social isolation and others. The variety of causes and manifestations of anomie requires the search for new ways and strategies for studying human activity and motivation, which will not only reduce the risks of social apathy, but also adapt the individual to the conditions of rapidly changing social processes. In order to do it it is necessary to study the relationship between the various components of perception of anomie and compare modern anomie issues with historical parallels. The identification of modern and historical parallels in the development of the phenomenon of anomie shows the changes of perception of socio-psychological well-being and worldview. In the methodological sense, the comparative method of the investigation of the perception of anomie allows us to reveal and highlight the historical basis of human worldview.</p>

ИДЕЯ ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ В РУССКОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ И СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА МЕНТАЛЬНОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ: ЭТИКО-ФИЛОСОФСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ

The article is devoted to the ethical and philosophical analysis of the idea of existential well-being in Russian philosophy and its role in solving the modern problem of mental security. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the philosophical understanding of the modern issue of mental security by means of the ethical and philosophical heritage associated with the idea of existential well-being. The concept of existential well-being in Russian philosophy, which has an ethical nature, is highlighted. The purpose of the study is to study the contribution of Russian philosophy to the modern discussion about mental security as an important condition for existential well-being. The article considers several approaches (existential, phenomenological, ethical, philosophical and anthropological) to the study of fundamental issues in the context of the studied issues. The core of the study of the relationship between Russian philosophy and mental security as a condition for achieving existential well-being is the orientation towards moral values in the decision-making process, the organization of one’s own life and building relationships with the surrounding reality.

Pastoral Power and Revolution: Beyond Secularization and Political Theology

When stressing how ‘Christian pastoral power’ defined the specificity of ‘governmental power’, Foucault never explicitly acknowledged the German debate on modernity or theological-political issues. My hypothesis is that – whatever the actual reasons for this omission might be – this oversight is symptomatic of Foucault’s unique interpretation of the role of Christianity in Western culture and of his different approach to the theme of power. After analysing the positions of two of the leading exponents of the German debate, Karl Löwith and Carl Schmitt, the essay substantiates this hypothesis by looking at Foucault’s investigations of pastoral power. In particular, the essay aims to demonstrate how the latter’s apparent omissions are linked to Foucault’s challenge to two central questions in the 20th-century debate on modernity, namely: (1) the possibility of interpreting modern political revolutions as expressions of a linear and secularized vision of history; and (2) the centrality of the category of sovereignty in the definition of Western power.

Formation of future coaches' readiness to educate moral and volitional qualities in young athletes

The article reveals the problematic issues of modernization of the process of future coaches’ training in higher education institutions to form a personality capable of performing the role of a mentor in the education of moral and volitional qualities in pupils of children and youth sports schools. It has been proved that an important condition for the formation of a fully developed personality is its proper physical training, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, combining physical activity with human values and moral and volitional qualities. It has been established that the formation of students' moral and volitional qualities is based on the concept of “will” - the ability of a person to act actively and consciously in achieving the goal, overcoming internal and external difficulties. The will is considered as a mental human activity which is manifested in conscious and purposeful actions, struggle of motives, their choice, which precedes volitional action. Volitional actions have their own specific features: awareness, purposefulness, overcoming obstacles, initiating actions, the presence of volitional efforts, etc. For a future coach, these features are factors of successful overcoming difficulties in achieving the goal, self-improvement, focus on achieving the intended results by students. The purpose of the article is to determine the level of future coaches' readiness to develop moral and volitional qualities in pupils of children and youth sports schools. The component of forming the readiness of future coaches for the development of moral and volitional qualities in pupils of children and youth sports schools are pedagogical conditions: 1) transformation of the content of training of future specialists in higher education institutions; 2) ensuring positive motivation for the professional activity of future coaches; 3) use of active teaching methods in the process of professional training. The dynamics of future coaches' readiness for the development of moral and volitional qualities in pupils of children and youth sports schools showed that before the beginning of the formative experiment 39.7% of students had a low level of readiness, 37.8% - sufficient and 22.5% - high. At the end of the formative experiment, 31.8% of the experimental group remained at a low level, 41.9% at a sufficient level, and 26.4% at a high level. There were some differences in the number of respondents with low, sufficient and high levels, ranging from 16.0% to 28.5%. The development of moral and volitional qualities is an integral part of not only the educational process, but also the participation of the applicant in sports and recreational activities.

Do we need to improve the general oral health of our population to reduce the risk of Infective Endocarditis?

Abstract Background Emphasis is placed on the link between oral health and Infective Endocarditis (IE), particularly around odontogenic infections and specific dental procedures. The Adult Dental Health Survey in 2009 showed 45% of adults in the UK required dental intervention typically associated with developing IE. Antibiotic prophylaxis in this context is not without controversy. With gum and periodontic disease endemic, is the modern issue one of generalised poor oral health as a risk factor for IE? Purpose To determine the impact of oral health on risk and outcome in IE. Terminology SDCEP published dental guidelines of when to consider AP against IE for dental procedures. It identifies dental procedures that can cause transient bacteraemia. Methodology Data were collected from October 2020-Januaury 2023 in 123 patients with confirmed IE at a central London cardiac surgical centre. Patients had a focussed dental assessment with history, intraoral examination and dental panoramic radiograph to determine the risk and extent of oral disease. Results Average age was 54.2years. 77/123 (63%) had native IE (NVE) and 46 (37%) prosthetic (PVE). 17 (37%) cultured oral organisms from blood (Table 1); 8 (47%) of these organisms are associated with active dental disease (decay, periodontal disease, dental infection). Organisms can be found in Table 2. However, 93/123 (76%) had oral caries requiring dental treatment, irrespective of typical portal of entry for that organism. The proposed dental treatment posed a high risk for causing IE in 70%. 93/123 (76%) needed further dental treatment within six months rendering only 12% of patients orally stable. Oral organisms were seen more frequently in NVE (41/77) vs PVE (17/46). There was no difference in the incidence of dental disease requiring treatment (77% NVE vs 74% PVE). Whilst 27% of PVE had had recent (within 4 months) dental treatment compared to 73% NVE, only 1 PVE patient grew an oral commensal compared to 82% of NVE patients. Conclusion Prevention of IE is key to reducing the morbidity and mortality of this disease. We see oral commensals causing IE in 47%, with only 12% of this modern IE cohort dentally stable. Despite this, there was no difference in rates of dental disease requiring invasive treatment when stratified by oral vs non-oral organisms. A robust public health strategy is required to reduce the risk of oral disease driving IE.

Formation and development of legal-communicative competence in the framework of higher legal education

Introduction. The solution of the formation and development problem of legal-communicative competence within the framework of higher education is one of the most urgent issues of legal education modernization, as the mastery of such competence is considered a component of professional suitability and is a special competitive advantage in the legal profession. The aim of the article is to analyse theoretical and practical aspects of the formation and development of legalcommunicative competence in accordance with its structural elements within the framework of higher legal education. Materials and methods. The complex content of the elements of legal-communicative competence determined the use of an interdisciplinary approach to its research and the application of legal, pedagogical, philological and psychological scientific methodologies. The materials of the research were scientific works devoted to the problems of communicative competence, various aspects of the formation and development of communicative competence in legal education, materials of scientific periodicals, dissertations, works of the world's leading scientists in the field of communicative competence, materials and reports of UNESCO in the field of education, which are publicly available on the Internet and in official reports. Results. The formation and development of legal-communicative competence can be considered through the prism of its structural elements formation. Pedagogical conditions for the formation and development of individual elements of legal-communicative competence include acquiring the skills of communicative competence in the study of various disciplines throughout the period of study (integration of theoretical and practical training, increased attention to legal practice, involvement of practicing lawyers in the educational process), as well as the acquisition of communicative skills in the framework of certain special disciplines (such as "Speech Culture and Business Communication", "Legal Conflictology", "Legal Argumentation", etc.). Conclusion. The practical significance of the results is determined by the development of recommendations for the formation of legal-communicative competence. The educational process should take into account the pedagogical conditions of the formation of communicative competence of future lawyers, which will ensure their readiness to interact in the professional sphere and to cooperate.

Things to Die For: The Affective Power of Objects in E. W. Hornung’s Tales of A. J. Raffles, Amateur Cracksman

Abstract A. J. Raffles—fashionable man-about-town, international cricket star, and amateur cracksman—was E. W. Hornung’s most famous and longest-lived creation, appearing in twenty-six tales between 1898 and 1909. A prolific writer of novels, short fiction, and poetry, Hornung is remembered today as Arthur Conan Doyle’s brother-in-law and Raffles as an inverted Sherlock Holmes. Throughout his criminal career, Raffles risks his life to collect forbidden objects—a disordered version of Victorian collecting culture. Through three stories that locate Raffles within various repositories of “extraordinary” objects, this article analyzes how late Victorian crime fiction engages central issues of modernity by interrogating the emotional power material objects exert over human subjects. Excavating the objects embedded in the tales and attending to Raffles’s role as a collector suggest that the adventures address more serious issues at the center of modern life, including fragmented identities, compulsive consumption, and the overlapping narratives surrounding material objects displayed in cultural institutions and pervasive media coverage. The tales are as much about collecting as about safecracking, with Raffles sharing more in common with the avid collector than with the average cracksman. The article takes special note of the parallel emotional experience of reading about collecting and collected objects.

Guarantees for the exercise of the constitutional right of access to justice

Through the dialectical method and the study of the doctrine, the research focuses on the theoretical and practical analysis of such a multifaceted legal category as access to justice. The author’s definition of the essence and content of the constitutional guarantee of the right of access to justice is presented. Modern issues of ensuring access to justice in Ukraine are highlighted. The description of typical forms of realization of the right of access to justice such as e-justice; constitutional complaint and right to free legal aid is given. Factors hindering the implementation and protection of the right of access to justice have been identified: instability of the legal system; deficiencies in the judicial practice of law enforcement; shortage of judicial personnel and others. In the conclusions of the case, it highlights the priority of alternative ways of guaranteeing access to justice such as mediation, restorative justice and arbitration tribunals. Finally, the main advantages of the specified interdisciplinary legal institute are identified.

Results of cranioplasty using individual titanium implants

Background. Despite its long history, cranioplasty remains a topical problem of neurosurgery, due to the increasing number of traumatic brain injury, the consequences of which are the main driver in preserving the population of patients with postcranioectomy skull defects. As a rule, these defects are extensive, and the use of individual implants in these cases is the method of choice. Over the past 5 years, the use of products created by medical additive manufacturing has increased, in this regard, the assessment of long-term results of surgical interventions with their use is an actual issue of modern medicine.Aim. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of patients with skull defects of various etiologies using individual titanium implants made by three-dimensional printing.Materials and methods. The study analyzed 94 cases of cranioplasty using individual titanium implants made by three-dimensional printing using DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) technology. The minimum follow-up period was 12 months from the moment of the intervention. Traumatic brain injury and its consequences was the dominant cause of skull bone defects (n = 56, 59.6 %). The average area of defects in the study group was 99.2 ± 43.4 cm2. For men (n = 53), this parameter corresponded to 106.7 ± 44.7 cm2, for women (n = 41) – 89.5 ± 40.1 cm2.Results. The total number of complications in the study group was 12 (12.7 %) cases, of which 5 (5.3 %) cases were recorded during the in hospital stay of patients, 7 (7.4 %) – during outpatient follow-up. One complication was not related to the performed surgical intervention. Removal of the implant was required in 7 (7.4 %) cases. The terms of implant removal varied from 0 to 14 months from the moment of the performed intervention. The survival rate of individual titanium implants for more than 12 months was 92.6 %.Conclusion. The data on the presence of complications after cranioplasty vary from study to study, while the results of reconstructive interventions performed using individual titanium implants are of significant interest, the use of which has increased significantly over the past five years due to the introduction of additive medical production into clinical practice.