Livelihood Issues Research Articles

Public Participation, System Construction and Satisfaction of Democratic Decision-Making <br/>—Taking the Relocation Community of Beijing Disaster-Prone Villages as an Example

In this study, we discussed residents’ satisfaction with democratic decision-making in the process of relocation of disaster-prone villages in Beijing from two dimensions which were public participation and system construction. Through the analysis of the ordered logit model, it was confirmed that the variables of residents’ participation and community system construction were significantly positively correlated with the satisfaction variables of democratic decision-making. There were some problems in the democratic decision-making in the process of relocation of disaster-prone villages in Beijing, such as inconsistent decision-making content and residents’ attention, weak participation consciousness, single form, poor channel, and imperfect legal system construction. Based on these, we put forward the following policy recommendations: 1) Bring industrial development and major livelihood issues into the content system of democratic decision-making; 2) Enrich the forms of democratic decision-making, increase decision-making channels, and enhance residents’ enthusiasm for participation; 3) Strengthen the system construction, so that democratic decision-making could be based on laws and regulations.

A grey-forecasting based multiple linear regression model for planning nursing homes

With the increasing demand for elderly care institutions in society, the issue of elderly care has become a serious social problem and a widely publicised livelihood issue. In order to actively respond to the trend of a deeply ageing population, the infrastructure of urban elderly care services is being strengthened. Led by relevant government departments, many scholars are exploring a model suitable for the development of elderly care in China, taking into account the experience of elderly care services at home and abroad. This paper proposes a universal planning model for elderly institutions based on multivariate integer linearity, introducing the zoning method and grey forecasting. It solves the problem of deciding the number of elderly institutions to be built in each district of a particular city in the government's future planning. Using Nanjing as an example, the model is then substituted with data from the Nanjing Rating Standards for Nursing Homes (for Trial Implementation) to obtain a table of construction plans for various types of nursing homes in five major stages during the period 2021-2035 and a map of the recommended distribution of nursing homes. The model simplifies complex calculations by transforming multivariate non-linear problems into linear ones. The simulation results have been proved to be practical and universal. The research results of the thesis can provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the construction projects of elderly institutions and other functional infrastructures where the population gathers, which is conducive to the promotion of urbanisation and pulling economic growth, and provides material guarantee for the improvement of people's living standards..

Assessment of human-carnivore conflict in Chitral, Pakistan

Human-carnivore conflict is considered to be a major conservation and livelihood issue (Dar et al., 2009). The present study was conducted to assessed human carnivores’ conflict, its causes, severity and recommending conflict mitigation suggestions. Conflict in the study area was assessed through interview questionnaire, focus group discussions, pasture’s visits and observations. Results showed that 19% respondents had experienced conflict with carnivores. Carnivores depredation on livestock and poultry was the main cause of conflict. Wolves and Foxes are among most blamed carnivores in the study area. Last seven years depredation cases indicated that wolfs are the most destructive and lethal predator of livestock among all. In the pastures wolfs contributed 90% of the total damage. While In the adjacent village’s foxes contributed 73% of the total poultry depredation cases. No records of snow leopard depredation cases were found in the last 7 years. Depredation cases of lynx and jackal were very few. Most of the livestock depredation reported during the summer months from May to September while most of poultry depredation w0ere reported during the winter months from September to March. Respondents revealed that no compensation had given to the affected households, not from the responsible authorities nor from NGOs, that’s why their perception towards carnivore is not good. Of the total 28% recommended killing of carnivores, 22% were in favor of paying compensation for losses to affect. While few recommended improving of sheds/corals, employee youth as a guard, understand carnivore’s habitat to reduce conflict. Results indicates that human carnivore conflict is intense in the area. However, it could be reduced by multi-prolonged conservation programs includes compensation, insurance programs, awareness creation and Improving the livestock and poultry Corals/Sheds. Introducing trophy hunting in the area can also play a vital role in mitigating conflict. The money generated from hunting can be utilized for losses compensation and developmental purposes in the area.

The Architectural Design of the Coastal City Aquarium Based on Low Energy Consumption Target

Lin, X., 2020. The architectural design of the coastal city aquarium based on low energy consumption target. In: Li, L. and Huang, X. (eds.), Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions: A Perspective of Environment, Economy, and Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 112, pp. 40-42. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The improvement of human settlements involves major livelihood issues, and energy saving and emission reduction is a major national strategy. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a reasonable architectural design method for aquariums in coastal cities, so that the design scheme can not only meet the indoor thermal comfort needs of residents, but also reduce building energy consumption. Based on the goal of low energy consumption, a dual-objective optimization model for the architectural design of the coastal city aquarium is established that can optimize the architectural design plan, increase the proportion of indoor thermal comfort time and reduce the annual cooling and heating load of the building. Finally, taking hainan's typical apartment type as an example for optimization, the optimized design plan reduces the annual cooling and heating load by 47.74%, and the indoor thermal comfort time ratio increases by 3.94%, which verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the model.

Design and development of quality traceability system for circulation of Chinese herbal medicine based on blockchain and NB-IOT

The safety of traditional Chinese medicine is an important issue of people's livelihood in China. The traceability process on the quality of traditional Chinese medicine is characterized by long duration, many links, and complex circulation process of traditional Chinese medicine, so the establishment and improvement of traceability system is key to the modernized development of traditional Chinese medicine. The circulation traceability system of Chinese medicinal materials, as an important part of traceability system for Chinese traditional medicine, is built according to the GSP standard by using the block chain technology to ensure the security of information circulation and the low energy consumption of NB-IOT technology, build a safe and reliable system with wide coverage and low cost technology, and provide safe and reliable technical support for the data collection and transmission. The Internet and cloud platform are used to collect, fill in and review the information in the circulation process of medicinal materials in real time. The third-party real-time validation is carried out by relying on the matter-linked sensing equipment to improve the accuracy of source information. The big data are fully used to build a portrait of integrity, crack down on counterfeit products, and maintain the brand image of authentic medicinal materials. System objects include medicinal materials distributors, government regulatory agencies and consumers, etc. By controlling each link of the drug circulation at different levels, the system strictly complies with the supply standard of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to form the information loop of the drug circulation and realize the whole-process supervision of the drug circulation. The system has user-friendly operation interface, comprehensive functions, simple and easy to use, with good portability and expansibility, which can promote all the people to participate in tracing the source, so as to develop a green and ecological chain for Chinese medicinal materials.

From sponge city to sponge watershed: addressing comprehensive water issues through an innovative framework

This paper advocates a shift for Sponge City construction from urban scale towards the watershed scale through strengthening the ecosystem services at a holistic perspective. An innovative framework has been established to address integrated solutions for comprehensive water issues. It enclosed with water resilience pattern, water resource pattern, water treatment pattern, water ecology pattern, waterscape pattern, and LID (low-impact-development) transportation pattern. Specifically, water resilience pattern and water resource pattern deal with the livelihood issues of urban population; water treatment pattern and water ecology pattern provide a sustainable basis through ecological and technical approaches in the context of urban agglomeration. Besides, the waterscape pattern and LID transportation pattern correlated grey infrastructure with green infrastructure, which helps to optimize the quality of urban development and minimize the intervention on the watershed ecosystem. The analyses and discourses from this study identify significant methodological implications to shift the sponge city practice from the urban context towards nature context. The prominent contribution is to optimize the regulation and support service of the watershed ecosystem and promote a healthier environment for people and wildlife living in the watershed.

Exploring Vulnerability–Resilience–Livelihood Nexus in the Face of Climate Change: A Multi-Criteria Analysis for Mongla, Bangladesh

This article illustrates the critical findings of an empirical investigation of resilience, vulnerability, and livelihood nexus in one of the worst cyclone-affected sub-districts “Mongla” in Bangladesh. Results obtained from the survey conducted in 2018 and 2019 explore the co-existence of climate change vulnerability and resilience at the rural household level. Additionally, the study identifies the role of assets (e.g., land, cash, and livestock) in order to enhance the resilience of poor inhabitants. Quantitative data have been collected using structured and semi-structured interviews. The outcome of the study demonstrates that the relationships between vulnerability and resilience are very complex and exist in the study area. An exciting outcome has revealed that in some places, more vulnerable people exhibit higher resilience capacity and vice versa. Furthermore, this research emphasizes that local livelihood systems may be improved if appropriate policies are considered by local government organizations in collaboration with multiple stakeholders. Consequently, the local citizens have to play their critical role to assist government policies in order to enhance resilience at the community level. Moreover, local residents can have a better understanding of their livelihood issues in the face of climate change.

Media usage, political interest and citizens’ issue attention to government annual report in China- evidence from 19 major cities

ABSTRACT A Government Annual Report (GAR) plays a critical role in signalling what issues governments at various levels in China paid attention to. Based on data from a survey conducted in June 2016, we divide GAR topics into two categories: macro-economic issue and citizen livelihood issue. On average, citizens are more interested in livelihood issue than economy issue in 19 cities in China. Our empirical analysis shows that media usage and political interest can explain the variation in issue attention among different citizens. We also find that the effect of political interest on livelihood issue can be mediated by social media.

The COVID-19 Pandemic: Conceptual Model for the Global Economic Impacts and Recovery

Since the outbreak at Wuhan in China, the contagious disease COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic is taking an unprecedented toll on global public health, economy, and livelihood issues. As the public health crisis is highly associated with economic affairs, it has grappled the global economy exponentially towards the dramatic downturn that pushed it into the worst recession after the great depression of the 1930s. The present review study aims to be summarized of the existing literature on the magnitude causes and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the people and business corporations and developed a conceptual model for the recovery of the world economy. The study revealed that people and business are suffering by vulnerable scenarios which have causes of effect on the existing economic indicators especially for microeconomic indicators such as jobless soaring, lowering income, higher health expenses, higher household expenses, low productivity, mental stress, lower consumption, social imbalance, the collapse of commodity prices, capital flow reversal, unemployment, fixed recurring expenses, the factory closed and heavy financial loses. However, for macro-economic indicators affected in the categories of the global financial crisis, global demand and supply shocks, volatile capital market, disruption in fiscal policy, disruption in monetary policy, severe unemployment problem, disruption in the aviation industry, disruption in international tourism and hospitality industry, disruption in global trade and commerce, disruption in the global supply chain, global public health emergency and global economic downturn. The present study concluded that the institutions have to play a major and mature role especially all government agencies as well as the non-government agencies by developing of right policies and laws and ensure of practices and coordination as well as increase awareness among the public and business accordingly. The study summarized strategic and policy guideline for the recovery of the global economy by strengthening the health care system, commodity market volatility fix-up, financial market restructuring, resumption of manufacturing and economic activity, special care for micro, small and medium scale enterprises, mitigate the unemployment problem, recovery package for tourism, hospitality and aviation sector, strengthening the global supply chain network, impacts on global immigration and remittance issues and develop sustainable development framework accordingly for recovery of the world economy.

Research and Planning of Smart City Based on Computer Big Data Participation

With the rapid development of domestic economy, the process of urbanization is accelerating. According to the national unification and the national economic operation data released by the Planning Bureau in 2015, the urbanization population accounts for the total population 56.1% of the total. The rapid development of urbanization has promoted the economic and social development of the city. However, the development of urbanization brings about a series of urban problems as well as urban economy. For example, urban resources are increasingly tense, urban environment is becoming worse, and urban livelihood issues are becoming more and more serious. The more complicated. It is everyone’s wish to promote the harmony of life and improve the quality of life. How to reasonably apply computer big data technology to the construction of smart city has become an important topic for researcher significance to improve the employment rate to give full play to the role of counselors in employment guidance.

Suggestion on the Strategies of Purifying the Safety Environment of Foods Purchasing Online in China and Strengthening the Government's Supervision and Control Functions

Food hygiene and safety is an extremely important issue of people's livelihood and people's hearts, it relates to the vital interests of thousands of households in China. There are all kinds of chaos and problems in foods purchasing online in China currently, it threatens the safety of the tongue of the Chinese people seriously. In order to better deal with and resolve these security risks, from the point of view of the government, it must shoulder the corresponding heavy burdens and responsibilities, vigorously purify the safe environment of foods purchasing online in China, adopt all necessary and effective administrative measures, strictly control over all links and the whole process of production and sales of foods sold online from various aspects, create a good safety environment for foods purchasing online, provide safety and guarantee for people to buy foods sold online, conscientiously safeguard and maintain the Chinese people's lives and health and property security.

What Drives Illegal Hunting with Dogs? Traditional Practice in Contemporary South Africa

Illegal hunting with dogs in rural South Africa converges around issues of conservation, resource use, and livelihood. Hunting with dogs has a long cultural history, tethered to tradition and subsistence. Today, it is tightly regulated but practiced outside the law. Academic literature and mainstream media alike paint a multidimensional picture of the phenomenon. Some sources portray disenfranchised people practicing a culturally significant livelihood strategy; others emphasize illegal hunting’s destructive nature, severed from traditional context. The drivers of illegal hunting in rural South Africa sit at the nexus of multiple gaps of scholarly insight, linked to a history of widespread stratification of land use, prohibition of traditional hunting, and systematic control of African possession of dogs. There is a need for ethnographic work rooted in environmental history to grapple with the complex connections underlying this issue.

Public Assets Management: Would Mutual Cooperation with other Actors in Forest and Wildlife Sectors Really Help?

The Government of Tanzania decided to cooperate with other actors particularly local communities in improving forest and wildlife management by approving Forest Policy 1998 and Wildlife Policy 2007 (RE). The decision to entrust local communities with control over forest and wildlife reserves can help in plummeting many of the ills such as human-wildlife conflicts, deforestation and poaching. However, giving managerial responsibilities to local communities without looking after their livelihood is something that need to be reconsidered. When JFM and WMA models were introduced, the expectation was the same would bring about an improved cooperation and livelihood of local population. The two models have been brought into Tanzania by development partners as part of the technical and financial support in managing forest and wildlife resources. Thus, these models neither originated from the local communities nor have their development priorities been considered, and that explains why livelihood outcomes of local communities have been poor. The paper suggests that MNRT and development partners should know that local communities have different expectations of improving their livelihood outcomes. The paper also suggests that MNRT should ensure that local communities are at the centre of any development support program, and they (i.e. local communities) should be the ones determining development priorities and influencing the institutions involved in the processes that affect their lives. The paper further suggests that any kind of future intervention must recognise, appreciate and respect the differences that exists among actors involved in forest and wildlife management such as overall well-being, gender, age, ethnicity, level of education etc. The MNRT should look at local communities as organisations which possess required knowledge and skills to manage their local forest and wildlife resources. MNRT should ensure that when livelihoods analysis is conducted, emphasis is placed on how people earn their living. MNRT should also ensure that there is a frequent reviews of the practices used to deal with various livelihood and vulnerability issues during implementation of a particular support program in forest and wildlife management. These reviews must be conducted on both sides (of MNRT and development partners on one hand as well as local communities involved on the other), in response to various changes particularly on vulnerability context that usually take place in an effort to avoid unintended consequences. Keywords : Local Communities’ Participation, Livelihood Outcomes, Forest and Wildlife Management, Tanzania DOI : 10.7176/DCS/10-5-07 Publication date :May 31st 2020

ФАРҒОНА ВОДИЙСИ ҚИШЛОҚ ЎҚИТУВЧИЛАРИНИНГ МАДАНИЙ-МАИШИЙ ТУРМУШ ТАРЗИ МАСАЛАЛАРИ (1960-1980 ЙИЛЛАР)

The article explores the life of rural teachers in the Ferghana Valley in the 1960s and 1980s based on decisions taken by the government on culture and livelihood issues,including housing, living conditions and industry through sources and literature

Land-use conflicts and social capital: the question of infrastructure projects in rural development

Interpersonal and inter-groups relationships based on social capital are a very critical and variable factor and could be a cause of cooperation or conflict among different actors. Conflicts related to land-use, especially infrastructure projects, happen in different forms over the world depending upon their intensity and have severe impacts on affected people in different ways regarding their position and their social inclusion. The article deals with the conflicts arising among different actors due to Diamer Bhasha Dam project in Pakistan. In order to assess these conflicts, we use different sources of data, mainly national and regional dailies, as well as interviews with experts and stakeholders. We examine different conflicts between affected people and governing bodies and also among different groups of local affected people over land and property rights. We show that a part of them is linked with the structure of social capital, be there a lack of communication between groups of bonding links within groups of people. The article further goes into compensation, resettlement and livelihood issues, poor planning, corruption and mismanagement of governing bodies and their impact on affected people. Finally, it provides policy measures and recommendations in the form of capacity building of affected people in different areas, more developmental projects in local area and public participation in different project activities.

Livelihood Issues amongst Scheduled Caste Women in Rural Bihar in the Outset of COVID-19 and the Way Ahead

Livelihood Issues amongst Scheduled Caste Women in Rural Bihar in the Outset of COVID-19 and the Way Ahead

The Research of Tai’an Big Data Ecological Status Based on IPV9

Abstract In recent years, medical problems have always been a topic of concern. With the improvement of people’s life quality, the attention to diseases has also reached a new height. It has also become a livelihood issue for the whole nation to enjoy low-cost and high-quality medical services. This paper researches the current situation of China’s medical treatment, summarizes the existing problems in China’s medical treatment, analyzes the development situation and opportunities of China’s big data in medical treatment, and finally introduces and analyzes the Tai ’an health ecosystem based on the independent and controllable new network IPV9 technology, and forecasts the brand-new digital medical network. In information age, new IT technology will inevitably become the key to the development of medical care.

Research for Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st Century

This paper posited that although the first Sub-Saharan African University was established in 1827, university research has yielded little significant result within the African space. A few reasons have been advanced to explain the situation. First, African universities have capacity to admit only 7% of qualified candidates. Secondly, Africa has not demanded solutions for its socio-economic challenges from African universities. Thirdly, African elites still hope that the operationalisation of the concept of globalisation will take care of the socio-economic development needs of Africa. The paper also identified the absence of additional pathways to education, unemployment and livelihood issues, an unorganised informal sector and a city life that is unresponsive to citizens’ efforts towards survival as a few of the challenges currently bedevilling the ordinary African person. These challenges speak to what may be viewed as compelling research agendas that promise to positively impact the development of Sub-Saharan Africa. The solutions that would most suitably address these concerns need to be derived from the wealth of knowledge (both traditional and modern) that can be adapted to the specific social, economic, environmental and psychological conditions of Africa. Key Words : Research agenda, Universities, unorganised informal sector, livelihoods, sustainable development

A Joint Control Model Based on Emission Rights Futures Trading for Regional Air Pollution That Accounts for the Impacts on Employment

To reduce air pollutant control costs and solve the problem of decreased employment caused by air pollution control, we established a double-objective optimization Joint Control Model (JCM) based on emission rights futures trading. The JCM calculates the spot price of emission rights, classifies regions in the trading market for emission rights into buyers and sellers, and calculates the optimal cooperative pollution abatement quantity. Compared with a non-cooperative control mode, the JCM generated benefits of US$2485.19 × 106. We then used a Game Quadratic Programming (GQP) method to distribute the benefits, and applied the JCM to a case study of the abatement of sulfur dioxide in China’s Shanxi, Henan, and Shaanxi provinces. We found that: (i) Compared with a JCM that does not account for employment, employment under the JCM increased by 3.20 × 103 people, and the pollution control cost decreased by US$11.20 × 106 under the JCM that considered employment. The effect of the latter model is better than that of the former. (ii) Employment under the JCM increased by 18.80 × 104 people compared with that under a territorial control mode, reducing the cost by US$99.73 × 106. The JCM is helpful for all participating regions to balance environmental and livelihood issues in the process of air pollution control to achieve sustainable development.

What predictors are associated with the social inclusion of people with disabilities? A comparison of community-based rehabilitation participants to the general population in Vietnam

Purpose To estimate which predictors from the World Health Organization’s Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) Indicators have the strongest association with the social inclusion of people with disabilities who participate in CBR compared to the general population. Methods Data were collected using the CBR Indicators survey in Vietnam, including both CBR participants and the general population. A social inclusion score was created using seven questions covering the domains of interpersonal relationships and community participation. Additional questions were used as predictors and were grouped into five theoretical categories: sociodemographic, health, education, livelihood, and empowerment. Multivariate linear regression was used to show which predictors had a significant association with social inclusion. Results Seven predictors (one health, three livelihood, and three empowerment) explained 70.9% of the variance in social inclusion for CBR participants and seven predictors (two health, one education, three livelihood, and one empowerment) explained 58.8% of the variance for the general population. Age, gender, education, employment, and self-rated health had non-significant associations in both populations. Conclusions Livelihood and empowerment predictors showed the strongest association with social inclusion of CBR participants, and livelihood predictors for the general population. CBR programs should emphasize livelihood and empowerment activities to increase social inclusion of people with disabilities. Implications for rehabilitation Social inclusion is a human right which has emerged as a major priority in the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. People with disabilities continue to experience low levels of social inclusion. It is important to determine which factors have the greatest impact on the social inclusion of people with disabilities. Although Community-Based Rehabilitation programs are often health focused, this study found that empowerment and livelihood predictors had the greatest association with social inclusion. Programs aiming to improve the social inclusion of people with disabilities should target empowerment and livelihood issues.