Issues Of International Cooperation Research Articles

The Value of Forensic DNA Database

This paper explores the importance and impact of DNA databases in forensic investigations. It responds to a recent publication by Kostiuchenko, Vynohradova, Sereda, Svoboda, and Polunina (2024), highlighting challenges in setting up and using DNA databases. These challenges include logistical, staffing, legal, security, growth, public interest, and international cooperation issues. By examining South Africa's successful NFDD implementation, the authors stress the need for thorough planning and implementing a comprehensive value chain. Drawing insights from South Africa's successful NFDD implementation, the authors emphasise the importance of meticulous planning and implementing a value chain. This value chain should cover DNA evidence collection, follow-up investigations, and presenting evidence in court.

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and application of nanoadditives in diesel fuel: bibliometric analysis

The problem of obtaining metal nanoparticles considering environmental risks in connection with the use of synthesis products in mixtures of new types of diesel fuel has been studied. An analysis of existing research on these topics was carried out. Based on the data sets obtained using the Dimensions and OpenAlex services, the characteristics of the studies were determined. To analyze the problem of green synthesis of nanoparticles, a dataset of 6,062 journal articles published from 2001 to October 2023 was used. The use of nanoparticles as diesel fuel components was investigated using a dataset of 540 journal articles published from 2005 to October 2023. The leading countries and organizations by the number of publications and citations have been identified. Based on the analysis of coauthorship, the issue of international cooperation is considered. The most significant publications were determined by the number of citations. Using methods of visual analysis of data on research keywords, their trends and prospects were determined. In addition, an assessment was made of the development of the problem of using “green” methods for obtaining nanoparticles used as components of diesel fuel.

International cooperation of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine with the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in countering the challenges of transnational crime and conducting international search for criminals

The article is devoted to the issues of international cooperation of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine with the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) to intensify actions aimed strengthening security at own borders, counteracting the challenges of transnational crime and conducting international search for criminals with the help of existing international organizations.
 It is emphasized that Ukraine’s participation in international organizations is an integral part of the state’s foreign policy, which makes it possible to cope with all the negative phenomena and problems that Ukraine is facing in this difficult time.
 The author examines the historical aspects of the establishment and further development of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex).
 The author analyzes the role of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in the process of international search for criminals, which is conducted jointly with law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, since the organization provides assistance in searching for criminals using its powerful technical and resource potential.
 Attention is paid to the aims and objectives of the international organization, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) tointensify actions related to strengthening security at own borders and counteracting the challenges of transnational crime.
 The author analyzes the EUROSUR communication channel used by Frontex as a system for exchanging information on the situation on European borders and in the border area.
 The author also discusses the issues of cooperation between law enforcement agencies of Ukraine and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex), which includes assistance in sharing experience and previously acquired skills to overcome negative trends occurring at the borders of Ukraine, to strengthen its own security, to counteract the challenges of cross-border crime and to support national authorities in identifying persons on the international wanted list, which is extremely necessary in such a difficult time.

The new EU energy security reality and its impact on the wider Black Sea region

This brief in-depth research “The new EU energy security reality and its impact on the wider Black Sea region” on a security Studies was organized by David Aghmashenebeli National Defence Academy of Georgia, Germany. Its goal is to support the security of the Wider Black Sea Region energy supply chains. The purpose of this project is to answer to the main question: Will EU energy security impact the south-eastern flank of the Euro-Atlantic space. Russia's war in Ukraine has created new problems that are not addressed by outdated security programs and old-fashioned traditional defence approaches. That the war in Ukraine is not the cause of a future conflict against the world order is not a new point of view, furthermore, the war in Ukraine is one of the results of the already existing conflict. It is a real possibility that the Kremlin will continue its aggressive foreign policy towards its neighbours and neighbours of neighbours in order to consolidate global power and "legitimacy". The eternal war in the region exposed the EU’s economic weaknesses in energy exports and supply chains. Military professionals believe that whoever controls the east of the Euro-Atlantic space and/or dominates the Black Sea, can easily project power on the European continent, Central Europe, the Mediterranean, the North/South Caucasus and the Middle East. Russia eternal war has shown us more dependence, weaponization, interference and more vulnerability of the EU Countries; Security is no longer based on the previously established rules. In the near future It’s unlikely that relations between the EU and Russia will be based on beneficial energy relations. The European Union is moving beyond the binary dependency that binds international actors, creating a new reality in which the inclusiveness of energy security extends to several different areas, diversification will be critical for the EU. Supply chains are complicated and messy, it’s implausible to make positive changes overnight. Taking into account Russia sharp growth in military spending, its ability to integrate state resources and masses and it’s "great propensity for risk" makes Russia both a “capable and unpredictable actor”. Russia's blackmail to use nuclear weapons indicates that Kremlin is losing the war due to lack of ammunition and low technological capabilities and in the short term wants to take this war into a protracted or frozen conflict phase. According to the analysis of the processes of the recent past, the stability of the region cannot be successful and effective only with the support of NATO member states on EU's eastern flank. NATO, EU and their partners should have an emergency and long-term assistance strategy for the parties. From the lesson learnt in the last 30+ years on international cooperation issues it is vital that in the next 10-30 years the Euro-Atlantic and regional countries (except Russia) in the region, must counter challenges with collective deterrence of cooperation. Actively promoting stability is possible through the existence of the theory of Russian deterrence. Stability should be achieved by promoting collective deterrence and integration of Russia; a strategy of emergency and long-term assistance not only for alliance members, but also for partners, plus collective deterrence equals fixing and integration of Russia. Speeches and workshops used in editing this paper, Organized by the Research and Policy Analysis Department (RPA) project of Strategic Competition Seminar Series-FY23 SCSS of George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies (GCMC) at Workshop I held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 20-24 February 2023 entitled “Alternative Ukrainian Future Trajectories: Implications for Russia and the West” and Workshop II held in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2023“ (A summary of FY23 SCSS#8 hybrid seminar entitled “What if? Russian Variables, Inflection Points and Game Changers?” at SCSS Workshop II) have been very supportive in the preparation of the paper. For the EU and its partners in the region to support the most desirable outcomes and mitigate the worst considering all scenarios discussed in the paper includes following key take-aways: 1. Relationships and cooperation matter 2. Security guarantees matter

Cooperation with third countries in combating money laundering in the face of modern challenges

Abstract The study is devoted to the issue of international cooperation in combating money laundering as a transnational crime. It is an original scientific article, the purpose of which is to highlight the difficulties that, in the current global situation, are posed by cooperation with third countries, i.e., those that are not members of the European Union. The analysis covers several thematic areas that are of key importance in this regard (using the formal dogmatic method). The specificity of the regulations in force in other countries was also indicated, particularly in the context of modern technologies and threats of cyber-laundering (incorporating elements of the legal and comparative method). As a result, conclusions were drawn regarding the challenges that the fight against laundering raises on the international arena, extending beyond the structures of the EU. The conclusion suggests directions for actions that would be desirable to undertake in order to ensure effective international cooperation with third countries in the field of combating money laundering.

МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ОРГАНИЗОВАННЫХ ФОРМ ВНЕШНЕЙ ТРУДОВОЙ МИГРАЦИИ

Based on the analysis of international agreements concluded by the Russian Federation and practical experience, the article examines the issues of international cooperation in terms of organized forms of realization by foreign citizens of the right to work, as well as international legal regulation of such activities. Based on the analysis, the directions of improving the quality of international coop-eration in this area are proposed.

Regarding the issue of international cooperation in against genocide (on the example of crimes committed by the russia against the ukrainian people)

In this scientific work, the authors made another attempt to consider the issue of genocide in international law. At the same time, today the issue of consideration of genocide on the territory of an independent, legal, democratic, social state with a market economy – Ukraine, which continues to be committed by the Russian Federation on the sovereign territories of the state, is quite relevant. Due to Russian aggression, the civilian population is dying on the territory of Ukraine. Every day, the Russian army attacks the critical infrastructure of Ukraine, which is damaged, leaving a large area without gas, heat, light, water, etc.
 In the scientific article, an attempt was made to consider the prospects for the prevention and countermeasures of genocide, the main influencing factors.
 In today’s conditions, the authors considered a number of international legal frameworks, in particular, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948, the Statute of the International Military Tribunal, the Geneva Conventions and Protocols adopted in 1977, 2005, etc., it can be confidently stated that the actions of the aggressor state can be qualified as committing genocide against the Ukrainian people.
 The scientific article states that institutions of international responsibility were created to prevent crimes of genocide: the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and the International Tribunal in The Hague. The United Nations system as a whole, including all departments and specialized agencies, such as the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Office of Legal Affairs, the Department of Political Affairs, the Department of Public Information, is expected to play an important role in preventing genocide, Department of Peacekeeping, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and some others.
 Let’s pay attention to the methods of recognition and identification of genocide, based on the above- mentioned institutions, and another attempt was made to consider in detail the legal definition of genocide as an international crime, the perspectives and at the same time the most problematic areas of genocide regulation were considered. We should also not forget about the official data on the number of victims due to aggression by the russia.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION BODIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ORGANIZED CRIME IN THE FIELD OF TAXATION

The article deals with the issues of international cooperation between law enforcement agencies of states and international organizations in combating organized crime in the field of taxation. The forms and directions of the interaction of pre-trial investigation bodies with law enforcement agencies of other countries in countering organized crime in the field of taxation are analyzed. The study studied international treaties, the legislation of states (Ukraine, Germany, Poland, Italy), scientific achievements of scientists, statistical data on registered criminal offences and the results of their pre-trial investigation, and materials of criminal proceedings. According to the results of the study, the interaction of investigative units with other law enforcement agencies and their units in Ukraine, as well as law enforcement agencies of other states, is proposed to be considered in two senses. One of them – is a guide, the principle of organization, which should guide the investigation process. The second – as a structural element of the methodology for investigating certain types of crimes, which should contain information about the experience of interaction of the investigator with other departments of law enforcement agencies, government agencies and public organizations, and, if necessary, with law enforcement agencies from other countries of the world (international cooperation). The levels of international cooperation in combating crimes in the field of taxation committed by organized criminal groups are determined: bilateral (allows to take into account the peculiarities of law enforcement activities of each party to a greater extent, to agree on issues that are not equally regulated by the national legislation of each of them); regional (based on the principle of territoriality and allows taking into account the interests of the states of a particular region); universal (cooperation is carried out on the basis of Ukraine’s participation in world international organizations). Forms of international cooperation in the field of combating crime are international legal assistance (conducting investigators and other legal proceedings, etc.), extradition of a person suspected of committing a crime (extradition institute), taking over of criminal proceedings; transfer of convicts to deprivation of liberty for further execution of punishment; international search; information exchange. Proposals have been formulated to improve the interaction of investigative units with law enforcement agencies of other states in combating organized crime in the field of taxation based on the provisions of the Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters of 2001 on the possibility of direct communication between the competent authorities of Ukraine and the competent ones.

Management of the Republic of Turkey fuel and energy complex: structure and legal regulation

The article examines the management structure of the fuel and energy complex of Turkey as a system of coordinating the activities of state organisations with a certain degree of autonomy that has taken shape over the past two decades. The authors emphasise that this management system is characterised by a sign of decentralisation, which is manifested by the delegation and distribution of a number of powers between subordinate structures. It is assumed that the established tradition in management gives the system flexibility in making significant decisions, which is extremely necessary in conditions of uncertainty in the global hydrocarbon market. The article also analyses the established regulatory framework in the field of regulating the activities of management bodies in the fuel and energy complex of Turkey. The authors focus on two main documents – the president R.T. Erdogan decree, which defined the general principles of the key management body – the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, and the energy development plan for the period 2019–2023, which outlines the main tasks and objectives of the management bodies. Special attention is paid to issues of international cooperation. The authors believe that under the current conditions, more active cooperation between Russian and Turkish businesses will help strengthen the positions of Russian oil and gas companies in the energy market in the Eastern Mediterranean, the Middle East and the European Union. In the course of the research, both general theoretical methods of scientific cognition characteristic of most branches of science and special methods used in such branches of knowledge as management theory, law and economics found practical application.

Scientific and technical activities in the sphere of transborder cooperation: european experience

Today, the issue of international cooperation is extremely acute and is of great importance both for the political and economic life of any country, and for the scientific and technical component of state development. In modern conditions, when the concept of borders as a separate strip between individual states has practically disappeared, the importance of establishing close cooperation between border areas is of invaluable benefit not only to these territories, but to the country as a whole. Not least, this fact concerns the scientific and technical sphere. The concept, essence and content of such an area of international cooperation as cross-border cooperation is given in the publication. It has been established that the institutional basis for cross-border cooperation is implemented through the creation of the so-called Euroregions. Successful examples of cooperation between European countries in the context of scientific and technical cooperation are presented. It is concluded that in order to further develop international cooperation between Ukraine and the member countries of the European Union, in particular, in the scientific and technical field, it is necessary to deepen contacts within the framework of cross-border cooperation. To achieve these goals, first of all, it is necessary to update the domestic regulatory framework in this area, modernize it, reforming it to the requirements of European legislation.

Assessing the International Multi-Hazard Disaster Risk Governance in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region

The Mekong River Basin faces various interconnected hazards caused by climate risks and human development activities such as rapid hydropower dam construction that may increase disaster risks to downstream countries. Given its multi-hazards and transboundary impacts, it is imperative to create effective, regional-level disaster risk governance across the Mekong Sub-Region’s countries. There are several established cooperation frameworks in the region including the Mekong River Commission (MRC) and the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC). However, the effectiveness of the regional platforms in governing disasters in the region remains to be understudied, especially in the context of addressing cascading, multihazard risks in the Mekong River Basin. Hence, this paper aims to assess the regional capacity and effectiveness as a regional platform for addressing multihazard and transboundary disaster risks. This paper will utilize a qualitative research method, including desk review and content analysis of relevant literature and policies. For the analytical approach, the paper will also examine how the region employs soft-political collaboration through the International Regime theory. By incorporating perspectives of disaster risk governance and international cooperation issues in the Mekong region, this interdisciplinary study provides a novel angle for the DRR field. Findings from this study are also expected to contribute to achieving the SFDRR Target F of enhancing international cooperation in DRR.

Pomoc polskich miast na prawach powiatu udzielana ukraińskim partnerom współpracy międzynarodowej w okresie rosyjskiej agresji. Przykład województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego

The aim of the research is to verify the admissibility of granting financial and material aid to territorial units from Ukraine by Polish cities with poviat rights. Consideration was also given to the state and scale of cooperation between cities with county rights (i.e. Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Włocławek) from the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship and their partners from Ukraine during the period of Russian aggression. The paper uses the method of content analysis, in addition, own research was carried out involving local governments from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and the results are presented. The results of the research in this paper proved that there is a legal possibility on the basis of the Act on local self-government (at the same time bearing in mind the provisions of the Act on public finances) to provide financial support from one’s own budget in the form of financial aid and in-kind support in the form of aid in kind to “local and regional communities” in Ukraine, including during the period of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. In addition, the article found that all surveyed Polish local governments implemented international cooperation focused on humanitarian aid to Ukrainian partners. The article is original in nature and was devoted entirely to the issue of international cooperation during the period of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine.

Pomoc polskich miast na prawach powiatu udzielana ukraińskim partnerom współpracy międzynarodowej w okresie rosyjskiej agresji. Przykład województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego

The aim of the research is to verify the admissibility of granting financial and material aid to territorial units from Ukraine by Polish cities with poviat rights. Consideration was also given to the state and scale of cooperation between cities with county rights (i.e. Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Włocławek) from the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship and their partners from Ukraine during the period of Russian aggression. The paper uses the method of content analysis, in addition, own research was carried out involving local governments from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and the results are presented. The results of the research in this paper proved that there is a legal possibility on the basis of the Act on local self-government (at the same time bearing in mind the provisions of the Act on public finances) to provide financial support from one’s own budget in the form of financial aid and in-kind support in the form of aid in kind to “local and regional communities” in Ukraine, including during the period of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. In addition, the article found that all surveyed Polish local governments implemented international cooperation focused on humanitarian aid to Ukrainian partners. The article is original in nature and was devoted entirely to the issue of international cooperation during the period of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine.

Procedural and organizational aspects of electronic evidence collection during international cooperation

The article is devoted to issues of international cooperation during criminal proceedings and features of electronic evidence collection, which are managed by a foreign service provider. The Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine does not contain a definition of electronic evidence, but criminal justice is increasingly faced with the need to collect, evaluate and use such evidence for sentencing. The lack of normative certainty does not contribute to the unity of judicial practice, the issue of evaluating electronic evidence obtained within the framework of international legal assistance is especially acute. In such situations, it is necessary to assess the legality of the law enforcement agency's activities, compliance with conventional guarantees of human rights compliance, fulfillment of obligations to use electronic evidence exclusively in the proceedings in which it was obtained, to check the fact of repeated appeals to the central body of international cooperation in another state with a request for permission to use such evidence in other proceedings, when such a need arose, etc.
 Courts consider prosecutor's requests for temporary access to electronic data or to conduct a search, sometimes making mistakes in specifying the jurisdiction where the evidence originated or where the consequences of the criminal activity occurred. Procedural requirements, which are provided for by international acts, determine the need to apply to the state in whose territory the entity that owns, accumulates and manages data is located. The content of the request submitted to the court must be substantively consistent with the type of electronic evidence and the method of obtaining it in another jurisdiction, which is not always taken into account (request for preservation of evidence/preservation of evidence).
 The collection of electronic evidence takes place through a complex procedure of interaction between law enforcement agencies, service providers, liaison officers, and attaché officers working in the embassies of different states. Therefore, in addition to procedural aspects, it is advisable to take into account the legislation of other states for the effective use of organizational rules (the most effective channels for obtaining evidence).
 The study of gaps in the current legislation and the recommendations of international experts contributes to the formation of a holistic theoretical vision of the normative consolidation of international mutual legal assistance for obtaining electronic evidence and the introduction of proposals for the consolidation of such a mechanism in the special law of Ukraine.

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE FIGHT AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME

This scientific article provides a systematic analysis of the international legal foundations of cooperation in the fight against transnational organized crime. In the article, the author tried to highlight the theoretical aspects of the issue of international cooperation of law enforcement agencies in the system of combating transnational organized crime. The content and essence of the concepts “international criminal group” and “international criminal community”, which were considered relevant today, were also analyzed in this article. The comparative analysis of the author on international conventions, declarations, and legislation of foreign countries served as a reflection of the specifics of this article. Moreover, the relevance of the research topic is because the commission of transnational organized crimes is characterized by the use of modern technical means and technologies. The predicted result was a significant increase in the number of serious crimes of a transnational nature. The lack of proper legal cooperation between States leads to the emergence and spread of dangerous practices when criminals, committing a crime in one State, illegally cross the borders of another in order to avoid justice and criminal prosecution. The problem of disclosure, investigation, and prevention of transnational organized crimes within the framework of international cooperation in criminal matters is the most urgent today.

Renewable Energy Sources: International Legal Mechanisms for Cooperation between the EU Member States

INTRODUCTION. The gradual reorientation of the global energy system from carbon energy to renewables (solar, wind, tidal energy etc.) aimed at reducing human-caused environmental changes raises the issue of international cooperation in this area. Moreover, energy security issues being closely connected with the ones of national security, the international agenda on renewable energy sources is highly influenced by the geopolitical situation, too. The author analyzes the legal mechanisms for cooperation regarding renewable energy between the Member States of the European Union, an international organization that, aiming to reduce its dependence on carbon energy resources from Russia, focuses, among other things, on developing the most effective ways of such cooperation. The author defends the thesis that a legal assessment of such mechanisms' advantages and disadvantages will help assess the potential for their conceptual adaptation within the platforms where Russia's regional cooperation is implemented (i. e. the Eurasian Economic Union and the Arctic Council). MATERIALS AND METHODS. In the course of the study, the author used sources of EU law (regulations, directives) regulating cooperation between the Member States in the field of renewable energy, international agreements concluded in accordance therewith, as well as studies of foreign scientific works on the issues of implementation of the relevant rules. Furthermore,assessing the possibilities of using the relevant mechanisms in regional organizations of which Russia is a member, the author uses international treaties, declarations and decisions of bodies of such internationalorganizations as the CIS, the EAEU, and the Arctic Council. The methodological basis of the study was formed by general scientific techniques (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, classification, systematization, forecasting) and private scientific techniques (formal legal and comparative legal method). RESEARCH RESULTS. The article provides a comprehensive legal analysis of the three main mechanisms for cooperation between EU Member States (statistical transfers, joint projects and joint support schemes). Several issues were identified that reduce their effectiveness, including uncertainty regarding the extension of the deadlines for their application after 2030, the lack of sanctions for non-compliance with mandatory targets provided for by the relevant directives, sovereignty restrictions and, in this regard, insufficient motivation for their application. It is noted that the main incentive for using the outlined mechanisms is the Member States' binding statistical goals in renewable energy use in their national energy mix. Nevertheless, despite the above issues, the author points out that the ideas of the EU legal regulation at present, after its detailed study, can be attributed to the "best practices" of international legal regulation of the use of renewable energy. In this regard, the conceptual foundations of the cooperation mechanisms between the EU Member States can be used in developing interaction within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Arctic Council (as an organization within which key decisions are made regarding the environmental security of the Arctic region). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Within the research framework, the author analyzed the EU directives and regulations governing the procedures for cooperation between its Member States regarding renewable energy and the practice of implementing such procedures. These interaction mechanisms encouraging states to achieve their own binding goals in renewable energy use seem optimal for developing international legal measures to support RES in organizations and forums with the participation of Russia. The author concludes that one of the most effective areas of such cooperation could be the development of appropriate mechanisms within the framework of the EAEU. This organization aims to integrate the market systems of the member states. Therefore, a limited circle of its members could make it possible to avoid many political contradictions that have already arisen in the negotiations on similar mechanisms in the CIS. In addition, given the strategic importance of the Arctic region for Russia, the ideas of these mechanisms could also be considered in the Arctic Council. Although, at the moment, the work of this international forum has been suspended as a reaction of other Arctic states to Russia's actions regarding the Ukrainian crisis, it does not seem to be a viable option to solve the issues of preserving the ecosystem of the Arctic.

Issues of international cooperation of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Prevention of corruption crimes

Issues of international cooperation of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Prevention of corruption crimes

Issues of international cooperation in criminal proceedings: Some problems of reform

It is studied reforming’s problems of the teamwork between countries in the field of criminal justice. The fundamental principles on which the teamwork of countries in the struggle with transnational crime is built, both generally accepted and enshrined in the lawmaking of the Republic of Azerbaijan, as well as the principles that were studied in the works of foreign scientists, were analyzed. After analyzing these principles, the authors identified problematic aspects of the existing teamwork between the efforts of countries in the area of resisting transnational crime, suggested possible ways to solve them. Separately, the authors of the article studied and analyzed the problem of reforming legislation in the sphere of the teamwork of countries in the area of resisting transnational crime at different levels, taking into account the latest global trends in the area of resisting transnational crime. It is defined that the Republic of Azerbaijan is a democratic state in the sphere of the teamwork of countries in the area of resisting multinational crime. An analysis was made of the cause-and-effect relationships between globalization and digitalization of the world community, and crime without borders, their impact in the aggregate on the international teamwork of countries in this area.

The Challenge of Societal Recognition of Humanitarian and Development NGO Practitioners in Japan: A Volunteer or a Professional?

Over the last three decades, Japanese NGOs have become increasingly engaged in the delivery of Japanese foreign aid, and humanitarian responses to national emergencies. Despite these attainments, a lack of recognition for the Japanese NGO sector among the domestic audience remains noticeable. The article proposes that, despite the increasing professionalization and professionalism of the Japanese NGO sector, the activities of practitioners are frequently construed as volunteering. Additionally, the article contends that concerns about the anti-government or “political” undertone to NGO activities and diminishing interest in international cooperation issues constitute a considerable challenge to fostering recognition and building domestic constituencies for development and humanitarian NGOs. Finally, the dominant approach to the non-profit and voluntary sector in Japan promoted by the government in the post-1995/1998 climate is discussed as a consequential hindrance to the process of establishing Japanese NGOs’ aid work as a professional knowledge-based enterprise in the public sphere.

SOME ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL COOPERATION IN COMBAT AGAINST CORRUPTION

The article focuses on the issues of international cooperation of the Prosecutors’ Office on the provision of legal assistance in criminal matters, such as corruption. Besides that, the article is dedicated to the matters concerning the cooperation Prosecutors’ Office in terms of fighting against crime within the regional scope of international organizations. The author of this scientific article revealed the essence and main directions of international cooperation of the Prosecutors’ Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan to combat transnational crime and corruption in the context of digital globalization and the integration of the world community. Moreover, the relevance of the research topic is because the commission of such crimes is characterized by the use of modern technical means and high-tech facilities of air and land transport, a high transcontinental level of organization and real support of many, including illegal, financial sources. The predicted result of such activities was a significant increase in the number of serious crimes of a transnational nature.