Capacity Issues Research Articles

Clustering engineering in tellurium-doped glass fiber for broadband optical amplification

Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is recognized as one of the leading technologies for resolving the internet data traffic capacity issue. Although the successful development of rare-earth doped fiber amplifiers enables to achieve optical signal amplification in various telecommunication wavebands, their bandwidth is limited by the inherent sharp 4f electronic transition. Here, we propose the clustering engineering strategy in tellurium (Te)-doped glass fiber for broadband optical amplification. The correlation among the glass system, chemical state of Te and the optical response are systematically studied. The active Te-doped phosphate glass with intense and broadband luminescence is successfully achieved by control of the cluster state of the Te atoms. Subsequently, Te-activated phosphate fiber is successfully drawn and the optical response is transferred smoothly. Importantly, the amplified spontaneous emission and broadband optical amplification are achieved for the first time in Te-doped glass fiber. A small signal on-off gain covering an ultra-wide range of O + E + S + C + L bands is observed under excitation at 808 nm. Our results establish a critical step toward advancing Te-based photonic materials for novel broadband fiber amplifiers serviced in telecommunication system.

Bi2S3/rGO nanocomposites with covalent heterojunctions as a high-performance aqueous zinc ion battery material

Bismuth(III) sulfide (Bi2S3) is a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), yet suffers from serious capacity issues due to its poor electrical conductivity and microstructural degradations. In this work, Bi2S3 anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is prepared through hydrothermal reaction and is used as cathode material for aqueous ZIBs. Raman and XPS characterizations confirmed that the oxygen bridge in Bi–O–C heterostructures is successfully created during the hydrothermal synthesis. These oxygen bridges are energy favourable in the Bi2S3/rGO composite materials and serve as the electron transfer channels for rapid charge compensation during Zn2+ incorporation/extraction. Rotating ring–disc electrode (RRDE) measurements demonstrate improved electrochemical stability of the Bi2S3/rGO composite material compared to pristine Bi2S3. As a result of these improved characteristics, Bi2S3/rGO composite shows notably better rate performance and cycling stability than unsupported Bi2S3. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and XPS characterizations indicate that Zn2+ undergoes a reversible conversion reaction with Bi2S3 to form ZnS/Bi0, rather than being intercalated into Bi2S3 crystal interlayers. The rGO substrate forms chemical bonds with bismuth in the composite material, and the strongly anchored bismuth on the rGO through a Bi–O–C bridge enables a highly reversible conversion reaction. As a result, the Bi2S3/rGO composite with 8 wt% rGO can deliver a reversible capacity of ∼186 mAh g−1 at the current density of 500 mA g−1 after 150 cycles, showing high promise as Zn-ion battery material.

An efficient entropy-based stopping rule for mitigating risk factors in supply nets

Potential supply-net risk factors include capacity issues, currency volatility, design changes, frequent changes in tax regulations, unsafe information systems, and port shutdowns. Such risk factors make it challenging for decision makers to design efficient risk-management procedures and minimize the operational costs associated with mitigating these risks. Since complete information about all risks is generally not available, we utilize an axiomatic approach, based on the notion of entropy, to develop an efficient solution procedure. The strategy involves developing a stopping rule that enables the decision maker to decide online whether or not to continue investing in the acquisition of information about risk factors. The problem is formulated as a non-linear integer optimization model. We develop sufficient conditions for the entropy function such that a unique global solution is obtained.A case study that addresses risks associated with the transportation of aquatic products in refrigerated containers demonstrates the superior performance of the stopping rule relative to a standard risk-assessment procedure. In addition, numerous computerized experiments are carried out, under different problem settings, to compare the stopping rule with an anticipative optimum. The cost incurred when using the stopping rule is found to be no more than 0.4% higher than the cost of the anticipative optimum (the lower bound for the objective). These findings clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed stopping rule for a wide range of problem sizes.

Telehealth Challenges for California Rural Hospitals in Reaching Latino Populations During COVID-19

Background Rural and remote communities were especially vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic due to the availability and capacity of rural health services. Research has found that key issues surrounded (1) the lack of staff, (2) the need for coordinated health services, and (3) operational and facility issues. Similarly, research also confirms that irrespective of hospital capacity issues existing during crisis, compared to urban communities, rural communities typically face poorer access to health services. Telehealth programs have long held promise for addressing health disparities perpetuated by inadequate health care access. In response to the current COVID-19 pandemic, Adventist Health Saint Helena Hospital, a rural hospital in northern California, urgently worked to expand telehealth services. However, as Adventist Health Saint Helena Hospital is the longest-serving rural hospital in the state of California, administrators were also able to draw on experiences from the pandemic of 1918/1919. Understanding their historically rural and heavily Latino populations, their telehealth approach was coupled with cultural approaches for prioritizing socially responsive and equitable access to health services. Objective This study aimed to present one rural community’s holistic sociotechnical response to COVID-19 in redesigning their health care delivery approach. Redesign efforts included the expansion of digital health services coupled with county-wide collaborations for nondigital mobile health centers, testing, and vaccination clinics to meet the needs of those with limited digital access and language barriers. Methods We present data on telehealth services for maintaining critical care services and a framework on the feasibility of private-public partnerships to address COVID-19 challenges. Results In this paper, we provide a critical review of how a rural hospital adapted its health care approach to incorporate telehealth services and distance services to meet the needs of a diverse population. Conclusions This paper contributes empirical data on how rural communities can use telehealth technologies and community partnerships for a holistic community approach to meet health needs during a natural disaster. Conflicts of Interest None declared.

141 Translational Barriers, Facilitators, and Benefits of Impactful Research on Health Inequities in the Criminal Justice System

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: - Illuminate processes and findings of a translational science case study of impactful research with incarcerated pregnant women and mothers; - Improve our understanding of the translational mechanisms by sharing translational challenges, facilitators, an METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Utilized the following evaluation methods and tools: - The Retrospective Translational Science Case Study protocol to examine translational path from innovation to policy and practice, barriers and facilitators for that translational movement. - Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) Checklist for translational/research impact analysis Triangulated diverse data sources: - Primary data: semi-structured interviews with research partners - Secondary data: researchers’ grant applications, reports, and publications; public stories/news related to their research; scientific publications; organizational/policy documents; and over 50 interviews with 30 stakeholders featured in published sources. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The research contributed to community and public health, policy/legislative, clinical/medical, and economic benefits, social/institutional change, health equity advocacy, catalyzing research (consequent research studies) and public awareness. Translational research challenges: cultural differences between research and prison system; politics of translating research to policy change; issues of capacity, power, privilege, and opportunity when doing community-engaged research; and science vs. social justice criticism. Facilitators of translation: CTSA support; stakeholder engagement; authentic collaboration; researchers as translation catalysts; and engagement in legislative activities. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The evaluation case study provides useful knowledge about translational impact, challenges, and facilitators of community-based research that moved along the translational continuum and contributed to transformational, systemic changes on the legal, clinical, organizational, and interpersonal levels.

Inclusion of adults with conditions that have the potential to affect capacity and or communication in research: triangulation from a mixed-methods study of current practice and values across multiple stakeholders

ObjectivesWe aimed to: (A) describe researcher decision-making when including or excluding adults with conditions that have the potential to affect capacity and/or communication in research and (B) explore the underlying...

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE BEARING CAPACITY OF PILE FOUNDATIONS UNDER CONDITIONS OF FROZEN SOIL WARMING

In recent years, an increase in average annual air temperatures has been recorded. Buildings collapsed in the northern regions, but the exact causes were not reported. However, it can be assumed that this is due to climate warming. Hence, there is a need to study the issue of the bearing capacity of piles in new conditions. The article deals with the actual problem of increasing the bearing capacity of pile foundations in the conditions of warming of frozen soils. The purpose of the article is to experimentally study models of anchor piles, the structural arrangement of which will increase the bearing capacity of pile foundations. To prevent the vertical settlement of the pile, a method is proposed, the essence of which consists in the device of stops (anchors) fixed on the factory pile. Experimental studies have been carried out with a comparison of the bearing capacity between models with and without anchors, as well as a study of the bearing capacity of the end face of the pile model. In the course of the preliminary experiment with pile models, the following production methods were worked out: wells, pile models with anchors, anchor structures, as well as a method for measuring the settlement of the pile model. It has been established that the butt of the pile model does not provide a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the pile. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that the use of one anchor in the design of the pile model is not enough to increase the bearing capacity of the pile structure. As a result of preliminary experiments, it was found that preliminary drilling of wells leads to filling them with water, which excludes the possibility of assessing the study of the bearing capacity of the end of the model.

Synthesis of high-specific-capacity Prussian blue analogues for sodium-ion batteries boosted by grooved structure

To address the issues of low specific capacity and poor cycle performance of Prussian blue analogues as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, this work performed surface etching modification on the synthesized Fe0.8Co0.2HCF with a regular cubic structure and optimized its electrochemical performance. The resulting grooved structure further enhanced the electrode material significantly. The results show that the etched sample delivers a discharge capacity of 153.3 mAh/g at 0.5 C and retains 83.3% after 200 cycles at 2 C. When the rate returns from 16 C to 0.5 C, the discharge capacity can be maintained at about 90.7%. Based on experimental analysis and theoretical calculation, the improved electrochemical performance of the etched sample is mainly attributed to the following three aspects: (1) fast diffusion of Na+; (2) reduced water content; (3) large contact area between electrode and electrolyte.

북한의 지속가능발전목표 이행에 관한 연구

Purpose: Based on the compliance theory and the institutionalist approach, this article is intended to assess North Korea’s compliance levels of No Poverty goal under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
 Originality: Although SDGs stands for advanced global norms, its application constitutes significant challenges for the developing world. For the better achievement of SDG within the global community, this paper highlights country-specific limitations and opportunities for SDG compliance and implementation through the case of North Korea.
 Methodology: For the analysis, this study conducts content analysis on a range of documents and information released by the North Korean government, including the Voluntary National Review (2021) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2018). In order to evaluate the direct and indirect availability of poverty data (including estimates), relevant academic works and reports are also reviewed.
 Result: To assess and explain North Korea’s weak compliance, this study does not stick to the issue of statistical capacity only. For incorporating the wider institutional contexts, the localization of the global discourse on poverty and the internal structure for SDG implementation are also highlighted. Despite the country’s willingness, due to the communist tradition as well as regime justification, we interpret that the country still shows strategic but roundabout behavior in adopting the global concept of poverty.
 Conclusion and Implication: This study concludes with recommendations that can help North Korea improve its compliance with the SDG.

Biases, Accommodations, and the Process Details for Americans with Disabilities Act Mediation

Last month, the authors presented an ADA case study on capacity issues, the application of the Model Standards of Conduct for Mediators, and some of the factors that limit a participant's ability to mediate. In this issue's Part 3, the focus is on bias and the need to preserve the parties' self‐determination. The first two parts of this series can be found at “Focusing on the Neutral's Role in Setting Up Americans with Disabilities Act Mediation,” 41 Alternatives 39 (March 2023) (available at https://bit.ly/3EEnWDj), and “ADA Mediation, Updated: Revisiting 30 Years of Disabilities Practice,” 41 Alternatives 19 (February 2023) (available at bit.ly/3jTICQE).

How do stroke early supported discharge services achieve intensive and responsive service provision? Findings from a realist evaluation study (WISE)

BackgroundStroke Early Supported Discharge (ESD) involves provision of responsive and intensive rehabilitation to stroke survivors at home and it is recommended as part of the stroke care pathway. Core components have been identified to guide the delivery of evidence-based ESD, however, service provision in England is of variable quality. The study sought to understand how and in what conditions the adoption of these components drives the delivery of responsive and intensive ESD services in real world settings.MethodsThis qualitative study was part of a wider multimethod realist evaluation project (WISE) conducted to inform large-scale ESD implementation. Overarching programme theories and related context–mechanism–outcome configurations were used as a framework to guide data collection and analysis. Six case study sites were purposively selected; interviews and focus groups with ESD staff members were conducted and analysed iteratively.ResultsWe interviewed 117 ESD staff members including clinicians and service managers. Staff highlighted the role of certain core components including eligibility criteria, capacity, team composition and multidisciplinary team (MDT) coordination in achieving responsive and intensive ESD. Regardless of the geographical setting, adhering to evidence-based selection criteria, promoting an interdisciplinary skillset and supporting the role of rehabilitation assistants, allowed teams to manage capacity issues and maximise therapy time. Gaps in the stroke care pathway, however, meant that teams had to problem solve beyond their remit to cater for the complex needs of patients with severe disabilities. Adjusting MDT structures and processes was seen as key in addressing challenges posed by travel times and rural geography.ConclusionsDespite variations in the wider service model of operation and geographical location, the adoption of core components of ESD helped teams manage the pressures and deliver services that met evidence-based standards. Findings point to a well-recognised gap in service provision in England for stroke survivors who do not meet the ESD criteria and emphasise the need for a more integrated and comprehensive stroke service provision. Transferable lessons could be drawn to inform improvement interventions aimed at promoting evidence-based service delivery in different settings.Trial registrationISRCTN: 15,568,163, registration date: 26 October 2018.

PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL FISH FARMING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Ability to meet the demands of the population in fish and fish products and its food security is one of the most acute problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
 Objective – the current state of the fisheries of the Republic of Kazakhstan was studied and proposals for the development of the fisheries in the West Kazakhstan region were made.
 Methods – statistical methods of data analysis were used to study the state of the fisheries of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and exclusively the catch of fish and other aquatic animals, as well as the dependency of the physical volume of fish farming production from the total amount of products made. 
 Results - the study discusses topical issues of the production capacity of fisheries and fish canneries, by types and volumes of output products, economic indicators, as well as by enterprises engaged in the purchase and sale of fish products, wholesale and retail trade, problems of marketing research in the field of fish products production and safety.
 Conclusions - creation of the laboratories and fish breeding in autonomous facilities will allow development of the innovative technologies for rearing, preservation, and replenishment of fish resources in water bodies of the region, will provide a training base for the future specialists training, will create prerequisites for preservation and multiplication of fish resources in Kazakhstan, will improve the food security of the country, and will resolve the key problems of the fish industry development.
 Artificial fish farming involves interfering with the development of organisms to increase their production, such as regular restocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.

Autopsy of a failed trial part 1: A qualitative investigation of clinician's views on and experiences of the implementation of the DAISIES trial in UK-based intensive eating disorder services.

The DAISIES trial, comparing inpatient and stepped-care day patient treatment for adults with severe anorexia nervosa was prematurely terminated in March 2022 due to poor recruitment. This qualitative study seeks to understand the difficulties faced during the trial by investigating stakeholders' views on and experiences of its implementation. Semi-structured interview and focus group transcripts, and trial management and oversight group meeting minutes from May 2020-June 2022 were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants were 47 clinicians and co-investigators involved with the DAISIES trial. The Non-Adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework was applied to the interpretive themes to classify barriers and facilitators to implementation. Five themes were identified: incompatible participation interests; changing standard practice; concerns around clinical management; systemic capacity and capability issues; and Covid-19 disrupting implementation. Applying the NASSS framework indicated the greatest implementation challenges to arise with the adopters (e.g. patients, clinicians), the organisational systems (e.g. service capacity), and the wider socio-political context (e.g. Covid-19 closing services). Our findings emphasise the top-down impact of systemic-level research implementation challenges. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic accentuated pre-existing organisational barriers to trial implementation within intensive eating disorder services, further limiting the capacity for research.

Using the Field Artificial Intelligence Triage (FAIT) tool to predict hospital critical care resource utilization in patients with truncal gunshot wounds

BackgroundTiered trauma triage systems have resulted in a significant mortality reduction, but models have remained unchanged. The aim of this study was to develop and test an artificial intelligence algorithm to predict critical care resource utilization. MethodsWe queried the ACS-TQIP 2017-18 database for truncal gunshot wounds(GSW). An information-aware deep neural network (DNN-IAD) model was trained to predict ICU admission and need for mechanical ventilation (MV). Input variables included demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, and external injuries. The model's performance was assessed using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). ResultsFor the ICU admission analysis, we included 39,916 patients. For the MV need analysis, 39,591 patients were included. Median (IQR) age was 27 (22,36). AUROC and AUPRC for predicting ICU need were 84.8 ± 0.5 and 75.4 ± 0.5, and the AUROC and AUPRC for MV need were 86.8 ± 0.5 and 72.5 ± 0.6. ConclusionsOur model predicts hospital utilization outcomes in patients with truncal GSW with high accuracy, allowing early resource mobilization and rapid triage decisions in hospitals with capacity issues and austere environments.

Heat transfer and cold energy capacity properties of crushed-rock layer in cold sandy regions

Addressing the impact of climate warming and anthropic activities, crushed-rock layer (CRL) is a zero-carbon emission technology by using natural cold air to protect infrastructures in permafrost regions. But in cold sandy environment, the issue of its cold energy capacity on account of aeolian sand clogging needs to be solved. Based novel field experiments on Tibet Plateau, the dynamic evolution law and its controlling factors of natural cold energy accumulation of the CRL are quantitatively figured out. Results show that the initially open CRL had a strong forced convection of air in the first two winters, while the cooling effect was failure after the third winter. The filling of aeolian sand caused heat transfer mode of the CRL to change from forced convection to natural convection in cold season, losing the ability of “thermal semiconductor” aimed to mitigate permafrost degradation. The closed CRL represented weak natural convection in cold season and thermal insulation in warm season, which had better long-term cooling effectiveness than other conditions in the aeolian environment. As the thickness of the aeolian sand filling increased, the maximum Rayleigh number and natural convection time of the closed CRL decreased. Accumulation of cooling energy in cold season and thermal insulation in warm season were positive correlation with thickness of porous media layer. It was not recommended to solely adopt crushed rock embankment or crushed rock revetment in aeolian sand environment and regions with higher annual average temperature. The findings solved the scientific evaluation issue of cold energy storage capacity of CRL, and provided constructive engineering implications for its efficient application.

Prediction of Capacity Regulations in Airspace Based on Timing and Air Traffic Situation

The Air Traffic Control (ATC) system suffers from an ever-increasing demand for aircraft, leading to capacity issues. For this reason, airspace is regulated by limiting the entry of aircraft into the airspace. Knowledge of these regulations before they occur would allow the ATC system to be aware of conflicting areas of the airspace, and to manage both its human and technological resources to lessen the effect of the expected regulations. Therefore, this paper develops a methodology in which the final result is a machine learning model that allows predicting capacity regulations. Predictions shall be based mainly on historical data, but also on the traffic situation at the time of the prediction. The results of tests of the model in a sector of Spanish airspace are satisfactory. In addition to testing the model results, special emphasis is placed on the explainability of the model. This explainability will help to understand the basis of the predictions and validate them from an operational point of view. The main conclusion after testing the model is that this model works well. Therefore, it is possible to predict when an ATC sector will be regulated or not based mainly on historical data.

Adolescent self-harm

Self-harm (SH) is not a diagnosis, but rather a way a young person can try to manage previous trauma, express difficult feelings or respond to an overwhelming situation. SH can involve an overdose, cutting, burning, punching, or any activity that deliberately harms the young person. It is complex, multifactorial, becoming increasingly prevalent and a major risk factor for suicide and mortality in young people. In April 2022, the charity Young Minds reported that the Children and Adolescent Mental Health Service faced an unprecedented crisis, and that the system was at breaking point. Due to these secondary care capacity issues, primary care is managing more cases of SH in young people. A survey of over 500 GPs from Pulse magazine found that 70% provided mental health support for children beyond their level of competence. This article will explore how SH presents, discuss a structured approach to the assessment of SH and help readers develop skills to promote the effective and safe management of SH.

A Quality Assurance Audit of an Orthoptic-Led Virtual Neuro-Ophthalmology Clinic.

Neuro-ophthalmology is experiencing increasing demand. There is a lack of literature relating to how we deal with the capacity and demand issues, and the use of virtual clinics. Virtual clinics are well-recognised in other subspecialties to help deal with capacity and demand issues, with reports of non-medical-led clinics, and are supported by the National Health Services Long Term Plan and People Plan. We present a quality assurance audit of our orthoptic-led neuro-ophthalmology virtual clinic. The virtual clinic was developed in October 2014 to help deal with capacity and demand issues, however, only since 2019 have orthoptists been trained to virtually review. This paper provides a summary of a quality assurance audit that was completed to determine concurrence between orthoptic and consultant virtual reviews. From January to August 2021, all patients attending the virtual clinic were reviewed by a trained orthoptist and then audited for concordance by a consultant neuro-ophthalmologist; 163 patients were identified. There was 100% agreement between orthoptic reviewers and consultants regarding visual function status and optical coherence tomography interpretation. Of the patients reviewed, 100% of patients were satisfied and 96% of patients would be happy to be seen in the virtual clinic again. Current demands on the neuro-ophthalmology speciality mean that we need to explore new ways of working. Our outcomes demonstrate a high level of agreement between orthoptists and ophthalmologists, and excellent patient satisfaction results. We hope this highlights where orthoptists can play an invaluable role in the care of neuro-ophthalmic patients and help deal with capacity and demand issues.

Scalable basswood-based PDA/GO-embedded self-assembly membrane within multilayered artemisinin-imprinted nanocage for high-selectivity cascading adsorption and transport

Membrane-based separations can improve energy efficiency and reduce the environmental impact associated with conventional methods. However, conventional adsorbents encapsulate most of their functional sites in their dense structures, leading to issues of low selectivity and adsorption capacity. To overcome the above problems, the scalable basswood-based PDA/GO-embedded self-assembly membranes were prepared based a multilayer artemisinin (Ars)-imprinted nanocage (MA/SB-P/G-ESMs) for highly selective adsorption and transport to Ars. The double-layer imprinting strategy of graphene oxide based on polydopamine and κ-carrageenan using three-dimensional mesoporous basswood as the support membrane improved the effective imprinting platform. The final MA/SB-P/G-ESMs were prepared by a heat-initiated radical polymerization, acrylamide was used as a functional monomer to conveniently and efficiently form specific recognition sites on the membrane. Notably, the outcomes demonstrated that, despite interference with other rivals, MA/SB-P/G-ESMs displayed perfect rebinding selectivity (λ = 2.67, 2.89, 2.35) and perm-selectivity (β = 8.16, 5.43, 6.51) for Ars. The high regeneration rate (after 10 cycles, greater than93%) demonstrated the MA/SB-P/G-ESMs' practical application potential. The selective separation of Ars using the MA/SB-P/G-ESM preparation method showed substantial promise in this work.

A Correlation Analysis Based Risk Warning Service for Cross-Border Trading

Obtaining a high-precision risk warning service, which can improve trading efficiency and legality, by reducing sampling proportion and customs clearance time dramatically is critical for cross-border trades. However, existing anti-fraudulent services are weak either in the precision or the mining capacity of discovering hidden risks. Among the reasons are incomplete data, untrustworthy resources, and old analysis models. On the basis of these observations, this article makes a combined technical solution for a risk warning service to address data resource, integrity, and mining capacity issues. The provided risk warning service is featured with a correlation analysis approach, which is advanced and efficient at addressing multisource and heterogeneous data to identify deep-seated risks with cross-border products, such as fake documents, price concealment, epidemic events, and ingredient pollution. To reveal the hidden correlation risks in cross-border clearance, a set of correlation-oriented data models and multi-attribute, multi-object, and multi-level methods are developed. The involved data sources and objects can be collected from inside businesses and public resources. Data are further structured to depict the whole portrait of a trade. The correlation analysis approach proves to be feasible and efficient in processing multisource and heterogeneous data to discover deep-seated risks with cross-border products. The risk warning service and the used correlation analysis approach have been studied and developed on the basis of a pilot project at an exit-and-entry port in Shanghai.