Supervision Issues Research Articles

Methods to Stimulate the Proactivity of Enterprises in Fulfilling Safety Responsibilities: A Fundamental Issue in Construction Safety Management

Management factors are among the most significant causes of construction safety incidents, and there is an issue of insufficient supervision at present. The degree of diligence exhibited by relevant entities is crucial, and the payoff can influence the decision-making behaviors of involved parties. Based on this, the aim of this paper is to investigate how to enhance the initiative of enterprises in fulfilling their safety responsibilities during the construction process. By developing a tripartite evolutionary game model that involves supervision companies, general contractors, and labor subcontractors and conducting numerical simulation analysis, we reveal that simultaneous proactive investment in safety by all three parties is challenging, with labor subcontractors being relatively more prone to opt for active safety investment. Supervision companies and general contractors often struggle to fulfill their safety duties at the same time. Factors such as the rewards and penalties stipulated in a contract, rent-seeking amounts, and accident-related losses have a significant impact on the evolution of the system. Based on the findings, we propose recommendations for construction management, which include the management of labor subcontracting in construction, the control of rent-seeking behaviors, and the establishment of a cooperative safety culture during the construction process.

Prosecutor’s Supervision over the Implementation of Legislation on the Protection of Land and Soil

The article deals with the issue of prosecutorial supervision of compliance with legislation on the protection of land and soil. The author concludes that it is necessary to improve the system of state monitoring of soil conditions, rationing and accounting of the ecological state when using land plots, as well as assigning responsibilities for soil improvement to their users. The author emphasizes the need to develop a final position on the issues under consideration in reviews of the practice of application in the courts of the Russian Federation, federal legislation in the field of environmental protection, rational nature management. It is also necessary to regulate all possible repetitive processes for prosecutors during inspections in collections of methodological materials on the organization of prosecutorial supervision of compliance with legislation on land and soil protection.

Unfinished nursing care occurrence, priority order and reasons as perceived by nursing students: An international study.

The study aimed to measure and compare differences (a) in the unfinished nursing care interventions overall and the order in which they are left unfinished; and (b) in the underline reasons, as perceived by Italian, Slovak and Turkish nursing students. In recent years, in the nursing education context a novel line of research in the field of unfinished nursing care as those interventions required by patients, but omitted or delayed, has emerged. However, no studies have been conducted at the international level. An international, comparative cross-sectional study was performed in 2022-2023 and reported here according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A multinational research network was formed with a convenient sample of 13 universities and 60 campuses (4595 students). The Unfinished Nursing Care Survey for Students (UNCS4S) was administered. A total of 1850 students participated. According to the UNCS4S total score, Italians reported an average 50.9 out of 110 unfinished nursing care interventions (CI95 % 47.6-54.1), Slovakians 54.9 (CI95 % 53.7-56.1) and Turkish students 50.4 (CI95 % 49.2-51.5) (p<0.001). Some interventions were reported more often as unfinished across countries as supervising the task assigned to the nursing aides, going to the patient without being called, spending the required time with the patient and their caregivers and emotionally supporting patients and their caregivers. In terms of reasons, total scores were statistically different across countries (Italy: 45.92 out of 90, CI95 % 43.91-47.9; Slovakia: 62, CI95 % 61.02-62.98; Türkiye: 72.29, CI95 % 71.13-73.45; p<0.001); however, at the factor level, communication issues, lack of material resources and issues in supervision of nursing aides were reported in all countries as the most important reasons of the unfinished nursing care. Students learn to shape and set priorities early in their nursing careers with similar order in what to leave unfinished as first, despite the different educational structures, care cultures and healthcare systems. Among the unfinished nursing care reasons perceived, the most influential were similar across countries, suggesting common areas for improvement. How to better prepare students to be resilient and capable of managing the challenges posed by unfinished nursing care episodes due to the lack of resources and communications issues should be considered as a priority by nurse educators.

GME's Short Squeez and Market Regulation

GME Century Forbidding War is an event in which American retail investors force to force hedge funds. Based on the analysis of GME Century Forbidding War, this case analyzes the market supervision issues reflected behind this century war, and then explores the roles that enterprises, governments and individuals should play in the current financial market, thus further improving the financial market. Finally, it summarizes the inspiration of GME century's forced air war.

Four‐party evolutionary game analysis of geographical indication product quality control issues with network media‐assisted supervision

AbstractThis study focuses on addressing quality supervision issues related to opportunistic behavior within the geographical indication product supply chain. It constructs an evolutionary game model comprising suppliers, distributors, government, and network media. Through analysis, it examines the influence of key factors on the decision‐making dynamics of game participants and presents management suggestions accordingly. The findings are as follows: firstly, the dual supervision model with the assistance of network media can compensate for the regulatory gaps of the government's single supervision model. Secondly, the credibility of network media plays a pivotal role in determining the efficacy of public opinion supervision. With high credibility, measures such as increasing the synergy coefficient, imposing higher fines or compensation amounts, and enhancing the impact of reputational factors can all restrain the misconduct of operating entities. Conversely, when credibility is low, not only does the supervisory function of network media falter, but it also leads to reputational damage for both the operating entities and the government. Thirdly, differentiated management should be adopted for entities in different nodes of the supply chain; higher constraint intensity should be imposed on distributors compared to suppliers. The outcomes of this study provide some analytical paths for supply chain quality supervision and corporate behavior management and underscore the significance of collaborative regulation for sustainable industry practices.

სათამაშო ბიზნესის სახელმწიფო ზედამხედველობა საზღვარგარეთის ქვეყნებში

The development of gaming business in the world as a form of entertainment and leisure service, on the one hand, led to the transformation of the principles, norms and rules of gambling supervision and management, and on the other hand, determined the change in the demand for gambling services and the behavior of consumers. The positive and negative aspects arising from the development of this business affect the socio-economic development of the country. Therefore, in order to implement the correct supervisory policy in the mentioned field, specialized bodies are created and operate to ensure a systematic approach to the control and regulation of this business. The policy issues of regulation and state supervision of gambling business in foreign countries is discussed in the article.

Secondary traumatic stress and trauma-informed practice in higher education students: an exploratory study

The helping professions have long understood that secondary traumatic stress and its counterparts of burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma are a problem for workers in the field. However, less is known about the impact of the issue on students who have placements. Using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), this quantitative research study seeks to explore if a convenience sample of 45 students on two programmes in the field was affected. The results show several non-significant results, suggesting that the number of weekly caring responsibility hours did not predict perceived STSS scores after placement and that high-scoring students have shown no significant difference in STSS scores before and after placement. Overall, we also found that the subsample of ten students with caring responsibilities had higher STSS scores. The article discusses well-being in students generally, incorporating trauma-informed perspectives. While no students in this study were affected, the discussion examines what can be done to better support students from an ecological perspective to protect and prepare them for their placements and future careers. Finally, this article calls for policy and practice in education and the curricula of the helping professions to routinely incorporate awareness of the issues in training and supervision.

Problems and Improvement of The Guardianship Supervision System for Minors in the Civil Code

In recent year, the issue of supervision of minor guardianship has gradually become a hot topic of discussion. To a large extent, it is related to the frequent occurrence of cases of children's injuries due to the negligence of the guardians of minors in fulfilling their guardianship duties. At present, China has established a guardianship system which is mainly based on family guardianship and supplemented by state guardianship. However, this is only the relevant provisions of the juvenile guardianship system, and the system of juvenile guardianship supervision is still scattered in the Law on the Protection of Minors, the Civil Code, and the Law on Combating Domestic Violence, etc., which is most obviously manifested in the generality and limitations of the provisions of the juvenile guardianship supervision system, and the limitations of the scope of the adjustments have led to the passivity of the minors in safeguarding their rights. Modern society advocates "children's rights-based", under this trend, the custody of minor children will not only the family within the matter, but also should be included in the adjustment of society and the state, with the help of their power to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors. In this paper, we will start from the existing system of supervision of minors' guardianship in China, discuss the lack of supervision system of minors' guardianship, and put forward some suggestions for improvement.

Ai in Fraud Detection: Evaluating the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence in Preventing Financial Misconduct

AI is anticipated to enhance competitive advantages for financial organisations by increasing efficiency through cost reduction and productivity improvement, as well as by enhancing the quality of services and goods provided to consumers. AI applications in finance have the potential to create or exacerbate financial and non-financial risks, which could result in consumer and investor protection concerns like biassed, unfair, or discriminatory results, along with challenges related to data management and usage. The AI model's lack of transparency may lead to pro-cyclicality and systemic risk in markets, posing issues for financial supervision and internal governance frameworks that may not be in line with a technology-neutral regulatory approach. The primary objective of this research is to explore the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence in preventing financial misconduct. This study extensively examines sophisticated methods for combating financial fraud, specifically evaluating the efficacy of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. When examining the assessment metrics, this study utilized various metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and the ROC-AUC. The study found that Deep Learning techniques such as “Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks /Long Short-Term Memory, and Auto encoders” achieved high precision and AUC-ROC scores in detecting financial fraud. Voting classifiers, stacking, random forests, and gradient boosting machines demonstrated durability and precision in the face of adversarial attacks, showcasing the strength of unity.

The digital operational resilience act: challenges and some reflections on the adequacy of Europe’s architecture for financial supervision

The paper critically analyses the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) within the European Union (EU) with respect to challenges such as supervision and the oversight framework coordination. It delves into the adequacy of the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS) in ensuring compliance with this regulation, highlighting issues of fragmented supervision at national level and inconsistent approaches. The main argument suggests that while the DORA Regulation is a positive step for harmonising digital operational resilience regulation, it brings about challenges in supervisory convergence and cooperation due to the existing fragmented supervisory architecture. The authors propose potential solutions like a more centralised supervision model to address these challenges. The paper follows a structured format with an overview of the DORA Regulation, discussion on identified challenges, and a concluding section.

Прокурорский надзор за исполнением законодательства об охране объектов культурного наследия

In this article, the authors consider the issues of supervision over the implementation of legislation on the protection of cultural heritage objects by the prosecutor's office. They pay attention to the judicial practice that has developed in our country regarding the preservation of cultural heritage sites. In conclusion , he concludes.

비영리법인·공익법인 부패방지 방안

The prevention of corruption in non-profit organizations and public interest organizations that serve the public interest in the private sector plays an important role in pursuing the public good and enhances trust and confidence in the private sector. In our anti-corruption law system, prevention of corruption in the private sector is added to the provisions on breach of trust under criminal law. The Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act regulates the protection of whistleblowers, and the Medical Service Act, Medical Device Act, Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, etc., are governed by regulations prohibiting receiving bribes or similar payments. There is a need to introduce regulations for non-profit corporations through a legislative reform of the anti-corruption law system. In that sense, we looked at the legal system and regulations on the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission of Australia and considered the implications for improving future anti-corruption legislation in the private sector. In the case of Australia, non-profit charitable corporations are generally afforded with public trust and confidence through the ongoing disclosure, transparency, public education, and independent and powerful authority of the Charity Commission, while sufficiently guaranteeing citizens' autonomy and enjoying tax benefits. We also need to refer to the model of discipline based on autonomy and trust. Regarding the discipline of public interest corporations, it is necessary to consider implementing a newly established public interest committee to prevent dual supervision issues with existing authorities and supervisory agencies such as the National Tax Service, and to develop a new independent management and supervision body as in the case of Australia.

A study of a blockchain-based judicial evidence preservation scheme

To address the challenges of low credibility, difficult data sharing, and regulatory supervision issues involving electronic evidence storage in the judicial preservation process, this paper proposes a blockchain-based judicial evidence preservation scheme. The scheme utilizes the characteristics of blockchain’s immutability to achieve credible forensics of electronic evidence on the chain and employs the decentralized storage of the interplanetary file system for secure and efficient off-chain storage. Simultaneously, it resolves the problem of declining throughput due to limited block capacity. Additionally, it leverages smart contract technology to encompass major aspects of the judicial process, including user case registration, authority management, judicial evidence uploading and downloading, case data sharing, partial disclosure of case information, and regulatory review. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the scheme significantly improves throughput and stability. Performance tests indicate that the transfer speed of the interplanetary file system can meet the data-sharing needs of judicial organizations.

Research on the Chinese Government's Administrative Law Enforcement Supervision Issues in the Chinese Government

Overall, the legal basis for the Chinese government's administrative law enforcement, procuratorial and supervisory work is far from sufficient. Currently, there are no laws and regulations that clearly stipulate the functions and supervision procedures of the government's administrative law enforcement, procuratorial and supervisory work.There are also no specific case-handling procedures within law enforcement agencies for accepting and handling administrative supervision cases, making it difficult to fully carry out government administrative law enforcement supervision cases.In addition, due to the lack of legal provisions, the authority and effectiveness of supervision have been weakened. Only the coordination between the procuratorial organs and administrative agencies can effectively solve the existing problems. On the basis of analyzing the existing problems and causes of administrative law enforcement supervision by the Chinese government, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures in order to play an effective role.

The Impact of Covid-19 on the Work Practices of Teaching and Administrative Staff in Public Universities in Ghana: A Qualitative Case Study

The outbreak of COVID-19 revealed the unpreparedness of many people and institutions to deal with crisis situation. The pandemic has brought about changes in the operations of both teaching and non-teaching personnel in institutions. The objective of this study was to explore the aftermath impact and challenges that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on the work of faculty members and administrators in a public university context. Employing a holistic case study design using a qualitative research approach, the study recruited 54 senior members (teaching and non-teaching) from five colleges, 18 Faculties/schools, and nine directorates senior members using a multi-stage selection techniques. The study found key challenges of administrative staff due to the pandemic to include staff unreceptiveness, role ambiguity, supervision issues, lesson plan and delivery issues, assessment issues, poor trainee disposition, trainee unpreparedness, among others. Participants also intimated that the pandemic has resulted in shifts to remote learning, requiring administrative support in the provision of Information communication Technology (ICT) services to ensure students’ access to the necessary technology, among others. A majority further mentioned measures such as strengthening institutional alert and response capacities through the creation of pandemic task forces, diversifying university academic programmes to attract massive student enrolments support, institutionalizing the use of blended learning modes among others to mitigate the adverse effects of future pandemics. These measures, according to the interviewees have been effective especially because they have resulted in flexible work and learning, which helps to improve institutional productivity and the finances of the university in the face of dwindling government subventions. The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought about many challenges for teaching and administrative work in public universities and so these universities have to put in place effective measures to mitigate the adverse effects of future pandemics.

Attention-Based AdaptSepCX Network for Effective Student Action Recognition in Online Learning

In the realm of online learning and distance education, the issue of inadequate supervision looms large, posing a significant obstacle. This paper delves into the challenges posed by the lack of supervision in online learning environments and proposes an innovative solution to understand and recognize students’ behaviors. This study's primary objective is to detect and recognize students’ actions in images captured through webcam. This task distinguishes itself from the well-established video-based student action recognition domain, which relies on temporal cues. Recognizing student actions from images intensifies the complexity of the problem. To meet this challenge, a novel deep learning model named AdaptSepCX Attention, specifically designed for student action recognition in online learning environments, is introduced. The proposed method exhibits exceptional performance with 92.73% validation accuracy on the Student Online Action Image dataset (SOAId), a carefully curated collection comprising 2029 student-centric images. The proposed model outperforms well-established models such as DenseNet121, NASNet Mobile, Con-vXNet, DELVS1 and MobileNetV2 in student action recognition. Action recognition for students has broader implications beyond the online classroom. It has the potential to revolutionize educational technology, making online learning more interactive and engaging. Enabling machines to understand and respond to student actions enhances education, personalizes learning, and supports students’ academic success and well-being. This research enhances the understanding of student involvement in online learning and offers an effective solution for recognizing actions from images.

Partial Multilabel Learning Using Noise-Tolerant Broad Learning System With Label Enhancement and Dimensionality Reduction.

Partial multilabel learning (PML) addresses the issue of noisy supervision, which contains an overcomplete set of candidate labels for each instance with only a valid subset of training data. Using label enhancement techniques, researchers have computed the probability of a label being ground truth. However, enhancing labels in the noisy label space makes it impossible for the existing partial multilabel label enhancement methods to achieve satisfactory results. Besides, few methods simultaneously involve the ambiguity problem, the feature space's redundancy, and the model's efficiency in PML. To address these issues, this article presents a novel joint partial multilabel framework using broad learning systems (namely BLS-PML) with three innovative mechanisms: 1) a trustworthy label space is reconstructed through a novel label enhancement method to avoid the bias caused by noisy labels; 2) a low-dimensional feature space is obtained by a confidence-based dimensionality reduction method to reduce the effect of redundancy in the feature space; and 3) a noise-tolerant BLS is proposed by adding a dimensionality reduction layer and a trustworthy label layer to deal with PML problem. We evaluated it on six real-world and seven synthetic datasets, using eight state-of-the-art partial multilabel algorithms as baselines and six evaluation metrics. Out of 144 experimental scenarios, our method significantly outperforms the baselines by about 80%, demonstrating its robustness and effectiveness in handling partial multilabel tasks.

미성년 자녀의 불법행위에 대한 비양육친의 감독의무

When one of the parents is designated as the person with parental authority and caregiver, it is a question of whether the parent who does not have the duty to supervise the minor children can be recognized as a supervisor for torts of the minor children. Recently, the Supreme Court determined that non-custodial parents are not obligated to supervise torts of minor children unless there are special circumstances. The ruling set the first precedent on the issue of non-custodial parental supervision of minor children. However, the judgment of the lower court ruled that non-custodial parents are obligated to supervise minor children in principle, suggesting the opposite conclusion of the target judgment. There may be sufficient reasons for the differences in opinions between the first and second judgments and the Supreme Court judgments on the same facts. Even with the same facts, the interpretation may vary depending on how to interpret and link the legal principles of responsibility for supervisors under the tort law and the legal principles related to rights and obligations between parents and children under the kinship law. In this paper, we reviewed whether non-custodial parents can also recognize the supervisory duty in relation to the responsibility of supervisors for torts committed by minor children based on the tort law and the kinship law. And based on this review, we considered what interpretation theory would be a harmonious and more reasonable interpretation under civil law to present issues such as the subject judgment. The authors' views in this study are as follows - ① Non-custodial parents are also responsible for torts of the minor children, as non-custodial parents are also responsible for supervisory duties on minor children. ② However, if special circumstances are recognized, such as when a father or mother abandons a child who is an infant or loses contact after adopting him or her at home and abroad, or when decades have passed without interview negotiations or child support payments, non-custodial parents can be exempted from supervisory responsibility if they prove these special circumstances. This interpretation can be expected to increase the protection of victims due to torts and to remind underage children of their responsibilities and obligations as parents of normal growth and character formation. It is frequently reported in the media that civil and criminal problems related to minor children are occurring. Few would deny that there are inherent rights and obligations between parents and children. Based on these rights and obligations, it is believed that parents should bear some kind of infinite responsibility for their underage children to help them grow properly. Therefore, it is thought that this aspect will be fully considered in the interpretation of the law will be effective in preventing and solving social problems and reducing social costs.

The Issues Of Prosecutorial Supervision Over The Legality Of The Application Of Imprisonment

The article is dedicated to the practical problems of prosecutorial supervision over the legality of the application of imprisonment (hereinafter also referred to as “Punishment”) and the ways to solve these problems. Although the Law of the Republic of Armenia “On Prosecutor’s Office” and the Penitentiary Code of the Republic of Armenia define relevant legal regulations on prosecutorial supervision over the legality of the punishments’ application and other coercive measures, in our opinion, the mentioned legal regulations are not consistent with the logic, essence and meaning of the powers of the Prosecutor’s Office stipulated in point 5, part 2 of Article 176 of the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia. By virtue of the aforementioned constitutional jurisdiction, the Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter also referred to as the “Prosecutor’s Office”) is authorized to oversee the legality of the punishments’ application and other coercive measures, which implies that the Prosecutor’s Office must be empowered to apply measures of direct prosecutorial influence when exercising these powers; meanwhile, according to the current legislation, the Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter also referred to as the “Prosecutor’s Office”) performs the role of an observer and, upon discovering a legal act that contradicts the legislation, does not abolish it, but files a motion to the body executing the sentence to review the act that contradicts the legislation, or files such a motion after suspension of the said act. It is noteworthy that, according to the position of the Prosecutor’s Office, the act that contradicts the legislation may remain unchanged as a result of the final review in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation, and the Prosecutor’s Office is not given the legal opportunity to make the legality of such a decision subject to judicial review. The paper addressed the issues of prosecutorial supervision over the legality of punishments and other means of coercion, in the form of imprisonment, and the ways of solving these problems were considered”

Intelligent logistics system based on visual detection of fruit freshness

Because of its tremendous potential for financial advantage, the academic and business communities have begun to focus a significant amount of attention on the intelligent logistics system. For the purpose of addressing the issue of quality supervision of fruit while it is being transported logistically, this study presents a proposal for an intelligent logistics system that is based on the detection of fruit freshness. The physical, chemical, and image processing techniques that are utilized at various points during the logistics process make up the core detection methods utilized by this system. The ability of the system to perform monitoring of the freshness of the fruit in real time guarantees that the fruit will be transported in a manner that is both secure and effective. The results of the analysis show that this system plays an essential part in a number of steps, including fruit harvesting, fruit sorting, transportation planning, and fruit delivery right to consumers front doors.