Supervision Issues Research Articles

Challenges and Ethical Issues in Counseling Supervision from Faculty Supervisors’ Perspective

Supervision is an essential aspect of counselor development. Supervisors should have the necessary qualifications to provide effective supervision. The difficulties encountered and ethical problems can make the supervision they provide ineffective or harmful. As emphasized in the supervision literature, supervisors may unwittingly offer ineffective supervision. Therefore, it is thought that there is a need to examine the experiences of the supervisors. This study aimed to present empirical evidence on the challenges and ethical problems faced by supervisors in counseling supervision and ways of coping. For this purpose, the explanatory sequential mixed methods research design was used. The most common challenging factors, ethical issues, and coping methods were obtained from faculty supervisors via a web-based questionnaire. Also, online interviews were conducted with nine volunteer faculty supervisors to delve into their experiences. The most challenging factors were about conducting supervision, supervision methods, and techniques, evaluation, and focus of supervision. The supervisor encounters ethical problems such as confidentiality and privacy, emergency, evaluation process, unprofessional behavior of the supervisee, and multiple relationships. Consultation, getting literature support and having a strong supervision relationship with the supervisee are the most frequently used coping methods. The results of this study provide a framework for supervisors' needs to provide effective supervision. Based on these findings, it is thought that supervisor training will provide a critical contribution to supervisors as to gaining the knowledge and skills they need to cope with these challenges.

Credit supervision and trading strategy of rural e-commerce based on evolutionary game

PurposeThis study investigates the credit supervision issue in rural e-commerce. By studying the trading strategies of buyers and sellers under different credit supervision measures and the impact of different pricing strategies on the trading strategies of both parties, this paper proposes regulatory suggestions for the increasingly severe credit problems in rural e-commerce.Design/methodology/approachIn the online agricultural product transaction between farmers and consumers, both parties' decision-making is a dynamic process. Using the copying dynamic model of the evolutionary game, this study establishes two evolutionary game models to explore the factors affecting credit supervision in the rural e-commerce transaction process. Then, the study provides corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.FindingsFirst, credit supervision measures implemented by rural e-commerce platforms and the Government's legal system construction and infrastructure construction guarantees influence both parties' trust choices in rural e-commerce transactions. Second, price is a key factor affecting both parties' trading strategies. In the case of relatively fair prices, the higher the proportion of farmers who choose “low price” and “honest transaction” strategies, the easier that is for consumers to choose to trust farmers. In contrast, the higher the price, the higher the proportion of consumers who choose the “trust farmers” strategy, and the more willing farmers are to choose honest transactions.Originality/valueThis work develops a new approach for analyzing rural e-commerce credit supervision. Moreover, this study helps establish and improve the credit supervision mechanism of rural e-commerce and further realize the long-term sustainable development of the rural economy.

Cross-Cultural Supervision Amidst A Generational Shift

Aim. This paper sets out to draw on my experience as a Sweden-based academic supervisor who is also active in Poland to reflect on the issue of cross-cultural supervision amidst a presumed generational shift that goes on in Poland. Split between stories of a destructive hierarchy and non-transparency in Polish academia on the one hand, and of an emergent “West-minded” reorientation on the other, this paper looks into the cultural idiosyncrasies that have made supervision in Poland tricky for me, if not outright difficult. Methods. This paper focuses on the perspectives of ten active PhD supervisors based in Poland. Using questionnaires and interviews the respondents were asked to reflect upon whether a generational shift is underway. This was done by comparing the ideals, attitudes, and behaviours of their past supervisors to those of their own. The results were then analysed through a set of challenges common in cross-cultural supervision and compared to the Swedish context. Results. The findings point to a possible gap between self-assessment of the respondents as progressive and the regressive practices that seem to linger and impact the students. Conclusion. A tentative conclusion is that the long-awaited generational shift in Poland has not yet fully taken root. This is further reflected in how markedly different the culture of supervision in Poland still is from the culture practised in Sweden. Cognitive value. The paper points to the difficulty of breaking free from the routines inherited from one’s past-generation supervisors. It also emphasises the benefits of cross-cultural supervision, given that shifts within cultural practices are difficult to perceive and implement while operating within a single cultural ecosystem.

Private and Public in Surveillance Capitalism

The paper deals with the protection of the private and public spheres in surveillance capitalism. Predictions on consumer behaviour or the so-called behavioural surpluses are extracted from the set of collected (big) data of users/consumers from the so-called digital footprints, which become intelligence data, commodities on the data market. In addition to predicting user behaviour, various behavioural techniques push, or nudge users in a particular desired consumer or political direction or action, or dark nudge techniques when it comes to unauthorized data collection on users in the digital sphere. Surveiling and nudging users is done in the range from caring for their health, well-being and benefits, as well as general and public well-being, to encouraging expenditure, desired behaviour or voting in the desired direction of subjects who create such incentives (corporations, political parties, governments, etc.). The subject of the paper is based on behavioural economics which has introduced behavioural techniques in the field of public policy. The author proposes conceptual model of protective and active approach in the era of surveillance capitalism in the private and public spheres. An overview of the current digital regulation in the EU is given, and the need for further development of the legislative framework that will regulate the issues of supervision and protection of privacy and user data is pointed out.

Some Issues of Terminating a Criminal Case

This publication continues the experience of covering the work of the Scientific and Meth­odological Council under the Prosecutor of the Omsk Region, among the main tasks of which remains the development and discussion, together with representatives of legal science, of sound recommenda­tions on problematic issues of prosecutorial supervision, legislation and law enforcement practice, legal advisory opinions on issues arising in prosecutorial practice. In this regard, the article proposes to dis­cuss certain topical problems of law enforcement practice raised at one of the last meetings of the Scien­tific and Methodological Council under the Prosecutor of the Omsk Region. Thus, based on a systematic analysis of errors in the implementation of the institution of a judicial fine, it is proposed to provide prosecutors with systematic supervision over compliance with the requirements of the law when it is ap­plied, which requires a more thorough study of criminal cases, as well as a proper initiative to establish the circumstances associated with the application of a judicial fine, and timely challenging unfounded court decisions. In addition, the practice of law enforcement highlights the fundamental problem of a unified interpretation of the grounds for terminating a criminal case (criminal prosecution) against a person who has committed an act prohibited by criminal law in a state of insanity. Based on the analy­sis of legal situations and various approaches to their resolution, the article argues for the need to make a decision on the studied criminal cases on the grounds of paragraph 4 of part 1 of Art. 24 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the death of a person involved in criminal proceedings. In other similar situations, but related to the criminal prosecution of these persons, the deci­sion must be made taking into account the specific circumstances of the criminal case.

Primary School Supervision During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of How Elementary School Superintendent in Bontang City Responded to Growing Needs

Supervisors are parties who are expected to provide professional development for teachers in teaching and learning activities and provide the latest information related to educational policies, provide alternative solutions when schools have difficulty improving quality or running educational programs. However, limited attention is paid to primary school supervision issues during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This article discusses the implementation of primary school supervision in Bontang City during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method is used to describe the conditions that occurred at the time the research was conducted and then examine the causes of the conditions under study. Then, the researcher also explained how the supervisory plan for monitoring, implementing and evaluating Bontang City elementary schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that school supervision during the pandemic was not carried out properly. The implementation of supervision does not follow the supervisor's technical instructions during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the supervision process does not provide real implications for the implementation of effective learning.

Multi-agent evolutionary game analysis of the coal mine on-site regulatory mode

Preventing the risk of coal mine safety production is a long-term issue of national supervision. At present, scholars' research on coal mine safety regulation lacks practical application scenarios and internal-external collaborative governance. Therefore, this paper based on coal mine on-site regulatory mode and combined with the expectation theory constructs a multi-agent evolutionary game model of coal mining enterprises, regulators and front-line workers in the context of government regulation, and simulates how the government improves the efficiency of resident supervision mode. The simulation results are as follows. First, for coal mining enterprises, increase supervision and punishment, government support for safety production can promote the safety production of enterprises; Secondly, the government reduces the regulatory costs of regulators while improving the regulatory benefits, which will ease the regulatory pressure of regulators and urge them to strictly regulate. Increasing the rewards for effective regulation would increase the incentive for regulators to enforce the law rigorously. In addition, workers' supervision has a mutual restraint effect on the safety production of coal mine enterprises and the strict supervision of regulators. The government can promote the enthusiasm of workers' supervision by improving the reward for the success of workers' supervision, so as to avoid collusion between enterprises and regulators. Finally, when the regulators strictly perform their supervisory duties and the enterprises stabilize and produce safely, the supervision of workers will not play a role and the on-site regulatory mode will reach the best situation.

Improving Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Autistic Individuals: A Delphi Survey with Practitioners

There is emerging evidence of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for autistic individuals, in particular to address anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and depression. Many CBT studies have incorporated relatively stringent standards, with regards to participant inclusion/exclusion criteria, delivery of manualised approaches and assurance of therapist training and oversight. We know less about what happens in routine CBT practice and, importantly, how service provision can be improved for autistic individuals. The present study recruited 50 CBT practitioners to a three round Delphi survey. The aims were to elicit professionals’ perspectives regarding barriers to the acceptability and effectiveness of CBT for autistic individuals, and to generate consensus, both about ways of enhancing service provision, as well as the autism-relevant training needs of CBT practitioners. Study findings indicated six barriers to accessible and effective CBT for autistic individuals, relating to service provision, practitioner-related factors, client-related factors, CBT-related factors, national guidelines, and systemic considerations. There was participant consensus that changes in five domains (specifically relating to process issues, service provision, practitioners, techniques and therapeutic approach) could improve the CBT care pathway. Consensus was generated about the training needs of CBT practitioners: training about autism, CBT-specific issues, co-occurring conditions and engagement, were deemed fundamental for enhancing practice. Participants also identified autism-relevant issues for clinical supervision. Further sustained research is needed to determine the effects of adapted service provision and improved practitioner knowledge and skills on the outcomes of autistic individuals who have CBT.

Final Report Independent Expert Review as a Form of Supervision over the Activities of the International Criminal Court

This article is devoted to the analysis of the "Final Report of the independent expert Examination", from the point of view of the issues of supervision of the activities of the International Criminal Court. The subject of this study is an overview of the "Final Report of an Independent Expert Examination" as a form of supervision of the activities of the International Criminal Court (hereinafter the ICC). In the course of the study, the method of system analysis was used, which made it possible to analyze the provisions of the report under consideration, in relation to the activities of the ICC. General scientific research methods were also applied: dialectical method, deductive method, comparative method, in which the general provisions of the report under consideration were analyzed first, and then comparison with other international organizations was carried out. The author consistently analyzes the problems that the experts highlighted in the report, as well as the recommendations that were given to improve the activities of the international judicial organization. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of recommendations related to the management model of the International Criminal Court, conflict of interest, as well as to improving the reporting system. The paper concludes that the changes proposed by experts are important for the entire international criminal justice system. The scientific novelty of the work is as follows: system proposals that can improve the activities of the ICC, as well as the work of the entire system of international criminal courts and tribunals, are considered and analyzed.

THE BASIC APPROACHES TOWARDS MEDIA-MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN SCIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

The publication is devoted to the current trend in modern science – media management, which can be understood in two ways - as media management "from the inside" (at the level of the first head or the governing body of the media itself), as well as a set of measures to manage and regulate the media sphere by the state. Using qualitative scientific methods (desk research, deduction and induction, comparative analysis, classification), the author of this article prepared an overview of the foreign scientific and theoretical base on media management, an attempt was made to categorize the main existing approaches to studying this issue in the science of various non-CIS countries. Based on the study, the author comes to the conclusion that an integrative, interdisciplinary approach is needed to study media management. The article highlights a number of aspects that will be relevant when studying the Kazakh experience in the field of media management in general and state media management in particular. Such aspects include, for example, the specifics of state media policy, regulatory legal regulation of the media sphere, issues of state supervision in the field of the media, spin-doctorate as a kind of mediation between the state and the press, issues of leadership in the media sector and training for media management.

Legal Supervision Mechanism of Recommendation Algorithm Based on Intelligent Data Recognition

While considering the broad development prospects of intelligent investment advisers in the future, we must also be aware of the legal supervision issues that intelligent investment advisers bring with them. Simultaneously, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and other technologies have advanced at a breakneck pace during this time. Many new technologies have been used in the financial sector. In the financial field, there is a trend toward gradual integration of finance and technology. The transformation of finance from concept to actual service has been realized thanks to emerging technologies. This combination of finance and technology is known as “financial technology.” The legal supervision mechanism of a recommendation algorithm based on intelligent data recognition is investigated in this paper. On the one hand, it raises the bar for legal knowledge required by the legal supervision mechanism of recommendation algorithm, but on the other hand, it may reduce service efficiency and quality. As a result, using the understanding method of users’ consulting intention while taking into account users’ legal knowledge level, social attributes, and emotional status, it is a feasible and effective way to provide personalized and diverse legal consulting services to the general public.

Barriers and facilitators of implementing an information system for health grey literature in Iran: Experts' views and perspectives.

Despite the importance of health grey literature, there is not a comprehensive information system for managing these valuable resources in Iran. This study aimed at identifying the barriers to and facilitators of implementing a comprehensive national information system for health grey literature. This study applied the qualitative research method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 19 experts in related fields. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data in MAXQDA. The data were codified and revised constantly and classified in some selected main and sub-categories based on their relative similarities and differences. Data analysis identified some barriers to the implementation of an information system for health grey literature in Iran, including two main categories (and some sub-categories): managerial issues (performance related issues, coordination issues, monitoring and supervision issues and attitudinal issues) and issues on data integration (data collecting issues, data recording issues, quality control issues, and issues on data organization, dissemination and use). Designing a national system for health grey literature in Iran needs a powerful authority, removing possible intersectional conflicts, a selection committee, written policies and strict quality control criteria, and protocols for storage, access, retrieval and metadata evaluation.

Kompetencje organów nadzoru budowlanego wobec obiektów budowlanych niewymagających decyzji o pozwoleniu na budowę lub zgłoszenia

Competencies of construction supervision authorities over building objects that do not require a building permit or notification The content of this article discusses the issue of control and supervision of the construction process with regard to construction units that have been fully excluded from ex ante rationing by architectural and construction administration authorities, i.e. they do not require a building permit or notification. The aim of the discussion is to indicate that such construction units are subject to control and supervision performed by the construction supervision authorities during the course of the construction works and during the operational use of the construction unit.

Research on Financial Supervision Issues Related to the Ant Financial Event

With the rapid economic development and the continuous upgrading of financial innovation, there are many Internet companies in science and technology related to online loans. At the same time, many technology companies have also launched online loan businesses and even created a wide variety of loan products. As a focus of Internet financial enterprises, Ant Financial relies on payment business and scenario development to conduct comprehensive customer insights. It jointly lends with banks and financial institutions, forming a new type of microcredit on the Internet. Internet microcredit has played a positive role in liberalizing interest rates and developing finance. But it still carries various risks, such as credit risk and high leverage risk. The suspension of Ant Financial's listing has deeply affected the hearts of government regulators, the Internet finance industry, and related researchers and may profoundly change China's Internet finance. The Internet finance supervision issues involved are worth pondering. Taking Ant Financial as an example, this article analyzes the problems existing in the supervision of financial technology companies and makes reflections and suggestions.

Об организации деятельности пожарно спасательных служб Чешской Республики

Introduction. The International Association of Fire and Rescue Services CTIF (hereinafter referred to as CTIF), as permanent members, currently includes 40 countries located in various countries of the World. At the CTIF site, on an ongoing basis, there is an exchange of international experience in the functioning of fire and rescue services. Specialists of the national committees of the CTIF member countries participate in conferences, symposiums, working commissions, researching and discussing problematic issues of fire and rescue under the auspices of the CTIF. For several years, the Russian national committee CTIF has been studying the international experience of the functioning of the fire and rescue services of the CTIF member countries in order to introduce them into the process of improving the activities of the fire and rescue services of the Russian Federation. The publication discusses the main aspects of the organization of the activities of the fire and rescue services of the Czech Republic, the organizational structure of the fire and rescue service, management and financial support mechanisms, issues of fire prevention and fire supervision and other functions assigned to the fire department. The statistics of fires and their consequences, as well as data on the dead and injured in fires in the Czech Republic are given, a review of the regulatory framework is carried out. The purpose of the study is to study international experience in organizing the activities of fire and rescue services on the example of the Czech Republic. Research methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge – analysis, generalization, analysis of empirical data, economic analysis, which were based on the general provisions of the theory of analysis and system analysis. Research results. An analysis was made of the activities of the fire and rescue services of the Czech Republic, taking into account their further development in the near future. Conclusion. The data obtained during the study of activities in the field of fire safety in the Czech Republic will be entered into the database of activities fire and rescue services of the World, and will also allow to prepare scientifically based proposals for the development of fire and rescue business in Russia. Keywords: fire protection, prevention fire, fire, analysis, fire and rescue units, international activities.

Анализ эффективности риск-ориентированного подхода в надзорной деятельности Федеральной налоговой службы в системе государственного финансового мониторинга

The article examines the issues of risk-oriented supervision in the activities of the Federal Tax Service, which is an integral part of the state financial monitoring of Russia. Modern practice shows that the increased pressure of tax services on taxpayers causes the growth of the «shadow sector» in the economy, at the expense of small and medium-sized enterprises experiencing uncertainty before the supervisory authorities. The strategy of increasing the number of office and field audits has little effect in motivating tax payments. Taxes are an integral institutional element of a market economy, which is both an economic and a legal category. The economic content of taxes consists in the redistribution of the gross national product and reflects the relationship to mobilize part of the income that is formed in the private sector at the disposal of the state. As a result, tax evasion, which is one of the predicate crimes, by organizations causes the growth of the shadow economy and contributes to the processes of money laundering. In this regard, the tasks of justifying the need to modernize the risk management system when implementing tax control in Russia and analyzing the introduction of a modern risk-based approach to tax supervision in order to stabilize the country’s financial system are very relevant. The purpose of the article is to formulate conclusions on the effectiveness of the application of the risk-based approach in the supervisory activities of the Federal Tax Service.

Cryptogovernance for Security Supervision in the Internet of Things

The current undeveloped study of academic lab safety calls for effective pre-alarm and protection measures. Internet of Things (IoT) is one of effective tools to gather data and yield data analysis for academic governance. In this paper, a cryptogovernance model of security supervision is proposed to facilitate the cryptogovernance effectiveness. Integrated with blockchain and IoT, cryptogovernance could gather crucial security data, lend security measures to the data storing and security supervision of hazardous substances in academic laboratory, improve the governance capacity from the source, and convert the current governance mode into penetrating governance of the higher education production process. Challenges and risks of devices and data stored in central servers are explored. Cryptogovernance algorithm in rules to tackle security supervision problems, such as reveal of personal privacy data or data with national security, poorer data trustworthiness with the risk of being deleted and tampered with, insufficient automation functions and resource monitoring capabilities are compared and analyzed. Potential challenges are assessed and recommendations are developed to address security supervision issues.

The Traffic Impact Analysis on Province Roads as Requirement for Licensing Services Provision in Building Sector

The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the impact of traffic on provincial roads as a permit requirement in the building sector by local governments based in Central Java and the solution efforts. The approach method used in this research is sociological juridical. The results of the study indicate that: the implementation of the traffic impact analysis on provincial roads encountered obstacles, among others, before the implementation of the traffic impact analysis, difficulties were the preparation of the required documents for the implementation of the traffic impact analysis, and in the implementation of the traffic impact analysis, including those related to supervision issues, not guided by the authority to analyze traffic impacts based on road status, do not understand the laws and regulations and related provisions, and lack of law enforcement.

Causal model for rework in building construction for developing countries

Rework is one of the crucial reasons for time and cost overrun in construction projects and involves the consumption of additional resources. Given the environmental and economic impact, the menace of rework in projects must be minimized, which calls for a clear understanding of its causes, especially their quantitative impact. The present study seeks to identify and analyze the various causes of rework in building construction both qualitatively and quantitatively using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). After identifying the different causes of rework from literature, a panel of experts was consulted, and an appropriate questionnaire was designed with 28 attributes. Then, using the questionnaire, personal interviews with stakeholders from across India were conducted to understand the ranking of various causes of rework. Principal Component Analysis was used to group these 28 attributes into eight components – coordination issues, poor execution, supervision issues, consultant issues, aberrant events, worker issues, client issues, and site issues. Further, to understand the criticality of these factors, the structural relationship between the factors and rework was studied using SEM. It was found that inappropriate coordination amongst the various stakeholders of the project is the most critical reason for rework. The study will be helpful to stakeholders of the construction industry to understand better the relative quantitative impact of different causes on rework and prioritize their efforts to control or eliminate rework. • Lack of coordination amongst stakeholders in a project has been identified as the most critical reason for rework. • Untrained workers at site have been ranked highest with RII of 0.549 followed by change in scope during construction. • Redesign during construction due to shortage of construction materials/equipment in the market has been ranked last.

Prosecutor’s supervision in the field of transport security

The article analyzes the issues of prosecutors supervision in the field of transport security from the standpoint of an integrated approach. The material was prepared in the wake of the All-Russian research and practical conference held on May 14, 2021, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian prosecutors office. Transport security as a subject of prosecutors supervision covers a variety of areas of relations related to administrative, criminal, civil and procedural branches of law. Railway, water and air communication is subject not only to special socio-economic laws, but also requires special legal regimes dictated by the significant remoteness and dynamics of the subjects under supervision, the increased risk of harm to legally protected relations, the need for constant and uninterrupted functioning of transport facilities, the importance of the transport segment for the entire economic life of the country. All this determines the need for very prompt and at the same time balanced supervisory decisions, which is possible due to the close cooperation of science and practice.