Validity Issues Research Articles

Subject Validity Issues and Potential Solutions in the Era of Metaverse–Starting with the Concern Over Property Rights in Crypto Art

In a pre-digital epoch, humans possessed the material means of production through material labor, which allowed them to exercise subjective agency and establish their existence as subjects through the acquisition of property rights. As digital technology has advanced, our digital being now forms an integral element of our fundamental human existence. In the age of the “metaverse,” we must confront and provide an answer to the topic of how to thrive better in the digital virtual world. The rise of Crypto Art, now imbued with a tangible worth by the incorporation of Blockchain technology and Non-Fungible Tokens in the artistic sphere, has opened new vistas for us to verify our subjects within the “metaverse”, thereby securing the liberty of our digital existence. However, crypto art, as digital labor under the techno-capitalist system, inevitably brings about the problem of alienation of digital laborers and their products, impacting the vulnerable subjects in the “metauniverse”. The communitarian mechanism and spirit of consensus inherent within the blockchain present potential pathways towards resolution. In addressing this predicament, crypto art must first transform into a societal intermediary committed to fostering a community centered around the sharing of digital resources. This would empower digital workers to genuinely possess their labor and acquire property rights on a public and communal platform, ultimately leading to the restoration of subjectivity.

Validity and reliability of SEIS-3: An instrument for subjective measuring of strength in older adults

The use of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) has grown substantially, providing a valuable alternative for exercise intensity monitoring, especially for older adults. However, some challenges, such as cross-cultural validity, age-related differences, and reliability issues, necessitate the development of a concise and user-friendly RPE instrument, particularly for strength training in this population. This study aimed to validate the Subjective Effort Induction Scale (SEIS-3), a simplified tool for measuring effort during strength training. SEIS-3 is a graded instrument with three exertion levels: 1) Light effort, 2) Moderate effort, and 3) Strong effort. Twenty seniors, aged 71±7 years, of both genders participated in the study (CEP/Unimontes 2,741,071/2018). We collected maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) data using a digital dynamometer. Subsequently, participants underwent the initial test, following the three SEIS-3 categories in a randomly assigned order of induced subjective effort. SEIS-3 instrument was evaluated by the approaches:•Linear regression analysis: employed to assess the validity of the instrument.•Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC): employed to assess the reliability of the instrument.SEIS-3 effort categories correlated with MIVC in both hands (R2=0.80, F = 25.596, df=3, p < 0.01 for right hand; R2=0.56, F = 9.132, p < 0.01 for left hand). Test-retest reliability for grip strength across effort categories was excellent (ICC > 0.9). SEIS-3 is a valid and reliable user-friendly tool for accurately assessing and regulating exercise intensity in older adults during strength tasks, benefiting their health, functional capacity, and overall quality of life. This low-cost instrument can help health professionals in their activities.

Cefiderocol (CFDC): A Spy Antibiotic Future Replacement of Carbapenem

Cefiderocol, also known as CFDC, is an antibiotic in the class of cephalosporins. It is from the third generation. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria. 2019 was the year that it was given US FDA approval for use in the treatment of UTIs. In recent years, there has been a dramatic rise in the prevalence of MDR due to the increased use of antibiotics. Carbapenem, which is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is unable to treat the illness for this reason because bacteria have developed resistance to it. In this scenario, cefiderocol may be used for the therapy of this kind of infection, and it would also be of special assistance for the treatment of GNB in individuals who have few other therapeutic options available to them. For this review, studies published between 2007 and 2023 are the primary focus of the debate. This review's supporting materials were sourced via a combined search of PubMed, PubChem, and Google Scholar, including the terms "Cefiderocol," "Carbapenem," "Gram-negative Bacteria," "Carbapenem Resistance," and "Cefiderocol clinical trials" from 2007 until May 2023. The focus of this paper is the difference in mode of action of these two antibiotics and shows valid issues for carbapenem resistance.

The nature of historical knowledge in large-scale assessments – a study of the relationship between item formats and offerings of epistemic cognition in the Swedish national test in history

Issues of validity and reliability have an impact on the construction of tests. Since the 2010s, there has been increasing emphasis in Sweden on enhancing reliability in the large-scale test system to combat grade inflation. This study aims to examine how this increased focus on reliability has affected how the nature of historical knowledge is presented in the national test in history. Accordingly, it addresses the following research question: what kinds of epistemic cognition does the test communicate to students? The concept of epistemic cognition builds on Kuhn et al.’s discussion on epistemic understanding, regarding the balance between the objective and subjective dimensions of knowledge. Furthermore, the concept of companion meanings is used to establish a connection between the items in the test and students’ epistemic cognition. The findings show that the selected-response tasks predominantly communicate an objective dimension of historical knowledge, while the constructed-response tasks communicate both subjective and objective dimensions of historical knowledge. The findings regarding the offerings of epistemic cognition are discussed in relation to validity, reliability, item formats and classroom practices.

ChatGPT's contributions to the evolution of neurosurgical practice and education: a systematic review of benefits, concerns and limitations

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aim&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;This study provides a comprehensive review of the current literature on the use of ChatGPT, a generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool, in neurosurgery. The study examines potential benefits and limitations of ChatGPT in neurosurgical practice and education.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methods &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;The study involved a systematic review of the current literature on the use of AI in neurosurgery, with a focus on&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ChatGPT. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to ensure a comprehensive and transparent review process. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The data extracted from the included studies were analysed and synthesized to provide an overview of the current state of research on the use of ChatGPT in neurosurgery.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;The ChatGPT showed a potential to complement and enhance neurosurgical practice. However, there are risks and limitations associated with its use, including question format limitations, validation challenges, and algorithmic bias. The study highlights the importance of validating machine-generated content for accuracy and addressing ethical concerns associated with AI technologies. The study also identifies potential benefits of ChatGPT, such as providing personalized treatment plans, supporting surgical planning and navigation, and enhancing large data processing efficiency and accuracy.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;The integration of AI technologies into neurosurgery should be approached with caution and careful consideration of&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;ethical and validation issues. Continued research and development of AI tools in neurosurgery can help us further understand their potential benefits and limitations.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

The validation crisis in the L2 motivational self system tradition

AbstractConcerns have recently been raised about the validity of scales used in the L2 motivational self system tradition, particularly in relation to sufficient discriminant validity among some of its scales. These concerns highlight the need to systematically examine the validity of scales used in this tradition. In this study, we therefore compiled a list of 18 scales in widespread use and administered them to Korean learners of English (N = 384). Testing the factorial structure of these scales using multiple exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic criteria revealed severe discriminant validity issues. For example, the ideal L2 self was not discriminant from linguistic self-confidence, suggesting that participant responses to such ideal L2 self items is not driven by actual–ideal discrepancies as previously presumed but more likely by self-efficacy beliefs. We discuss these results in the context of the need to encourage systematic psychometric validation research in the language motivation field.

Fisherman Insurance to Increase The Social Welfare of Fishers

The purpose of this study was to determine the active role of the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Takalar Regency, in supporting the process of the occurrence of Fisherman's Insurance that has been implemented by the central government, and to find out what factors hinder and support fishermen in obtaining Fisherman's Insurance cards. As for the determination of respondents using the Snowball technique or known as a snowball. Selected informants based on the criteria for receiving fisherman insurance cards as many as 25 informants as primary data sources. Data collection techniques are observation, distribution of questionnaires and interviews. This research was carried out in Sampulungan Village, Galesong District, Takalar Regency in March-May 2021. From the results of the research the socialization process planned and carried out by the Marine and Fisheries Service assisted by village officials was very effective in encouraging the enthusiasm of fishermen to obtain information and become insurance members fishermen, the supporting factors for implementing fisherman insurance consist of; High commitment from DKP Takalar Regency in realizing fishermen's insurance, enthusiasm of fishermen in obtaining information and being participants in fisherman insurance from the government, as well as high support from the village government in socializing and implementing fisherman insurance in Sampulungan Village. While the inhibiting factor is that there are still many fishermen who do not understand well the importance of being a member of fishermen's insurance; The existence of administrative data collection that has not been completed, including multiple lists, as well as the issue of validity of the fisherman's insurance card, which is only valid for one year, is considered short for fishermen.

Model validation and simulation issues for carbon dioxide reactive absorption with mixed amines

Capture of CO2 form point emission sources is a dramatically urgent task to limit the current impact of the power generation sector and of industrial fields classified as “hard to abate”. Many challenges are still present from the design point of view to define correctly the properties (chemical, physical, rheological) of the used solvents. These affect the sizing and rating of absorption devices and the regeneration systems. In turn, this jeopardises the prediction of feasibility of capture plants and the relative economics.In this work, the modeling steps commonly applied to calculate the CO2 absorption into a mixed amine-water solvent have been exemplified starting from ground data. First, several open datasets of equilibrium and rheological quantities have been reviewed. This allowed the selection of the thermodynamic parameters that give the best compromise between physical and chemical equilibria. Then an adsorption tower was dimensioned, checking the impact that different tunable parameters have on the calculation outcome. Furthermore, two absorber-stripper tandem columns have been simulated in order to reproduce available plant data. The performed rate-based simulations find a convergence point only for proper liquid/gas ratios, and are significantly slowed-down as the number of kinetic reactions increases respect to instantaneous equilibrium ones.Results demonstrate that the CO2 loading into a solvent depends crucially on the partial pressures of all the species and on setting the mixture at fixed volume or pressure. This data collection and validation was exemplified following the whole procedure, as a guidance for technicians in the field. An example of gas flowrate up to 160 kg/h, with CO2 content 15 – 20 vol% and for CO2 capture efficiencies up to 90%.

Strategy for Evaluation of Quality Assurance System Implementation Policies in Increasing the Competitiveness of Private Universities in the City of Bandung

The implementation of the Quality Assurance System for Private Universities in the City of Bandung is currently still not effective, in the sense that the implementation of the quality assurance system is not fully in accordance with the quality instruments set by the government. The focus of this research is Policy Evaluation in the implementation of the Quality Assurance System for Private Higher Education in the City of Bandung. The sub-focus of this research is the dimensions that need to be carried out in evaluating quality assurance system implementation policies, namely: administrative evaluation, judicial evaluation and political evaluation. This research uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method and is supported by the SWOT technique. This was chosen with the consideration that actual data can be obtained, being able to study the research problem in depth so that results can be obtained that are in line with expectations. The results of the research show that the implementation of the Quality Assurance System for Private Higher Education in the City of Bandung is still not effective, so policy evaluation is needed through (1) Administrative evaluation taking into account: Effort Evaluation, Performance Evaluation, Adequacy of Performance, Efficiency Evaluation and Process Evaluation, (2) Judicial evaluation by paying attention to: Issues of legal validity, Possible Violations of the Constitution, Possible Violations of the Legal System, Possible Violations of Ethics and State Administration Rules, (3) Political evaluation by paying attention to: Political Process in determining policies, Acceptance of political constituents towards public policies, Implementation Information Technology. The results of the policy evaluation in this research then produced a recommendation strategy regarding the implementation of a higher education quality assurance system that is in accordance with government standards.

Advancing Language Assessment with AI and ML–Leaning into AI is Inevitable, but Can Theory Keep Up?

ABSTRACT Following the burgeoning growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) applications in language assessment in recent years, the meteoric rise of ChatGPT and its sweeping applications in almost every sector have left us in awe, scrambling to catch up by developing theories and best practices. This special issue features studies of recent AI and ML advances and thought pieces and attempts to unify our field with a collection of work towards a common set of tools, frameworks, and practices. In this editorial, I briefly review the five studies and four commentaries and discuss the key validity issues around the AI applications covered. To unpack complex validity issues for lay users, I propose accessible questions to ask when evaluating these applications. I stress the importance of developing best practices guiding ethical and responsible use of AI and improving users’ AI literacy skills. In light of users’ increasing access to AI tools in real-world communication, I raise the need for redefining the constructs of language tests to be in sync with what is happening in the real world. These new conceptions of language ability are expected to result in significant changes in task design, scoring, and test interpretation and use.

Student Notetaking media in Higher Education

This paper explores the evolution of research methodology in the study of student notetaking in higher education (HE) and its impact on pedagogic approaches. While acknowledging the importance of notetaking for student learning, the paper argues that the overreliance of randomized control trials (RCTs) has led to some potentially misleading conclusions about lectures in HE and the notes students make during them.&#x0D; The paper traces the historical development of research methodologies in student notetaking, highlighting the shift from early observational studies to experimental research focused on identifying effective notetaking styles. However, the paper contends that these experimental studies often failed to capture the complex real-world factors that influence student note taking behaviour and learning outcomes.&#x0D; Contradictory findings between experimental and observational research are presented, challenging the assumptions drawn from RCTs. Observational studies suggest that the quality and quantity of notes taken during lectures may have limited impact on long-term conceptual understanding and learning outcomes, while the revision and review process may play a more significant role.&#x0D; The paper also examines the issues of internal and external validity in experimental research on student notetaking. It argues that the experimental methodologies used in these studies often controlled for important contextual factors, resulting in misleading outcomes that do not translate well into real-world settings.&#x0D; Drawing on the concepts of holist underdetermination and auxiliary hypotheses, the paper emphasizes the need for mixed methodologies and a holistic approach to investigate and establish causation in the study of student notetaking. &#x0D; In conclusion, the paper suggests that a shift in focus from student notetaking to the lecture itself may be necessary. It highlights the importance of considering the broader context, individual differences, and the review and revision process in understanding the impact of notetaking on student learning outcomes. The paper calls for a re-evaluation of experimental methodologies and a more comprehensive approach to studying student notetaking in higher education.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Patient-reported, observer-reported and performance outcomes in qualification procedures at the European Medicines Agency 2013-2018.

To describe characteristics of applicant, tool, outcomes, regulatory responses and general learnings from European Medicines Agency (EMA) Qualification Procedures on patient-reported outcomes (PROs), observer-reported outcomes (ObsROs) and performance outcomes (PerfOs) finalized between January 2013 and December 2018. Descriptive analysis, and qualitative review of the regulatory outcomes of the study procedures. Seventeen qualification programmes for PROs, 6 for ObsRO tools and 11 for PerfO tools were submitted by consortia, large and small/medium companies. Gastroenterology and neurology were the most frequent therapeutic areas. There was a high level of regulators' partial agreement (above 70%) with applicant's approaches with constructive input; EMA published Letters of Support for PRO (6), ObsRO (2) and PerfO (4) tools, and Qualification Opinions on PROs (2) and PerfOs (1). General issues related to Qualification Procedures on PROs raised by EU regulatorsincluded: population, appropriate studies to demonstrate ability to detect change, tool validation in interventional trials, anchoring, identification of the minimally important difference, item selection, weighting, and multiple domains. In addition, specific issues for ObsROs and PerfO tools validation are identified. Regulators discussed principles and challenges of validation tailored to specific setting in tool development, providing constructive feedback. Regulatory outputs supportive of further development were published in over one-third of programs.We encourage applicants intending to use or develop novel PRO, ObsRO and PerfO tools that will generate evidence for regulatory submissions on medicines to consider Qualification procedures for novel methods to seek feedback on the development and validation of these tools.

공공조달계약의 체결과 이해충돌 상황

The Act on the Prevention of Conflict of Interest prohibits public officials from pursuing private interests in connection with the performance of their duties. The Act aims to ensure fair performance of duties, and to secure the public's trust in public administration. It was enacted and went into effect on May 19, 2022. It is not easy to find precedents in comparative law for regulations regarding conflict of interest situations. In particular, defining and determining the scope of conflict of interest involves evaluation and judgment on very comprehensive issues, such as procurement contracts. Conflicts of interest in public procurement are an area in which violations of public official duties, criminal punishment, administrative sanctions, civil suits for damages, and issues of contract validity can be complexly connected, and a systematic review of legal principles related laws and regulations.&#x0D; In France, regulations on conflict of interest were established relatively late, but judgements established a specific precedent for conflict of interest in the area of procurement contracts. Administrative court's strong will to comply with the principle of open and fair competition was revealed in that it confirmed that if a conflict of interest is recognized through judgement, it can lead to termination of concluded contract. French law cases can give a reference in relation to case analysis and precedent issues regarding the situations of conflict of interest. This paper examine French regulations on conflicts of interest focusing on public procurement contracts, and discuss the resolution of legal disputes regarding compliance with the obligation to open and fair competition in the process of concluding public procurement contracts.

Re-visiting the six-item Stanford presenteeism scale (SPS-6) and its psychometric properties.

Presenteeism has often been considered as the correlate of absenteeism and associated to productivity loss. This study sought to re-examine the psychometric properties of the 6-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6), a popular measure which has been translated in a number of languages. The study adopted a cross-sectional design with 268 participants aged 18 - 65 working in a multinational IT company with headquarters based in Poland. The respondents participated willingly in an online questionnaire on a presenteeism health-related productivity measure (SPS-6), job resources (peer support), job demands (work-to-family conflict), engagement and burnout. Their responses were subjected to statistical analyses. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the SPS-6 is better represented by two singular and independent components, namely completing work and avoiding distractions, rather than an aggregated measure of health-related productivity. In fact, the aggregated measure had convergent and discriminant validity issues. We also assessed, via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the explanatory role of the SPS-6 within the wider well-being discourse by subjecting its' factors as outcomes using the JD-R framework. Here, burnout was better at explaining its relationship to avoiding distractions and completing work compared to engagement, while avoiding distractions was more dominant than completing work in explaining indirect pathways. Given the convergent and discriminant validity of its two-dimensional measures, we argue that the SPS-6 is a better assessment of health-related productivity in the light of presenteeism when keeping both components separate rather than adding the scores from both dimensions to provide a global score as has been the practice so far. In addition, the SEM findings suggest that both SPS-6 components may require different theoretical explanations. This study supports a growing chorus of scholars who argue the need to look deeper into the presenteeism phenomenon, not least its measures.

Addressing the Transaction Validation Issue in IOTA Tangle: A Tip Selection Algorithm Based on Time Division

IOTA is a new public chain system specifically designed for the Internet of Things (IoT), which provides strong support for the high concurrency, scalability, and zero handling fees of the IoT. The distributed ledger of IOTA, called the tangle, adopts a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure. However, compared to the single-chain architecture, the tangle is more complex and highly vulnerable to security threats. The existing transaction verification methods still cannot simultaneously meet the need for accelerating approval speed and improving security to resist illegal transactions, such as lazy tips and permanent tips. In this work, we propose TDTS, a tip-selection algorithm based on time division to improve the efficiency of transaction verification. The main idea of the algorithm is to quickly determine two tips of an incoming transaction that need to be confirmed by sorting tip values in a time slot. It shortens the transaction verification time and reduces the number of lazy tips and permanent tips. A comprehensive theoretical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. Based on 1000 IOTA nodes, the evaluations showed that TDTS can select tips quickly like URTS and resist lazy tips like MCMC.

The validity issues of the heartbeat counting task are not ruled out by Schulz et al. (2021): A commentary

The validity issues of the heartbeat counting task are not ruled out by Schulz et al. (2021): A commentary

Critical factors influencing the adoption of building information modelling (BIM) using technological adoption framework and structural equation modelling

PurposeThis paper studies the critical factors from the perspectives of technological quality, personal compatibility and organisational commitment using the technological adoption framework (TAF). The proposed TAF studies the critical factors that influence the intention to use building information modelling (BIM) taking into consideration of the “Perceived Ease of Use (PEU)” and “Perceive Usefulness (PU).”Design/methodology/approachThe proposed study is a quantitative research study using the TAF model and the statistical analysis using “Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM).” The questionnaires are developed based on the literature review study and disseminated to the stakeholders in the Malaysian construction industry, including consultants, contractors, and clients. The data collected are analysed using PLS-SEM to identify the correlation between the critical factors influencing BIM adoption and the moderation influence of the PEU and PU towards the “Intention to Use (IU)” BIM.FindingsThe data collected from 185 construction industry stakeholders in Malaysia was utilised to develop the structural equation model. The measurement model was analysed in terms of composite reliability, discriminant validity, and collinearity issues. Subsequently, the SEM is analysed, and the findings on the hypothesis on the correlation between the critical factors and the intention to use BIM are examined. The study also examines the mediation effects of the PEU and PU towards the BIM adoption in the Malaysian construction industry.Originality/valueThis research conceptual framework, TAF, is derived from the integration of the existing underpinning theories of the technological adoption model and the technology–organisation–environment framework. This new TAF can be used for the study of new technology adoption. This cross-sectional research study is in line with the “Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan” in Malaysia to establish the current BIM adoption scenario and formulate the framework to promote incentives to promote BIM adoption.

Measuring memory: A survey of neuropsychological practice amongst New Zealand psychologists

This study sought to explore patterns of memory assessment in neuropsychological practice within New Zealand (NZ), to compare it to that previously described in Europe, North America and Australia, and to consider the implications for neuropsychology training in NZ. 80 NZ-registered psychologists completed an online survey asking them how frequently they utilized 50 commonly used tests of memory. Participants were also asked about their main areas of specialty, work context and demographic information. Whilst participants appeared, broadly, to utilize a similar set of ‘core’ tests to their colleagues in Europe, Australia and North America, there were a number of tests and test domains that were rarely utilized by NZ psychologists, in contrast to overseas samples. Furthermore, several of the tests in common usage have been shown to have significant validity issues for use with an NZ population. Overall, this study suggests that most NZ psychologists employ a similar approach to memory assessment, typically relying upon a small number of well-known tests. This appears to contrast with a greater variability of practice shown in studies of European, North American and Australian psychologists and raises several interesting questions for the future development of neuropsychology in NZ.

Quality Assurance System Policy Evaluation Strategy to Increase the Competitiveness of Private Universities

The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze how the higher education quality assurance system works and to find out and analyze the dimensions of quality assurance system policy evaluation to improve the competitiveness of private tertiary institutions in the city of Bandung. This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative type and is supported by the SWOT technique. The results of the study show that the implementation of the quality assurance system for Private Higher Education in Bandung City is still not effective, so a policy evaluation is needed through (1) Administrative evaluation by taking into account: Effort evaluation, performance evaluation, adequacy of performance, efficiency evaluation and process evaluation, (2) Judicial evaluation by taking into account: Issues of legal validity, possible violations of the constitution, possible violations of the legal system, possible violations of ethics and state administration rules, (3) Political evaluation by taking into account: Political process in determining policies, acceptance of political constituencies towards public policies, implementation information technology. The results of the policy evaluation in this study then produce recommendation strategies related to the implementation of the Higher Education quality assurance system by the government's standard provisions.

Reproducing bronze archaeological patinas through intentional burial: A comparison between short- and long-term interactions with soil

The reproduction of archaeological corrosion patinas is a key issue for the reliable validation of conservation materials before their use on cultural objects. In this study, bronze disks were intentionally buried for 15 years in the soil of the archaeological site of Tharros, both in laboratory and in situ, with the aim of reproducing corrosion patinas typical of archaeological artifacts to be used as representative surfaces for testing novel cleaning gels. The microstructural, microchemical and mineralogical features of the patinas were analyzed by a multianalytical approach, based on optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (FE-SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The patinas developed in 15 years were compared with an archaeological bronze recovered from the same site after about two thousand years of burial (referred as short-term and long-term interaction, respectively). Results revealed a similar corrosion behavior, especially in terms of chemical composition and corrosion mechanisms. XRD detected the ubiquitous presence of cuprite, copper hydroxychlorides and terrigenous minerals, while OM and FE-SEM-EDS analyses of cross-sections evidenced similar patinas’ stratigraphy, identifying decuprification as driving corrosion mechanism. However, some differences related to the type of local environment and to the time spent in soil were evidenced. In particular, patinas developed in situ are more heterogeneous and rougher, while the archaeological one is thicker and presents a major amount of cuprite, terrigenous deposits and uncommon corrosion compounds. Based on our findings, the disks buried in situ were selected and used as disposable substrates to study the cleaning effect of a novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based gel loaded with a chelating agent (Na2EDTA · 2H2O). Results show that the gel is effective in removing disfiguring degradation compounds and preserving the stable and protective patina. Based on the conservation needs, the time of application can be properly tuned. It is worth noticing that after a few minutes the green corrosion products can be selectively removed. The EDS analysis performed on the gels after cleaning reveals that they are highly selective for the removal of copper(II) compounds rather than Cu(I) oxide or Cu(0) from bronze substrates.