Issues Of Cooperation Research Articles

The construction of laws and regulations on the competition between tort compensation and work-related injury insurance under the injury caused by a third party

The problem of the competition between tort compensation and work-related injury insurance in the case of third-party injury is due to the different evaluations and norms of the modern relief system for the same damage. In comparative law, there are four legislative models: choice, substitution, both, and supplementation. China's relevant legislation presents the problems of decentralization, principle, contradiction and localization, which aggravates the complexity of the problem. Focusing on the protection of workers' rights and interests, the current situation of China's social development and the original intention of the design of relevant systems, China should adopt a "limited and beneficial model" in dealing with such competition and cooperation issues in the future.

Возможности координации торговой политики стран БРИКС

As an informal association, BRICS has formed an agenda that includes a wide range of issues of economic cooperation between the member countries. One of the areas in which cooperation, or at least coordination of positions, is possible and necessary is trade policy as a tool to promote the trade and political interests of the BRICS countries and, at the same time, a factor in the formation of a multipolar world. The purpose of this article is to identify areas in which, despite all existing differences, it is possible to harmonize interests and, possibly, represent a common position in multilateral trade negotiations.

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and application of nanoadditives in diesel fuel: bibliometric analysis

The problem of obtaining metal nanoparticles considering environmental risks in connection with the use of synthesis products in mixtures of new types of diesel fuel has been studied. An analysis of existing research on these topics was carried out. Based on the data sets obtained using the Dimensions and OpenAlex services, the characteristics of the studies were determined. To analyze the problem of green synthesis of nanoparticles, a dataset of 6,062 journal articles published from 2001 to October 2023 was used. The use of nanoparticles as diesel fuel components was investigated using a dataset of 540 journal articles published from 2005 to October 2023. The leading countries and organizations by the number of publications and citations have been identified. Based on the analysis of coauthorship, the issue of international cooperation is considered. The most significant publications were determined by the number of citations. Using methods of visual analysis of data on research keywords, their trends and prospects were determined. In addition, an assessment was made of the development of the problem of using “green” methods for obtaining nanoparticles used as components of diesel fuel.

ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ УЧАСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПРИКОРДОННОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ В РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ВІЙНІ (2014–2018 рр.)

The article summarizes the historiography on the topic of the study on the participation of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014–2018. The relevance of the research topic is due to the lack of special comprehensive historical studies on the participation of border guards in the Russian-Ukrainian war in Ukrainian historiography. It is worth noting that the participation of border guards in repelling Russian aggression was not limited to direct combat operations. In addition, the border guard institution had to ensure various control measures on the demarcation line in certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. In addition, it is worth taking into account not only the course of military events, but also a number of numerous factors that, in their entirety, also have a significant impact on the course of the war. In particular, national issues, problems of regional social, economic, political and cultural development. At the same time, when studying modern armed conflicts, it is necessary to take into account the issue of civil-military cooperation in the state territories that have been liberated from the aggressor. Some historiographical sources include memoir literature, which provides testimonies of direct participants in hostilities. Thus, based on the achievements of modern Ukrainian scientific thought, it becomes possible to summarize the historiography of the problem in question in order to determine the place and role of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014–2018. Prospects for further research include the analysis of the source base in order to assess its representativeness in the study of the history of the border agency’s participation in the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2014–2018.

РОССИЙСКО-КАЗАХСТАНСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В ПОСТКРЫМСКИЙ ПЕРИОД: ФАЗА СТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ

The article investigates the evolution of the Russian-Kazakhstani relations at the second stage of the post-Crimea period (August 2016 – March 2019). Based on a wide range of official sources and periodicals, it identifies the main trends and issues of bilateral cooperation in the political, economic, and humanitarian spheres, as well as at the interregional level. It determines the main factors that influenced the interaction between Moscow and Astana. It pays particular attention to the role of the presidents of Russia and Kazakhstan in promoting and strengthening their alliance and strategic partnership. It concludes that the period under consideration was a time for relative stabilization of Russian-Kazakhstani relations, which replaced the powerful turbulence that emerged in the context of the events of the “Ukrainian crisis” and “Crimean Spring”. However, despite the significant results achieved by the parties during the period, they failed to solve their most important challenge, which was the excessive dependence of the system of their interaction on the foreign policy preferences of Russia and Kazakhstan’s national leaders. As a result, the active development of the bilateral cooperation was ensured not so much by objective reasons as by the support provided to the process by Presidents Vladimir Putin and Nursultan Nazarbayev. Therefore, Nazarbayev’s resignation as head of state could result in unpredictable consequences for Russia-Kazakhstan relations.

Моделирование процессов сбыта в системе «производитель – маркетплейс»

Introduction. E-commerce is becoming one of the priority channels for the distribution of goods. Marketplaces with their large segments of the target audience and a wide range of logistics, marketing, information, and other services are the most extensively growing e-platforms. It seems relevant to use mathematical tools to describe various schemes of interaction between manufacturers and marketplaces since by now scientific papers consider only theoretical issues of cooperation between manufacturers and marketplaces and do not outline the elements of this system. Purpose. The study investigates the basic schemes of interaction between manufacturers and marketplaces and develops a universally applicable economic and mathematical model of interaction between manufacturers and marketplaces. Materials and Methods. The article examines theoretical and methodological approaches to the organization of cooperation between manufacturers and electronic marketplaces to identify the cooperation models relevant for the Russian marketplaces, their features, advantages and disadvantages. Results. The authors developed a fulfillment-based economic and mathematical model of the organization of the manufacturer’s sales system provided the goods are safely stored in the warehouse of the marketplace. The model defines the functions of the manufacturer’s revenue as the volume of sales on the online platform and the costs of warehousing, transportation, marketing promotion, commission fee and other related costs to maximize the manufacturer’s profit, determines restrictions on the number of goods sold, stored and manufactured, the volume of goods in stock and the seller’s rating on the marketplace. Conclusion. The paper describes a universally applicable model for manufacturers using the first-level sales channel as a marketplace with no distributors, wholesalers, and retailers, and marketplaces providing a range of logistics services, including warehousing, sorting, and delivery of goods to customers. Further research suggests developing a model for manufacturers’ interaction with marketplaces to explore possible channels for the distribution of products in case goods are stored in their own warehouses and retail chains’ warehouses.

Combating terrorist threats in the Republic of Tajikistan

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of measures to combat terrorist threats in the Republic of Tajikistan. The article examines not only the problem of terrorism in the region, but also assesses its impact on the development and stability of the state and society as a whole. In the context of global trends related to international terrorism, extremism and drug trafficking, special attention is paid to their impact on Central Asia and the post-Soviet space. The region is becoming vulnerable to such threats, and therefore effective cooperation between States and international organizations in combating these problems is important. The current problems are analyzed, including the changing nature of global terrorism and its spread, especially in Afghanistan. The growth of extremist organizations and drug trafficking is also being revealed, which poses serious challenges to Tajikistan's national security. The study analyzed data obtained from various sources, which made it possible to identify significant challenges and threats to which the Central Asian states are exposed. Special attention is paid to global processes and their impact on the security of the region, as well as internal factors determining the socio-political situation in the Republic of Tajikistan. The novelty of this study lies in the importance of collective counteraction to terrorist threats and their impact on the stability and development of the Republic of Tajikistan. Considering the problem not only from the point of view of internal security, but also in the context of global trends, the study reveals the relationship between terrorism and other problems such as extremism and drug trafficking.This study highlights the important role of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan in ensuring the country's security and countering threats. The article also discusses issues of cooperation with neighboring states and international organizations in the field of combating terrorism, which is also a new and relevant aspect of the study. Special attention is paid to the relevance and importance of these issues for ensuring the stability and development of the states of the Central Asian region. In the context of the changing global situation and the increasing influence of terrorism and extremism, the article emphasizes the need to effectively respond to threats and take appropriate measures to ensure the security of the region as a whole.

Сотрудничество стран Центральной Азии с региональным отделе- нием управления Верховного комиссара ООН по правам человека

This article analyzes the issues of cooperation between Central Asian countries and the regional office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. The establishment of a Regional office in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) in 2008 and its activities, which cover Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, are considered. The purpose, main directions and ideas of scientific research are formulated in the following form. It highlights the specifics of the Regional Office's cooperation with the countries of the region on human rights and freedoms. The mandate of the Regional Office allows interaction with Governments, international organizations, and representatives of civil society, which contributes to the development and implementation of programs for the protection of human rights and freedoms. The scientific significance of this work is evident in the fact that it shows how the process of strengthening human rights protection in the region took place through educational programs, trainings, and seminars. The practical significance lies in the fact that this article presents successful practices of cooperation between representative offices that were established in various cities of the studied region. The research methodology includes the method of comparative legal analysis, the logical method and the method of scientific forecasting. The main results and conclusions include: the need to organize the fight against corruption crimes in order to better respect human rights; the presence of a positive impact of the Regional Office on improving the effectiveness of the work of national human rights institutions; improving the mechanism for the observance and protection of human rights through the formulation of legislative and convention recommendations and proposals in the article. The value of the convention and legislative recommendations is reduced to the need to establish a Central Asian Court of Human Rights based on the principles of the European Court of Human Rights. The practical significance of the results of the work is that the decisions of the Central Asian Court of Human Rights should become binding for each State in the region and its courts, which would raise the level of human rights protection in the region.

Удосконалення процесу прийняття управлінських рішень в Україні шляхом забезпечення їх публічності в умовах війни

Problem statement. The requirement to make timely and correct administrative decisions is relevant for public management at any level, in all countries and in all historical periods. Therefore, many managers wonder how to develop a mechanism for making such a decision. There are conditions in which the administrative decision-making process acquires additional complications. In the conditions of martial law, the improvement of such a process acquires certain specific features. It is affected mainly by the safety and value components of social life, as well as the change in the algorithms of interaction between society and authorities in the specific conditions of war. An additional factor that provokes the need to revise the administrative decision-making process in Ukraine is the implementation of systemic reforms in the context of fulfilling the requirements for our country’s accession to the EU and NATO. Therefore, improving the administrative decision-making process in Ukraine, ensuring their publicity, is becoming particularly acute. Presentation of basic material. The article analyses the administrative decision- making process under martial law in Ukraine through the principle of publicity, specific requirements for the publicity of information management and administration via the prism of security requirements, and interaction with the Armed Forces. It substantiates that the publicity principle ensuring the formation and implementation of administrative decisions at management levels is a European integration requirement. Based on the analysis of normative and legal instruments it establishes that organisational, institutional, and legal requirements for the authorities’ activity provide for and oblige them to follow the publicity principle while adopting administrative decisions under martial law. Possible restrictions on public information disclosure are analysed and defined. It is revealed that restrictions relate to the issues of defence means and forces of Ukraine, but not to the processes of making administrative decisions, the public information holder is responsible for the information content in the decision-making process, and it is stipulated by the legislation. It is shown that the administrative decision-making process improvement in Ukraine by ensuring its publicity under martial law is achievable through several strategies (digitalisation, financing control, electronic reporting development, revision and improvement of crisis communication algorithms between the population and authorities, civil society institutions development, in particular, motivation of people to participate in making managerial decisions, enhancing officials’ skills in communicating with the population based on the publicity and compliance balance with the requirements of the martial law on access to information, etc.). Conclusions and suggestions. A conclusion is made that Ukraine is developing during wartime in line with European managerial approaches, among which is publicity in making managerial decisions by the authorities. Among the promising directions of research, we see the issue of cooperation with international organizations and partners to strengthen efforts to ensure publicity during the administrative decision-making process at various levels; exchange of publicity practices with democratic countries that have experience in decision-making during military conflicts.

COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF MISSILE DEFENSE IN THE EURO-ATLANTIC AREA

An important feature of contemporary armed conflicts is the large-scale use of air attack. The events of the last two years have made many experts realize that the present air safety environment is increasingly uncertain, complex, and difficult to forecast. It is therefore justified to present current issues related to anti-missile defense – which, in the authors’ opinion, is crucial for the functioning of NATO border states.The aim of this article is to describe cooperation in the framework of anti-missile defense in the Euro-Atlantic area, which is characterized by a dynamic process of transformation, including ambitions among some countries to dominate in this dimension.This study uses document research and quantitative and qualitative analysis. It reviews the scientific literature on the complex issue of cooperation in the field of missile defense, and uses publicly available information provided by interested institutions. The results show that this cooperation is not a new phenomenon, but it currently requires organized political and military actions from states, including their armed forces.

남북 그린데탕트 추진을 위한 국내법제 정비 방안

This paper raises the necessity and utility of environmental cooperation in the context of the climate change crisis caused by environmental pollution and the strained North-South relations influenced by the US-China rivalry. It presents a plan for the domestic legal revision needed to facilitate this. Particularly, in the case of North and South Korea, where land and sea are interconnected, a joint response to climate change is necessary, and such cooperation can be mutually beneficial. Additionally, environmental improvement projects in North Korea can enhance the quality of life of its residents, offering a humanitarian aspect and potentially not conflicting with international sanctions against North Korea. In this regard, efforts for environmental cooperation are necessary for both Koreas, and there is a considerable possibility that North Korea will respond to these efforts. According to reports submitted to the UN and others, environmental pollution in North Korea is at a serious level, and there is observed intent to seek international support for its resolution. This situation implies that the resolution of environmental issues between North and South Korea can at least be achieved within the framework of multilateral international cooperation. The South Korean government has proposed the “Green Detente” policy as part of its North Korea policy to address the problems arising from climate change in North and South Korea and East Asia. The Green Detente can be understood as a process that aims for unification through reconciliation and cooperation by enhancing mutual benefits through cooperation in the environmental sector, which is a non-political field. In a situation where political exchanges are difficult, environmental cooperation has the advantage of being less burdensome as it can be conducted through local governments, private sector, or so-called 1.5 track exchanges. However, when examining the current state of domestic legislation for promoting the Green Detente as part of this policy, several limitations and problems have been identified. Firstly, our laws do not anticipate the divided situation and are not formulated to be applicable to North Korean areas. Nor is there a special law for the promotion of Green Detente. Even if there were such a law, it would not be simple to pre-emptively legislate for various unpredictable situations. Therefore, the most useful approach currently available is to create a legislative environment for the implementation of the Green Detente policy by revising laws, particularly those governing North-South relations and laws addressing environmental pollution and disaster preparedness. A brief examination reveals that the Inter-Korean Exchange and Cooperation Act, which regulates all areas of inter-Korean exchange and cooperation, needs revision due to unnecessary and complex regulatory elements concerning environmental exchange and cooperation. Individual environmental laws lack the foundation for research and study on North Korean areas and nearly lack provisions considering the possibility of cooperation with North Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to legislate including plans for cooperation, investigation, and research on North Korean areas in the provisions for establishing basic plans in individual environmental laws. Additionally, provisions related to international cooperation may be difficult to apply to bilateral cooperation issues between North and South Korea. The revision of domestic laws should be done in a way that respects the basic principles of unification under the constitution, does not harm North-South relations, prepares for unification, and complies with international standards on environmental issues.

International cooperation of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine with the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in countering the challenges of transnational crime and conducting international search for criminals

The article is devoted to the issues of international cooperation of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine with the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) to intensify actions aimed strengthening security at own borders, counteracting the challenges of transnational crime and conducting international search for criminals with the help of existing international organizations.
 It is emphasized that Ukraine’s participation in international organizations is an integral part of the state’s foreign policy, which makes it possible to cope with all the negative phenomena and problems that Ukraine is facing in this difficult time.
 The author examines the historical aspects of the establishment and further development of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex).
 The author analyzes the role of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in the process of international search for criminals, which is conducted jointly with law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, since the organization provides assistance in searching for criminals using its powerful technical and resource potential.
 Attention is paid to the aims and objectives of the international organization, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) tointensify actions related to strengthening security at own borders and counteracting the challenges of transnational crime.
 The author analyzes the EUROSUR communication channel used by Frontex as a system for exchanging information on the situation on European borders and in the border area.
 The author also discusses the issues of cooperation between law enforcement agencies of Ukraine and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex), which includes assistance in sharing experience and previously acquired skills to overcome negative trends occurring at the borders of Ukraine, to strengthen its own security, to counteract the challenges of cross-border crime and to support national authorities in identifying persons on the international wanted list, which is extremely necessary in such a difficult time.

Рецензія на монографію «Сучасні радіаційно-ядерні загрози: навчальний посібник»

The study guide "Modern Radiation-Nuclear Threats" examines issues of radiation-nuclear threats at the current stage of human development (characteristics of the phenomenon of radioactivity and ionizing radiation, descriptions of nuclear warheads, damage factors of a nuclear explosion, radiation terrorism and radiation weapons, radiation-nuclear accidents at nuclear power plants etc). Features of the biological action of ionizing radiation (primary and secondary radiobiological effects, stochastic and deterministic effects, chronic radiation sickness) are described. Data are provided on the prospects for the development of nuclear energy in Ukraine. Modern technical means for assessing the degree of radiation-nuclear threat were considered separately: military dosimetric devices, dosimetric devices of the State Emergency Service and devices used in atomic energy were characterized. Issues of interdepartmental cooperation in the field of prevention and response to radiation and nuclear threats in Ukraine were considered. The study guide is intended for students, intern doctors and students of higher medical educational institutions of Ukraine and post-graduate medical education institutions. The study guide is drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the Program for the Training of Citizens of Ukraine under the Program for the Training of Reserve Officers of the Medical Service, the module "Military Toxicology, Radiology and Medical Protection" for applicants of the first (bachelor's) level of knowledge 22 "Health Care" in the specialties "Medical business", "Dentistry", "Pediatrics", "Pharmacy" and the second (master's) level of knowledge 22 "Health care" for military accounting specialties "Medical business", "Dentistry", "Pharmacy".

MODEL LEGISLATION OF THE CIS MEMBER STATES ON JURY TRIALS

The article considers the issue of inter-parliamentary cooperation of the member states of theCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), formed in 1991. The main form of inter-parliamentarycooperation of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States is model lawmaking. As aresult of a comparative legal study, it was concluded that the model legislation of the Commonwealth ofIndependent States and the national legislation of the CIS member states, in particular the legislation ontrial with the participation of jurors, are interrelated and mutually influenced. The subject of the study wasthe norms of the “Model Criminal Procedure Code for the CIS Member States” in 1996 and the norms ofthe “Model Code on the Judicial System and the Status of Judges for the CIS Member States” in 2011. Thegeneral tendency to improve the judicial systems of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, theKyrgyz Republic was revealed — the legislative consolidation of the possibility of considering criminal casesby a court with the participation of jurors. In the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, thecourt with the participation of jurors is successfully functioning, in the Kyrgyz Republic it will be introducedin January 2025.

Позиции экспертно-аналитических центров России и КНР по российско-китайскому сотрудничеству в Арктике

Today, Russia and China are each other’s most important partners in the international arena. The article discusses such an important area of their relations as interaction in the Arctic region and evolution of its development. In recent years, the role of analytic centers has grown, especially as the world faces complex global challenges such as climate change, economic inequality and political polarization. That is why the positions of the expert and analytical community of the Russian Federation and China on the issue of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic are of great interest in the article. In particular, the concept of “think tanks” is considered, the expert and analytical communities of Russia and China are studied, the developments of Russian and Chinese “think tanks” in such key areas as the development of natural resources of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic, including the Northern Sea Route, scientific and technological cooperation. The article identifies similarities and differences in the views of Russian and Chinese scientists on these issues. The article considers the period from the beginning of Russian-Chinese co-operation in the Far North up to the present time, that is, approximately for the last 10 years.

The new EU energy security reality and its impact on the wider Black Sea region

This brief in-depth research “The new EU energy security reality and its impact on the wider Black Sea region” on a security Studies was organized by David Aghmashenebeli National Defence Academy of Georgia, Germany. Its goal is to support the security of the Wider Black Sea Region energy supply chains. The purpose of this project is to answer to the main question: Will EU energy security impact the south-eastern flank of the Euro-Atlantic space. Russia's war in Ukraine has created new problems that are not addressed by outdated security programs and old-fashioned traditional defence approaches. That the war in Ukraine is not the cause of a future conflict against the world order is not a new point of view, furthermore, the war in Ukraine is one of the results of the already existing conflict. It is a real possibility that the Kremlin will continue its aggressive foreign policy towards its neighbours and neighbours of neighbours in order to consolidate global power and "legitimacy". The eternal war in the region exposed the EU’s economic weaknesses in energy exports and supply chains. Military professionals believe that whoever controls the east of the Euro-Atlantic space and/or dominates the Black Sea, can easily project power on the European continent, Central Europe, the Mediterranean, the North/South Caucasus and the Middle East. Russia eternal war has shown us more dependence, weaponization, interference and more vulnerability of the EU Countries; Security is no longer based on the previously established rules. In the near future It’s unlikely that relations between the EU and Russia will be based on beneficial energy relations. The European Union is moving beyond the binary dependency that binds international actors, creating a new reality in which the inclusiveness of energy security extends to several different areas, diversification will be critical for the EU. Supply chains are complicated and messy, it’s implausible to make positive changes overnight. Taking into account Russia sharp growth in military spending, its ability to integrate state resources and masses and it’s "great propensity for risk" makes Russia both a “capable and unpredictable actor”. Russia's blackmail to use nuclear weapons indicates that Kremlin is losing the war due to lack of ammunition and low technological capabilities and in the short term wants to take this war into a protracted or frozen conflict phase. According to the analysis of the processes of the recent past, the stability of the region cannot be successful and effective only with the support of NATO member states on EU's eastern flank. NATO, EU and their partners should have an emergency and long-term assistance strategy for the parties. From the lesson learnt in the last 30+ years on international cooperation issues it is vital that in the next 10-30 years the Euro-Atlantic and regional countries (except Russia) in the region, must counter challenges with collective deterrence of cooperation. Actively promoting stability is possible through the existence of the theory of Russian deterrence. Stability should be achieved by promoting collective deterrence and integration of Russia; a strategy of emergency and long-term assistance not only for alliance members, but also for partners, plus collective deterrence equals fixing and integration of Russia. Speeches and workshops used in editing this paper, Organized by the Research and Policy Analysis Department (RPA) project of Strategic Competition Seminar Series-FY23 SCSS of George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies (GCMC) at Workshop I held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 20-24 February 2023 entitled “Alternative Ukrainian Future Trajectories: Implications for Russia and the West” and Workshop II held in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2023“ (A summary of FY23 SCSS#8 hybrid seminar entitled “What if? Russian Variables, Inflection Points and Game Changers?” at SCSS Workshop II) have been very supportive in the preparation of the paper. For the EU and its partners in the region to support the most desirable outcomes and mitigate the worst considering all scenarios discussed in the paper includes following key take-aways: 1. Relationships and cooperation matter 2. Security guarantees matter

Concepts of interaction of the state within non-governmental organizations in the Republic of Kazakhstan

This article is aimed at the important concepts of the development of a democratic state is the development of civil society. During the period of Kazakhstan's independence, the non-governmental sector went through several stages of fundamental development, which showed a dynamic growth in the number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). At the same time, in the context of globalization and for the development of a constructive public dialogue, the mechanism of interaction between the state and NGOs should be improved. The purpose of this article is to identify the best concepts of interaction between the state and NGOs based on the analysis of international experience to enhance the role of interaction between government agencies and NGOs. The methodology of the research is the study of foreign scientific articles from different states with the greatest experience in building relationships with the civil sector and the analysis of the current state of the mechanisms of interaction between the state and NGOs in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as statistical data of the authorized body for the development of the civil sector. In this study, the authors focus on the issue of cooperation between the state and NGOs, where there is a low participation of the non-governmental sector in solving socio-economic problems of the country and the imperfection of state mechanisms in the interaction of dialogue with society.

China's Cooperation with Countries of Central Asia: Present and Prospects

The article examines China’s geopolitical, economic, and security interests in Central Asia against the background of global geopolitical confrontation in the region. It has been established that China’s foreign policy towards the countries of Central Asia is aimed at: observing the principles of good-neighborly friendship and peaceful cooperation; implementation of mutually beneficial cooperation to promote general prosperity; respect for the choices of people of all countries and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries; respect for independence and sovereignty and promotion of regional stability. Special attention is paid to the issue of security and maintenance of stability in the region, which is ensured mainly through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The issue of cooperation in the energy sector was also considered. China’s state-owned companies in the region have focused their interest on the energy industry, and especially on Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan – countries that contain significant hydrocarbon potential and high export and transit opportunities. By attracting investments to the region, China strengthens its influence, thereby weakening the dependence of the countries of the region on Russia and balancing Russia's political activity in the region. According to the results of the first summit «China - Central Asia», held on May 18-19, 2023 in the city of Xiʼan, the leaders of the countries of the region approved the policy of «one China», supporting its policy towards Taiwan, and also agreed on the activation of bilateral relations, the development of transport energy and transport and logistics communications, increasing the export of food products to China.

ASEAN’in İnsan Hakları Perspektifinin Dönüşen Niteliği: Vizyon ve Uygulama

The matter of human rights was not a priority topic in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) regionalism in the 20th century. However, human rights have become an important issue of cooperation in the ASEAN regionalism in the 21st century. From this point of view, this article analyzes the motivations that guide ASEAN cooperation regarding human rights, the historical development of the cooperation process and the problems faced by cooperation in the field of human rights in practice. The article’s main argument is that while ASEAN has strengthened collaboration in human rights in theory in the 21st century, it has not developed a similar behavior in practice, and there is an imbalance between the theory and practice in cooperation concerning human rights. This study shows that ASEAN’s traditional method of collaboration based on consensus-based decision-making and non-binding institutions has caused to a decrease in the effectiveness of cooperation over human rights and means that ASEAN is unable to reply effectively to human rights violations.

Digital urban services in the regional management system: The city of St. Petersburg urban services ecosystem case study

Subject. This article discusses the issues of cooperation between the authorities and the population, as well as the development of the digital economy. Objectives. The article aims to assess the impact of digital services on the socio-economic development of a large city and the optimization of management processes at the municipal level. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. The article finds that the introduction of an ecosystem of urban services in St. Petersburg contributes to an increase in the level of cooperation between citizens and authorities, improving access to information in the city. Relevance. The results of the study can be used in the process of designing strategies for the development of regional (city) digital platforms.