Issue In Turkey Research Articles

The reflection of Newman's defensible space theory on Turkey's neighbourhoods: typomorphological analysis of safe-space within an analytical framework

PurposeThe research intends to investigate the different typological and morphological characteristics of the neighbourhood spaces produced by different urban dynamics since the late nineteenth century in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThe main problem that drives the research is that a significant increase in the construction of gated communities has started to be seen in the last five years as a solution to safety issues in Turkey. However, these gated communities as safe-spaces have resulted in the danger of destroying neighbourhood life's physical and social dynamics by changing their spatial configuration. The study offers an analytical framework structured from defensible space theory and other safe-space theories in the literature. It has analysed the effect of physical characteristics of urban fabric on the production of safe-space in neighbourhoods through mappings and site observations. The case studies are conducted in three different morphological periods in Turkey, which are the Seyrancik neighbourhood in Bolu (the Ottoman Period), the Subayevleri neighbourhood in Ankara (the Republican Period) and the Karaman neighbourhood in Sakarya (the Liberalisation Period).FindingsThe analysis concludes that any type does not come to the fore in the production of defensible space in terms of its spatial features, but each has various strengths and weaknesses. As a result, this study emphasises the role of design in providing defensible neighbourhoods in the case of Turkey's cities and reveals the aspects that will guide the design of an urban and housing form in terms of the safety–environment relationship in Turkey.Originality/valueThe significance of the study is the comparative analytical approach to studying the housing development and demonstrates a method for analysing safety issues in the transformation process of neighbourhood structures in Turkey.

Regional distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Turkey and evaluation of clinical findings: a multicenter study

Objectives: The single most inherited enzyme deficiency is that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) with a presence in almost 400 million of theworld’spopulation. Thenumber of reported G6PD mutations is 186. Furthermore, geographical location is a determining factor for the prevalence of G6PD. Therefore, much of the existing epidemiological literature concerning this issue in Turkey has reported data specific to cities and regions. The purpose of this study was to examine G6PD deficiency in a sample of subjects. Outcome measures reported in this study include the clinical factors as sociated with the deficiency, as well as in geographical dispersion across regional locations in Turkey. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 308 subjects with a G6PD diagnosis. Data collection commenced in January 2011, and was completed by May 2020. Results: In Turkey, the Mediterranean region has the greatest prevalence of G6PD enzyme deficiency. Subjects presenting with this deficiency were also diagnosed with haemolytic anaemia that was attributed to favism. Subsequently, drug and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia-induced haemolysis ensued. Over 90% of subjects diagnosed with a critical G6PD deficiency and recurrent haemolysis were allocated to the Class II variant. Conclusions: The Mediterranean, along with Agean and Marmara regions are where the highest prevalence of G6PD enzyme deficiency are observed. Favism-induced haemolytic anaemia is the most often identified clinical precursor to diagnosis of G6PD deficiency in Turkey. The most common clinical feature after this condition is drug related haemolysis and the onset neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Sosyal Hizmet Disiplininde Yaşlılık Konusu Üzerine Yazılmış Lisansüstü Tezlere Yönelik Bir Bibliyografik Analiz Çalışması

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de yaşlılık konularıyla ilgili yazılan tezleri; yayınlandığı yıl, uygulandığı bölge, ele aldığı bağlam konu, yöntem özellikleri, örneklem grupları bakımından incelemeyi ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan durumlar açısından tematik analiz yaparak eğilimlerinin hangi yönde olduğunu tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu’nun (YÖK) tez veri tabanı, “65 yaş üstü”, “yaşlılık”, “yaşlanma”, “sağlıklı yaşlanma” ve “yaşlanma tutumu” olmak üzere beş anahtar sözcük kapsamında, 1980-2020 yılları arasında sosyal hizmet alanında yazılmış yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri taranmıştır. Taranan tezler, Sözbilir, Kutu ve Yaşar (2012) tarafından geliştirilen “Makale Sınıflama Formu” kullanılarak tematik analize tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analiz sonucunda 41 yüksek lisans tezi ve 10 doktora tezi olmak üzere, toplamda 51 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmalarda en çok nicel araştırma desenlerinden tarama (survey) deseni kullanılırken, veri toplama aracı olarak anket, ölçek ve görüşme formlarının sıklıkla kullanıldığı; veri analiz yöntemleri arasında da en çok SPSS analizinin tercih edildiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre araştırma yöntemi açısından sıklıkla nicel çalışmaların tercih edildiği; yaşlılık ve bakımın en çok çalışılan araştırma alanı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Örneklem grubu olarak 65 yaş üstü bireylerin; örnekleme tekniği olarak da rastgele örneklem tekniğinin daha çok tercih edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Food safety, waste management, and sustainability issues in Turkey

Food safety, waste management, and sustainability issues in Turkey

Humour and sarcasm: expressions of global warming on Twitter

The increasing popularity of Twitter as a medium for sharing and debating scientific information brings forth questions about the type of narratives emerging around environmental/climate change and global warming. This article maps the landscape of narratives of how Twitter is used to communicate about environmental issues in Turkey. It displays how these actors can play a crucial role in constructing and/or de-constructing such crisis. I show how Twitter users in Turkey, use such medium to strengthen their own and the public’s awareness on global warming or to deny all together create a counter narrative and how certain frames that promote scepticism about environmental change are broadly disseminated by using certain emotional context. The analyses of the 1295 tweets collected using a random week sample displayed users who are sceptical about the Turkish government taking a more active stance toward climate change whereas the users supporting the government in general where more preoccupied with hoax arguments that in return may compromise trust in scientific authorities. The analysis combines thematic analysis of tweets and coding. I conclude the paper by conversing the significance of studying Twitter as a communicative platform that provides rich information displaying the existing dynamics.

Стан “курдського питання” та процес його врегулювання в сучасній Туреччині: новітні тренди в англомовному науковому дискурсі

The article analyzes the main trends presented in the English-language scientific discourse of the 2000’s – 2020’s on the Kurdish issue in modern Turkey and the policy of the Turkish government aimed at its resolving. There is an attempt to systematize a huge array of English-language studies devoted to the Kurdish issue, published from the late 1990’s to 2021, in several problem-thematic areas. It is substantiated that modern English-language scientific discourse on the Kurdish issue in Turkey is represented by studies of M. Gunter, D. McDowall, W. Wyndham, N. Berlatsky, F. Bilgin, A. Sarihan, M. Gurses, D. Romano, K. Mckiernan, L. Riamei, M. Rubin, G. Stansfield, and M. Shareef. The discursive space for this historiography is mainly determined by: 1) conducting researches on the history of the population of the South-Eastern provinces of Turkey, the genesis of the Kurdish issue and its geopolitical dimension; 2) studies of socio-political processes in the South-Eastern provinces of Turkey, primarily the relationships between the government and the population of the region; 3) studies of socio-anthropological, ethnic, gender, humanitarian aspects of life of the population of the South-Eastern provinces of Turkey; 4) studies of the “Turkish-Kurdish Peace Process” of 2010’s, associated with a whole-scale change in the relations between the government and the people of the South-Eastern provinces in the direction of a peaceful settlement of the Kurdish issue, in particular in the context of fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria related to Turkey’s European integration aspirations.

Content Analysis of Dissertations on Socio-Scientific Environmental Issues in Turkey

The present study analyzed the dissertations published at the teacher training level in Turkey, including the socio-scientific environmental issues, with descriptive content analysis. The "socio-scientific" was used as a keyword, and 118 dissertations published in the Council of Higher Education Thesis Center database until November 2021 were accessed. Sixty-six (not at the teacher training level) and twenty-nine (not including socio-scientific environmental issues) dissertations were excluded from the analysis. Twenty-three dissertations were analyzed based on the publication year, type (master/doctoral), participants, socio-scientific environmental issues used in the dissertation, and the methodology of the dissertation. Dissertations with experimental research methods were also examined in their learning approach and dependent variables. The results showed that dissertations whosetopic socio-scientific environmental issues at the teacher training level were published between 2008 and 2021, and the highest number of dissertations took place in 2014 and 2019. master and doctoral dissertations had a close percentage to each other. Nuclear power plants/nuclear energy were used as the most frequent socio-scientific environmental issue. The survey research design was preferred more than experimental research in the dissertations, and argumentation was used commonly as a learning approach. One unexpected result was the absence of a dissertation whose participants were preservice chemistry teachers. Preservice science teachers were mainly selected as participants in the issertations,there was no dissertation whose participants were pre-service chemistry teachers. Socio-scientific issues cover chemical topics. Interestingly however, no dissertation has been conducted on socio-scientific environmental issues related to chemistry at the level of preservice chemistry teachers.

Agenda-Setting for sustainable development on Twitter: actors, motivations, and issues in Turkey

ABSTRACT Twitter has emerged as an alternative way for actors in agenda-setting on specific issues, creating trending topics, and reaching decision-makers. This open digital environment causes rapidly-changing agendas as it welcomes all the actors and individuals. Thus, it becomes a complex agenda-setting process on Twitter for such a significant issue as sustainable development. This study carried out on the scope of Turkey conducts a content analysis on 3713 sustainable development-themed tweets to investigate the related actors, their motivations, and interactions while questioning how a more effective agenda on the issue can be set in this challenging process on Twitter.

Political Climate and the Headscarf Issue in Turkey: A Perspective from the Labor Market

This article focuses on the relationship between the socioeconomic rights of headscarved women and the political attitude of governments towards the headscarf in Turkey. Taking the 2013 removal of bans against the headscarf in the public sphere as the reference point, we attempt to provide a before-and-after comparison of the status of headscarved professionals in the Turkish labor market, based on factors in the political climate. While focusing mainly on the changing outlook in the public sector, we also examine the consequences of this liberalizing move on the private sector and explore the likely futures of the headscarf issue from a labor market perspective. Findings from the qualitative research reveal the strong influence political attitude has on the headscarf issue, as evident in the employment of headscarved women in white-collar occupations. We discovered that the political climate is still expected to be the key dynamic in Turkey that shapes the future for professionals wearing the headscarf, primarily through the channel of the state job market. This study contributes to the vast literature on women’s social and economic rights by addressing a decades-long, divisive issue that concerns a substantial segment of Turkish society.

A critical analysis of discourses on gender equality in education: the case of Turkey

ABSTRACT Despite national and international attempts to eliminate gender inequality in education, it remains a pressing issue in Turkey. Because gender equality is often shaped by and through discursive practices, the present study explores how educational policy and media discourses create gender inequalities in education. The critical discourse analysis examines 124 policy documents published by 12 governmental organizations and 252 newspaper clippings found in 14 different national newspapers published in Turkey over the last decade. Additionally, interviews were conducted with 13 teachers working at K-12 schools. Our analysis showed that while official statements support gender equality in education, contradictions underlying many educational policies continue to re/produce gender inequalities.

Soundscapes of the Nation: Silenced Others and Animal Languagesin Haw and Oko

Kemal Varol’s 2014 novel Haw is an account of the multiple facets of the war between the Turkish army, Kurdish guerrilla and other underground organizations during the 1990s in eastern Turkey, recounted by a dog. İdris Baluken’s Oko (2019) is the story of its eponymous dog protagonist Oko’s journey as he finds himself involved in a group fighting to prevent another dog massacre from happening again. By looking at two contemporary novels that address the Kurdish issue in Turkey from the perspective of dogs, this paper aims to explore the implications of the biopolitical reach of the sovereign state and its impact on the definition of citizenship. Taking this shared symbol as a point of departure, this paper investigates nation-building processes in Turkey and how the definition of citizenship is contingent on the voices and languages that are silenced. What is the relation between language and belonging? To what language does one belong? What possibilities of resistance does the language of the non-human animal contain in its encounter with the violence of the sovereign power?

Юбилей Ф. М. Достоевского на страницах турецкого литературного журнала «ХЕДЖЕ»

The article is an analytical review of the two-volume special issue of Turkey’s largest monthly literary journal “HECE” dedicated to the 200th anniversary of F. M. Dostoevsky. More than 80 scientists from Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Iran and America took part in the anniversary collective work. The problematic and thematic diversity of the prepared issue reflects relevance and enduring significance of the great Russian writer’s key ideas for the modern world. Works in the issue, emphasizing the depth and indissoluble unity of Dostoevsky’s moral and ethical concepts, and the artistic and aesthetic systems created by him, also convince readers of the inexhaustible potential inherent in the literary heritage of the brilliant thinker and artist. Studies of Dostoevsky’s novels, short stories and journalistic works, collected under the same cover of the journal, are considered in the context of the writer’s entire literary work and in connection with the main vectors of the world literary process. The publication brilliantly implementes the idea of the head of the “HECE” publishing company Mr Omer Faruk Ergezen, and is carried out with high professionalism of the editor, Professor of Ankara University Birsen Karaca.

Türkiye’nin farklı coğrafi bölgelerinden toplanan Tetranychus urticae popülasyonlarındaki gen akışı ve popülasyon yapıları

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a devastating agricultural pest that can feed on more than 1000 host plants. This extremely polyphagous nature of this pest may allow random disperse of them. Although population movement and structure are of vital importance to design area-wide pest control programs, there is no such study focusing on this issue in Turkey. The present study showed that there was no genetic subdivision among T. urticae the populations collected from four geographic regions of Turkey (FST=0.090, p>0.05), based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). In addition, the haplotype network supported these results since no clustering pattern was present. However, Black Sea populations had high genetic differentiation with other populations. This might be due to its isolated geography, different climate conditions, and limited sampling area. A high level of gene-flow between the Mediterranean and Aegean/Central Anatolian populations was determined. It is known that geography alone is not enough to explain population structure and genetic variation when excluding other ecological factors. Therefore, other factors such as current and historical climate data should be integrated to assess gene-flow in future studies.

Ontological (In)Security and the Kurdish Issue in Turkey: The Use of Security Discourse (1925‒1984)

How could one account for the discourse of security used by the Turkish state considering the Kurdish issue before 1984, when the terrorist attacks of the Partiya Karkaren Kurdistani (PKK) had not yet started, and hence there was no physical security threat against the state? This article aims to answer this question from the perspective of ontological (in)security. Based on Critical Discourse Analysis of state discourse, the article argues that the political, social and cultural traits of Kurdish identity created uncertainty in the Turkish self after the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925. Tribal/religious structures that were influential among Kurds and the expression of Kurdishness as a distinct identity disrupted the autobiographical narratives about Turkishness, hence generating ontological insecurity for the Turkish state. To overcome this problem, the state relied on security discourse and securitized the traits of Kurdish identity, by which it felt threatened. As a result of this securitization, the state was able to legitimize the extraordinary measures taken against Kurds, such as forced resettlements. Securitization, in this sense, regenerated ontological security for the state, because the extraordinary measures served to suppress the Kurdish identity that threatened the certainty and continuity of the Turkish self.

Legal Confıscatıon as a Property Rıght Issue in Turkey

Zoning plans are drawn and written texts prepared as a result of planning activities according to the characteristics of the region in order to meet the social, cultural, human and economic needs of a settlement and to show a safer and more regular development of the place. The property rights of individuals can be restricted by means of the plans prepared by the administration to create livable, orderly and modern living spaces. While the zoning plans are being prepared, the immovables allocated for public services should first be selected from public lands and if these immovables are not sufficient for the places to be allocated to the public service areas, the immovables subject to private property should be allocated to the public service and these areas should be expropriated by the administrations to be allocated on their behalf. The Zoning Law No. 3194 in Turkey is the basic regulation of the zoning law. In the Zoning Law, there is a regulation that the parcels allocated to public services in the zoning plans will be expropriated within five years. However, if the expropriation of the immovables is not completed within the time specified in the legal regulation, the owner who is deprived of his right to dispose of the immovable, is unfairly burdened with a heavy burden. The concept of "legal confiscation" emerges when the property right of the owner of the immovable is restricted for many years only by allocating privately owned immovables to public space in the zoning plans without any actual intervention by the administration. Since the administrations responsible for expropriation mostly avoid this obligation, the procedures established by the administration for planning constitute a disproportionate and unfair intervention in the property rights of the immovable owners. In this study, the definition of the concept of legal confiscation in Turkey, its elements, the remedies for ending the interference with the right to property will be explained, the procedures and principles to be considered during the judgement will be explained by giving examples from the judicial case-law and the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, and solution proposals will be presented.Keywords: Legal Confiscation; Construction Plan; Property; Contravention Tuntutan Hukum sebagai Permasalah Hak Properti di Turki Abstrak.Undang-undang Zonasi No. 3194 di Turki adalah peraturan dasar dari undang-undang zonasi. Dalam UU Zonasi, ada aturan bahwa persil yang dialokasikan untuk layanan publik dalam rencana zonasi akan diambil alih dalam waktu lima tahun. Akan tetapi, jika pengambilalihan barang-barang tidak bergerak itu tidak selesai dalam waktu yang ditentukan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, maka pemilik yang dirampas haknya untuk membuang barang-barang tidak bergerak itu, dibebani secara tidak adil dengan beban yang berat. Konsep "sita hukum" muncul ketika hak milik pemilik barang tidak bergerak dibatasi selama bertahun-tahun hanya dengan mengalokasikan barang-barang milik pribadi ke ruang publik dalam rencana zonasi tanpa intervensi nyata dari pemerintah. Karena sebagian besar administrasi yang bertanggung jawab atas pengambilalihan menghindari kewajiban ini, prosedur yang ditetapkan oleh administrasi untuk perencanaan merupakan intervensi yang tidak proporsional dan tidak adil dalam hak milik pemilik tak bergerak. Dalam penelitian ini akan dijelaskan pengertian dari konsep sita hukum di Turki, unsur-unsurnya, upaya penyelesaian untuk mengakhiri campur tangan terhadap hak milik akan dijelaskan, prosedur dan prinsip-prinsip yang harus dipertimbangkan selama penilaian akan dijelaskan dengan memberikan contoh-contoh dari kasus hukum peradilan dan keputusan Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Eropa, dan proposal solusi akan disajikan.Kata Kunci: Penyitaan Hukum; Rencana Pembangunan; Properti; Kontravensi Юридическая конфискация как проблема права собственности в Турции Абстрактный.Закон о зонировании № 3194 в Турции является основным постановлением закона о зонировании. В Законе о зонировании есть положение, согласно которому участки, выделенные для общественных услуг в планах зонирования, будут экспроприированы в течение пяти лет. Однако, если отчуждение недвижимой вещи не завершено в сроки, указанные в правовом регулировании, на собственника, лишенного права распоряжаться недвижимой вещью, несправедливо возлагается тяжелое бремя. Понятие «юридическая конфискация» возникает, когда право собственности владельца недвижимой вещи ограничивается в течение многих лет только путем отнесения частной недвижимой собственности к общественным местам в планах зонирования без какого-либо фактического вмешательства со стороны администрации. Поскольку администрации, ответственные за экспроприацию, в большинстве случаев избегают этого обязательства, процедуры, установленные администрацией для планирования, представляют собой несоразмерное и несправедливое вмешательство в имущественные права владельцев недвижимого имущества. В этом исследовании будет объяснено определение концепции правовой конфискации в Турции, ее элементы, средства правовой защиты для прекращения вмешательства в право собственности, а также будут объяснены процедуры и принципы, которые должны быть рассмотрены в ходе судебного решения, с помощью примеров из будет представлена судебная практика и решения Европейского суда по правам человека, а также предложения по их решениям.Ключевые слова: Конфискация; План Строительства; Собственность; Правонарушение

Teachers’ Views on the Use of Mobile Phones in Schools

Mobile phones are the most popular and widely used mobile devices in the world. Besides providing users with different communication facilities (SMS messages, voice or video calls, social media etc.), they can also be used as a powerful tool for teaching and learning. Despite this popularity and widespread, the use of mobile phones in schools is the most controversial issue in Turkey, as well as all over the world. This study was aimed to determine the views of ICT teachers on students’ use of mobile phone in schools. The survey research was used in this study. Data were collected from 424 teachers working at secondary schools, high schools and vocational/technical high schools in Turkey. The results of the research revealed that mobile phones have become an indispensable tool for teachers to both access information and communicate in their professional and personal lives. On the other hand, it was determined that ICT teachers lean towards bans or restrictions on the use of mobile phones by students at school due to pedagogical concerns. We also found that teachers have different views about whether mobile phones are a need for students or not, although mobile phones are an important means for communication and gaining information in their lives. The results of the research showed that education and guidance activities for effective use of mobile phones are not carried out in most of the schools.

Economic viability of industrial hemp production in Turkey

Recent developments in industrial hemp sector have resulted in several differentiations in production, marketing, logistic and consumption pattern of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Therefore, the study examined the economic viability of industrial hemp production in Turkey. Research data were collected from industrial hemp producers by using structured questionnaire and from Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and other stakeholders such as merchants, retailer, and e-marketing platform through semi structured interview. Efficiency measures generated by data envelopment analysis (DEA), strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis and profitability measures were used to explore economic viability of industrial hemp production. Research findings showed that hemp stalk production cost per kilogram of only hemp fiber growing and dual-purpose growing were US $0.29/kg and US $0.41/kg, respectively. Dual-purpose growing model had the highest net revenue per hectare. Industrial hemp had the competitive advantage over fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), while reverse was the case for cotton fiber and seed production (Gossypium sp.). Based on the findings of efficiency analysis, the mean economic, allocative, and technical efficiencies were 0.77, 0.92, and 0.84, respectively. Productive efficiency level of dual-purpose growing was higher comparing with other growing models. Research findings also showed that farm level hemp production and processing hemp by modern technology was economically viable, while the viability of processing hemp by conventional technology was not profitable in Turkey. The results of SWOT analysis revealed that lacking data, problems related mechanism of hemp markets, hemp value chain, production, lacking research and development (R&D), and legislation problems were main issues in Turkey. The study suggests encouraging the R&D activities and investments in hemp breeding and genetics, and developing processing facility of hemp farms to produce fiber and seed-based product. Producing hemp with appropriate cropping system and increasing technical knowledge of hemp farmers, especially on sex determination may positively affect the economic viability of hemp production.

Who Owns the Dead? Legal and Professional Challenges Facing Human Remains Management in Turkey

The management of archaeological human remains poses numerous ethical and practical challenges for archaeologists and museum personnel throughout the world. While several countries have developed extensive legislation and guidelines to ensure best practice, Turkey has no specific laws concerning the management of archaeological human remains. The current heritage legislation defines all archaeological materials, including human remains, as state property, a position which makes engagement with stakeholders seeking shared ownership or repatriation of these remains problematic. In the absence of adequate legislation and professional guidelines, a wide range of ad hoc practices have developed among professionals whose dominance in decision-making processes leaves little room for inclusive museum management practices, such as stakeholder consultation, co-curation, the insurance of equal access to museums, and the promotion of human rights. Through a series of interviews with archaeologists and museum professionals, an online visitor survey with 780 participants, and on-site observations in four museums in Turkey, this article examines the existing management practices concerning archaeological human remains and sheds light on various professional biases that have discouraged effective community engagement with this issue in Turkey. This article is intended as a catalyst for further discussion about a topic which has been largely ignored in Turkey by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMoCT), museum personnel, and archaeologists.

Teacher candidates’ satisfaction with massive open online courses in Turkey

Adult education, especially teacher education, is one of the most important issues in Turkey in order to increase the quality of education and to keep up with the countries which aim to become one of the most competitive and knowledge-based economy in the world. Therefore, most of the universities started to improve their distance learning provisions by using massive open online courses (MOOCs). The purpose of this study is to understand teacher candidates’ opinions on MOOCs and their satisfaction with MOOCs. A mixed method including qualitative and quantitative approaches was used in this study. Results show that the MOOCs have a positive effect on teacher candidates’ personal development and learning life; therefore, they are satisfied with the MOOCs. Only the satisfaction level in learner–instructor interaction is lower in asynchronous courses. As adult learners, they wanted to be more active in MOOCs. These findings improve the understanding of MOOC’s learning satisfaction and contribute to design and develop better MOOCs according to learners’ needs and demands. Keywords: adult education, teacher education, distance education

Women's perceptions on peace and justice: The case of the Kurdish issue in Turkey

The lack of resolution of the Kurdish issue in Turkey has been a major source of grievance affecting the lives of many, particularly women. Research shows that conflict has gender-specific effects. Considering the particular ways in which women are impacted by long-term political tensions which also involve armed conflict, their standpoint seems highly valuable to corroborate the urgency of a democratic and peaceful resolution of this issue. Based on in-depth interviews with the representatives of civil society organizations, initiatives and women's organizations, the article explores women's perceptions of peace and justice, and it investigates their possible contribution towards a peaceful resolution of the Kurdish issue. We argue that the intersectionally diverse standpoint(s) of women, due to the particular gendered effects of conflict on their everyday lives, living conditions, bodily integrity and affective relationships, greatly contributes to an adequate conceptualization of peace and justice and the relation between them.