Issue Framing Research Articles

“What We Say Is What You See”: Portrayal by Christian Faith-Based Organizations of Female Survivors of Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking in Cambodia

ABSTRACT The representation of trafficking survivors in marketing, research, and other materials can have a significant impact on the stigma placed on survivors and the services they receive. This study explores the representation of trafficking for sexual exploitation by several Christian Faith-based Organizations (CFBOs) in Cambodia. Major sources of information included interviews with Christian Faith-based Organization (CFBO) leaders and staff, and a review of publicly available secondary resources (aid agency websites, reports, advertisements, and other documents). This research examines how these organizations define their beneficiaries and communicate to their supporters using concepts, words, and images rooted in the agency’s particular perspective on Christianity. The paper explores CFBO discourse in that it includes the influence of CFBO metaphors and rhetoric on their framing of trafficking and exploitation issues and responses to it, and the impact of those portrayals on how their beneficiaries are viewed by their local communities both within the wider Cambodian context as well as internationally. Results revealed a sharp contrast between how trafficking survivors define themselves (i.e., how they make sense of their own lives in relation to trafficking and sexual exploitation) and how they are defined by society, their families, and CFBOs in relation to being trafficked and in the context of receiving CFBO assistance.

Applying a Multi-Sectoral Approach for Programming of Health Interventions: Comparative Analysis of Nutrition and Tobacco Control Amongst Adolescents in Pakistan

Adolescent health is being increasingly featured in global policy discourse on sustainable development. Despite global calls for more joined up working across relevant sectors, there is less known on how to effectively co-opt other sectors for programming of globally recommended adolescent health measures. This paper aimed to assess multisector programming of nutrition versus tobacco control interventions for adolescents in Pakistan from a political economy lens. Both nutrition programming and tobacco control rely on multi-sectoral programming and are one of the foremost areas for adolescent health needs in Pakistan. Data was drawn from 84 key informant interviews across government stakeholders, development partners, civil society organizations, experts and youth groups, review of policy and programming resources and published literature. The study scope was confined to exploring the pathway of programming and early implementation does not extend to evaluation of implementations. Existing frameworks of multi-sector governance were adapted and progress was assessed against i) issue framing, ii) stakeholder coalitions, iii) resourcing and iv) coordination platforms, to understand challenges and opportunities for an effective multi-sector response. Our analysis found important commonalities as well as differences across both nutrition and tobacco control programming in Pakistan. First, adolescents had a weak constituency within nutrition efforts confined to under-nutrition interventions for reproductive health and a gendered nuancing overlooking needs of boys but have featured historically in national Tobacco control frameworks. Second, lack of framing of social-behavioural perspectives in national response was commonly seen for both adolescent Nutrition as well as Tobacco Control constraining coalitions with new stakeholder groups such as youth initiatives, local government, sports, education, and entertainment that are necessary for lifestyle changes in adolescents. Third, Nutrition had opportune multi-sector platforms of the SUN networks available for programming whereas Tobacco Control situated within the health ministry struggled with mandate to steer multi-sector programming and unlock resources held by other sectors. Fourth, we found that horizontal coordination across sectors itself requires dedicated resourcing and capacity which was overlooked. The Pakistan case study adds to contextual insights on success and failure of multisector governance for nutrition providing an analytical contrast with a similar multi-sector issue of tobacco control. We conclude that the process of how multi-sector programming for adolescent nutrition is brought about within countries is equally important as the prescriptive content of globally advocated interventions. We also identified key elements of a pathway to more effective programming that include attention to i) inclusive framing for its domino effect on coalition building, ii) ensuring diversity within core coalitions; iii) an organisational home outside the health sector for programming across sectors; iv) dedicated resourcing for impactful coordination and oversight of multi-sector programming.

The Power of Language: Exploring the Role of Language in Politics

The relationship between language and politics is intricate and multifaceted. Language is not just a means of communication but also plays a crucial role in politics and diplomacy. Language is a powerful tool for persuasion and manipulation in politics and a tool in political discourse. This study aimed at gaining a more in-depth understanding of the role of language in politics and international relations. It also aimed at identifying, describing, and explaining the linguistic features found in the speech of politicians. The researcher used the qualitative research approach in the study, notably; secondary data were used for collecting reliable conclusions for the research. The findings suggested that language is a powerful tool in politics, used to shape public opinion, frame issues, and create political identities. In diplomacy, careful and formal language helps countries communicate and resolve conflicts. Globally, language connects different cultures, with English often being the common language used in international relations as the linqua-franca. Politicians use emotional language in speeches to connect with people and gain support. Key features of political language include rhetorical devices, metaphors, metonymy, pronouns, presuppositions, repetition of words and stylistic devices were used. These tools help create persuasive messages that influence how people think and act. Understanding the role of language in politics shows its impact on diplomacy, international communication, and the power of political speeches.

Indigenous Relational Methodologies and Archives

Indigenous Relational Methodologies and Archives

ANALYSIS OF AN ACADEMIC PAPER: Words Matter: The Importance of Issue Framing and the Case of Affordable Housing.

ANALYSIS OF AN ACADEMIC PAPER: Words Matter: The Importance of Issue Framing and the Case of Affordable Housing.

마이스터고 정책의 제도적 변화 분석: 역사적 제도주의 관점을 중심으로

This study analyzed the trajectory of policy change in Meister High School from a historical institutionalism perspective. Through this analysis, the causes for the continuity of Meister High School policy as part of the secondary vocational education system, regardless of changes in government, and the internal catalysts for change were examined from a historical perspective.
 The key findings of the study, summarized using the perspective of historical institutionalism and commonly used terms in this discourse, are as follows. First, the Meister High School policy emerged by highlighting the differentiation point of "Meister" while maintaining existing elements of the secondary vocational education system. Second, the Meister High School policy relied on the performance indicator of employment rates during the preparatory and implementation stages, forming path dependence. Various pre-existing policy elements combined institutionally to form a layering effect in the path formation. Third, the policy drifted due to unintended consequences such as negative public discourse on fair access for youth, negative perceptions of employment upon high school graduation, and issues related to early employment and working conditions, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on industries and educational settings.
 In summary, the Meister High School policy is undergoing a gradual transformation, and has the uniqueness of attempting issue framing by the same minister in different periods of government. As an actor, the Minister of Education sought to dominate and frame the agenda of vocational education, but the influence varied depending on the timing and context in which the policy was situated. Based on the research findings, implications for the Meister High School policy are derived, and suggestions for the institutional aspects of the development of Meister High School are provided.

Non-minimal unimodular inflation

We study an extension of the unimodular cosmological inflation in the context of the non-minimal coupling of a generic scalar field with gravitational sector. We consider the non-minimal coupling of the scalar field and gravity as the only source of energy–momentum tensor in this setup. Without introducing new particles other than those already existing in electroweak theory, the generic scalar field’s non-minimal coupling is responsible for the generation of the seeds of perturbations for structure formation and the observed Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies in this scenario. We calculate inflation parameters in both the Jordan and Einstein frames, and then we study primordial spectral indices for slow-roll parameters in Einstein’s frame at the first and second orders. The numerical results of this model are consistent with the Planck2018 and BICEP/Keck joint data sets in some subspaces of the model parameters space. By considering a sufficient amount of inflation, we estimate the strength of the non-minimal coupling parameter, ξ, to find appropriate new constraints on the values of this parameter. By comparing the numerical values of the inflation observables in two frames and also with observation, we comment on the issue of frames in this framework.

International bureaucrats’ attitudes toward global climate adaptation

The 2015 Paris Agreement has fueled debates about how the international bureaucrats driving international organizations’ engagement with climate adaptation ought to address adaptation challenges. While previous research has predominantly focused on the structural constraints in adaptation governance, this paper develops a distinct argument about the cognitive frames through which international bureaucrats view climate risks. The evidence comes from a survey among bureaucrats in three organizations that have engaged with adaptation to different extents: United Nations Environment, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the World Health Organization. The results suggest that the majority of the surveyed bureaucrats view climate risks as a multidimensional problem. The evidence indicates that bureaucrats are more likely to view climate risks through multiple than through single issue frames, the more certain they perceive the knowledge about climate impacts in their issue area to be. By way of conclusion, the paper sketches broader implications for adaptation and international bureaucracy research.

How Does It Look from Where You Are? A Visual Media Framing Analysis of the 2022 War in Ukraine

In this study, the authors analyzed how U.S., UK, Russian, and Ukrainian media visually framed the 2022 Russian war in Ukraine. Prior research emphasized the importance of studying media framing of conflict issues due to the potential impact on public perception and apportioning of responsibility of the parties involved. In particular, media images have been shown to be critical elements in the media framing process, but have been studied less often than textual content. A content analysis was conducted on a sample of news articles published during the first year of the war from The Guardian, The New York Times, Lenta.ru, and Ukrainska Pravda focused on denotative and connotative visual framing frameworks. Four major frames were identified: geographic location, dominant subjects/objects, patriotism, and human suffering. Quantitative analysis suggests significant differences in the visual frames adopted by Western media, Russian, and Ukrainian media. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Elements of the Functioning of the Universal vs. Relative Concept Antinomy in Translation

Recent research in the field of translation studies frequently frames issues related to the choice of translation strategies determined by several factors of an objective and subjective nature. Among the subjective factors of particular importance is the cognitive one, i.e., cultural, encyclopedic, and linguistic personality of the translator, since it is the translator who ensures the quality of intercultural communication and the degree of pragmatic, semantic and communicative transfer of the message from the original into the translation. At the heart of the researched topic is an attempt to examine, in a concrete pragmatic context, an antinomy that influences the choice of the translation strategy. This is the binomial constituted by the concepts of universal vs. relative and how they motivate the choice of the translation algorithm, especially of a literary text. The theoretical framework of the problem addressed is represented by the views Professor Eugeniu Coșeriu has about language, and about particular languages in a re-evaluation adapted to the translation process. A special value in this process is given to the primary universals of creativity, semanticity, otherness as well as to the secondary universals - historicity and materiality which are seen in the light of literary translation of languages belonging to different language families - Romance, Germanic, Slavic. In conclusion, we try to argue that there is no need, but it is rather beneficial to avoid categorical separation of conceptual and translation approaches, either from the perspective of universalism or relativism. The choice of translation strategy is always flexible, it is adapted to the concrete translation situation, to the national culture and to the rules and norms of functionality of concrete languages.

Framing Deforestation Discourse in Tanzanian Media: An Analysis of Framing Strategies in Daily News and the Guardian Newspapers

This research delves into the framing of deforestation issues within Tanzania's Daily News and The Guardian newspapers, focusing on political framing, responsibility, environment, and human impact framing. The study centred on a content analysis of deforestation-related articles in these national newspapers, treating the Daily News and The Guardian in Tanzania as a case study. Findings reveal an average coverage of 1.7 deforestation stories per day across both newspapers. Notably, the articles exhibited a predominant political framing, constituting 57% of the content. Despite this emphasis on political perspectives, the study underscores the significance of framing deforestation issues within Tanzanian newspapers and suggests that future research should explore additional newspapers to enrich our understanding of this critical subject.

Forming a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime – European intersectoral coordination in education and employment

ABSTRACT While European governance of individual policy sectors has received considerable academic scrutiny, less attention has been paid to the development of intersectoral coordination. This paper charts the emergence of a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime (BSPR) in education and employment in Europe. By looking at issues, ideas, interests and institutions, we gain a deeper understanding of the conditions for the emergence and further institutionalisation of European intersectoral coordination in education and employment from the 1990s onwards. The study relies on semi-structured interviews with European policy-makers in education and employment and EU policy documents. We analyse how endogenous and exogenous factors frame (policy) issues that contribute to the emergence and further strengthening of intersectoral coordination, the extent to which ideas for European education and employment stress intersectoral policy designs, how interests support or hinder intersectoral work, and which institutions are developed with an intersectoral reasoning. We find that endogenous forces (rather than exogenous ones) played a significant role in the emergence of a European BSPR in education and employment. Structural aspects and policy instruments (institutions), alongside ideas and interests, then contribute to the institutionalisation of the European BSPR in education and employment.

The European Sectoral Social Dialogue in Education and the strengthening of the European Union’s policy regime in education and employment

ABSTRACT This paper traces the development of the European Sectoral Social Dialogue in Education since its launch in 2010 and situates it within the context of European Union (EU) governance. The paper adopts a public policy perspective and Ashley Jochim and Peter May’s framework for analysing boundary-spanning policy regimes. Based on critical discourse analysis of social dialogue documents and interviews, we argue that the European Sectoral Social Dialogue in Education, as a distinctive institution, has been profoundly shaped by EU’s boundary-spanning policy regime of education and employment and at the same time has contributed to its reinforcement. In particular, we demonstrate that the sectoral social dialogue committee since its creation has been embedded in wider institutional arrangements, that it seeks to mobilise education employers and workers on a large scale across Europe, and that it aligns with central issue framings and ideas of EU’s boundary-spanning policy regime of education and employment. Thereby, the paper contributes to understanding how institutions, by mobilising interests and channelling attention towards specific issues and ideas, play a central role in structuring and legitimising contemporary EU governance.

Media Representations of Healthcare Robotics in Norway 2000-2020: A Topic Modeling Approach

Robots are projected to affect healthcare services in significant, but unpredictable, ways. Many believe robots will add value to future healthcare, but their arrival has triggered controversy. Debates revolve around how robotics will impact healthcare provision, their effects on the future of labor and caregiver–patient relationships, and ethical dilemmas associated with autonomous machines. This study investigates media representations of healthcare robotics in Norway over a twenty-year period, using a mixed-methods design. Media representations affect public opinion in multiple ways. By assembling and presenting information through stories, they not only set the agenda by broadcasting values, experiences, and expectations about new technologies, but also frame and prime specific understandings of issues. First, we employ an inductive text-mining approach known as “topic modeling,” a computational method for eliciting abstract semantic structures from large text corpora. Using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization, we implement a topic model of manifest content from 752 articles, published in Norwegian print media between 1.1.2000 and 2.10.2020, sampled from a comprehensive database for news media (Atekst, Retriever). We complement this computational lens with a more fine-grained, qualitative analysis of content in exemplary texts sampled from each topic. Here, we identify prominent “frames,” discursive cues for interpreting how various stakeholders talk about healthcare robotics as a contested domain of policy and practice in a comprehensive welfare state. We also highlight some benefits of this approach for analyzing media discourse and stakeholder perspectives on controversial technologies.

Architecture is Interface: Latent Virtuality from Antiquity to Zoom

AbstractArchitectural educators Joshua Bard and Francesca Torello embrace numerous digital technologies to subvert issues of scale, framing, materiality, inside and outside to provoke viewers into contemplating the current nature of architecture and its discourse. Their inspiration is Sir John Soane's Museum in London, which is a multilayered conversation between objects and their interrelationships with themselves and their settings.

Climate change, costs, or jobs: How policymakers frame state clean energy laws

Renewable portfolio standard (RPS) laws are among the most important climate change policies, requiring a minimum percentage of electricity from clean energy sources. From 2015–2022 in the U.S., eleven states enacted 100 % RPS laws and seven others strengthened their targets. This study examines the issue framing behind these recent RPS laws, which reflects and affects the political context surrounding the policies, people's views, and support among stakeholders. Through coding of policy documents, the study evaluates how policymakers have framed the policies, differences in framing between states with 100 % and non-100 % RPS targets, and variation in framing connected with political party and partisan votes. Surprisingly, given recommendations in the literature to downplay climate issues and emphasize economics, lawmakers predominantly framed 100 % clean energy laws based on climate change. Policymakers that adopted non-100 % RPS laws utilized less climate framing and garnered more Republican Party legislator votes. The results indicate a distinction in framing between more modest and ambitious climate policies, raising a question about the applicability of recommendations urging minimization of climate messaging to transformative climate and clean energy policy efforts. Depending on political conditions, climate framing may be effective for ambitious energy approaches.

Framing ecological issues in local political contestations as part of political communication in the 2018 regional election

This paper discusses the practice of political communication carried out by regional head candidates in the City of Kediri in the 2018 local elections in East Java. This paper focuses on conducting in-depth tracking of the framing of ecological issues in campaign practices carried out by regional head candidates in the 2018 local elections. This study aims to gain an understanding and knowledge related to the political communication practices of regional head candidates in responding to ecological issues in political contestation locally in East Java. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach that focuses on collecting data through interviews and documentation related to the political communication strategies of the 2018 Kediri mayoral candidates in communicating ecological issues to the public. The study results show that the political communication practices carried out by candidates in the 2018 regional elections have yet to make ecological issues a critical public issue. This is reflected in the campaign's content, which still focuses on socio-economic issues that prioritize aspects of infrastructure development for the community, not directing environmental conservation practices to support sustainable development.

Examining the Ethics of Spying: A Practitioner’s View

This paper examines from the point of view of an intelligence practicioner the utility of the philosophical method that Professor Cecile Fabre has applied to intelligence ethics. Her emphasis on the duty that lies on governments to be sufficiently well informed about those who pose a real risk of serious violations of fundamental human rights is seen as a valuable addition to discourse on the ethics of intelligence activity. The just war tradition is put forward as an alternative framing of key ethical issues that can be translated into a practical code for intelligence officers that can be adapted to changing levels of threat in a way that is difficult to derive from a timeless philosophical analysis.

The Effect of Reading Intensity on Perception of SARA Issues Frame News Tolikara Papua on July 17, 2015

This study aims to explain the effect of the intensity of reading news at metrotvnews.com on the attitude of the reader, to clarify the attitude of the reader toward reader perception about the news of Tolikara, Papua 17 Juli 2015. One of the factors that influence the credibility of the media is the intensity of journalists in reporting news. The effect of uncertainty of the news will make ambiguity of public perception. Data were obtained from 100 populations, using the nonprobability sampling technique model of purposive sampling. The results showed that the intensity of reading news on Metrotvnews.com had an effect of 0.327 or 32.7% on reader attitudes. The reader's perspective affects the reader's perception of the Tolikara news frame by 0.546 or 54.6%. Readers' attitudes modulate the impact of news intensity on readers' perceptions by 0.375, or 37.5%. This study concludes that cyber media still have an impact on agenda setting against the reader. Proved there is a significant relationship between the intensity of reading news and reader attitude to reader perception, it can be said that the longer individuals are exposed to an issue, so people will be affected by the agenda setting. Therefore, the media in covering the news must be impartial (covering both sides) and the principle of neutrality in the preparation of news.

Till: using human rights education to examine citizenship and civil rights

PurposeThis practitioner article uses human rights education (HRE) to frame issues of social justice, particularly anti-Black racism, depicted in the film Till. Teachers cognizant of the need to address racism in American history often struggle to find resources that are accessible and meaningful for their students (Howard and Navarro, 2017; Vickery and Rodriguez, 2022). Furthermore, the use of film in social studies instruction can be an engaging way for students to develop conceptual knowledge and grapple with sensitive issues in history education (Stoddard, 2012).Design/methodology/approachTill (2022) is a powerful film that teachers can use to pursue anti-racist goals in their classrooms, and HRE provides an approach to analyze a horrible manifestation of racism in American history as well as frame larger systems of injustice. By using widely accepted standards of human dignity, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, teachers can address dimensions of oppression and inequality with a more “neutral” or objective approach.FindingsGiven the current political climate that instills fear in educators who teach about racism, HRE can empower social studies teachers to engage students in analysis of a dominant force in American life.Originality/valueThe lesson plan offered in this article includes a film viewing guide, enrichment opportunities and an activity that connects themes in Till and the Civil Rights Movement to human rights concepts.