Isoprenaline-induced Myocardial Infarction In Rats Research Articles

Cardioprotective effect of Tofisopam against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats via modulation of NLRP3\\IL-1β\\caspase-1 pathway

Purpose Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ischemic heart diseases, particularly acute myocardial infarction (MI), represent the most common cause of death. MI is influenced by multiple factors, including the release of inflammatory mediators. A significant percentage of individuals with CVD experience psychological effects, such as anxiety and depression, which are linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Certain anti-anxiety medications have demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Tofisopam, a 2,3-benzodiazepine with anxiolytic properties, has been shown to exert in vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The present study investigates the potential of tofisopam as a protective adjuvant against isoprenaline-induced MI in rats and explores the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: The study included four groups: a control group, a group pretreated with tofisopam, an isoprenaline toxic group, and an isoprenaline toxic group pretreated with tofisopam. Results: The findings demonstrated that isoprenaline significantly increased cardiac enzyme levels, as well as elevated oxidative and inflammatory stress parameters, along with evident apoptosis in cardiac cells. In contrast, the tofisopam-pretreated group showed a significant reversal of the cardiac damage induced by isoprenaline. Conclusions: Tofisopam protects against isoprenaline-induced MI through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Cardioprotective effect of Sanguisorba minor against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Introduction: Oxidative stress is a major instigator of various cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). Despite available drugs, there is still an increased need to look for alternative therapies or identify new bioactive compounds. Sanguisorba minor (S. minor) is a native herb characterized by its potent antioxidant activity. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of S. minor against isoprenaline-induced MI. Methods: Rats were treated with the hydro-ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of S. minor at doses of 100 or 300mg/kg orally for 9 days. Isoprenaline was injected subcutaneously at the dose of 85mg/kg on days 8 and 9. Then, the activities of various cardiac injury markers including cardiac troponin (cTnT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase muscle brain (CK-MB), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), and antioxidant enzymes in serum were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol content were measured in cardiac tissue, and histopathological analysis was conducted. Results: Our results show that isoprenaline increased the serum levels of cTnT, LDH, CK-MB, and CPK (p < 0.001) and elevated MDA levels (p < 0.001) in cardiac tissue. Isoprenaline also reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and thiol content (p < 0.001). Importantly, the extract abolished isoprenaline-induced MI by elevating SOD and catalase (p < 0.001), reducing levels of MDA, and diminishing levels of cTnT, LDH, CK-MB, and CPK cardiac markers (p < 0.001). Histopathological studies of the cardiac tissue showed isoprenaline-induced injury that was significantly attenuated by the extract. Conclusion: Our results suggest that S. minor could abrogate isoprenaline-induced cardiac toxicity due to its ability to mitigate oxidative stress.

Cardioprotective potential of Lavandula stoechas against isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in rats

This study assessed Lavandula stoechas flower extract's impact on Isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Five groups of five rats each were used. Group I received 1 ​ml/kg normal saline orally for 13 days, Group II received 10 ​ml/kg normal saline orally, Group III received 200 ​mg/kg Lavandula stoechas extract orally, Group IV received 400 ​mg/kg Lavandula stoechas extract orally, and Group V received 10 ​mg/kg Metoprolol orally. On days 14 and 15, Group I received 0.5 ​ml/kg subcutaneous normal saline, and Groups II to V received 85 ​mg/kg Isoprenaline subcutaneously. On day 16, rats were weighed, and cardiac blood samples were collected. Serum was analyzed for total protein, triglycerides, and cardiac enzymes (cardiac injury markers). Rats were sacrificed, and heart tissues were histologically examined.Results showed significant serum marker enzyme reductions (p ​< ​0.01) in Lavandula stoechas-treated rats. Total protein and triglyceride levels (p ​< ​0.01) decreased, and heart weight-to-body weight ratio (p ​< ​0.05) decreased in Lavandula stoechas-treated rats. Histopathology confirmed the extract's protective effect.In conclusion, Lavandula stoechas flower extract offers protection against Isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Enhancements of Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2 activities by antioxidant mechanisms confer cardioprotection on Ginkgo biloba supplement against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats

BackgroundMyocyte necrosis and apoptosis can be severely induced by acute adrenergic stimulation due to the activation of several cell signalling pathways. However, uncertainty exists regarding the potential cardioprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba (GBS), a Chinese herbal supplement rich with antioxidants, on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. Therefore, this work was designed to investigate the cardioprotective mechanisms of GBS on ISO-induced myocardial infarction. MethodsAnimals were selected into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were pre-treated with normal saline (10 mL/kg i.p) for 28 days. Groups 3 and 4 received GBS (50 mg/kg, i.p) for 28 days. However, groups 2 and 4 were administered ISO (150 mg/kg, s.c) on days 27 and 28 respectively. Following the end of 28-day experiment, animals were euthanised and serum as well as heart tissue were harvested and processed for biochemical and histological examinations. ResultsOur results showed that ISO induced cardiac necrosis, evidenced by increased levels of cardiac injury enzymes (LDH, GGT, CK-MB and cT-1), oxidative stress markers such as GSH, SOD, and CAT levels were significantly reduced while MDA and nitrite concntration were significantly increased. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were significantly increased while decreasing Bcl-2, mTOR and ERK1/2 cardiac immuno-expressions. Moreso, histological investigation revealed degeneration of cardiomyofibres together with patchy necrosis. However, pre-treatment with GBS significantly inhibited apoptotic processes evidenced by increased antioxidant-mediated activation of Bcl-2, mTOR and ERK1/2. GBS also suppressed the release of cardiac injury enzymes and histological changes were significantly improved. ConclusionGBS protects myocardium against ISO-induced infarction by mechanisms related to antioxidant-mediated by enhancement of Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2 activities.

Protective effects ofLacticaseibacillus rhamnosuson isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats

Myocardial infarction (MI) is among the main public health problems in the world. This atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which seriously endangers human health, progresses to cause heart failure and myocardial fibrosis with a poor prognosis. The gut microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, including obesity and ASCVD. In this study, the protective effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced MI in rats was investigated. Rats were divided into four groups of seven rats in each group as control, ISO, L. rhamnosus, and ISO+L. rhamnosus.The ISO application was made by subcutaneous injection to the rats on the last two days (days 27th and 28th) of the 28-day substance administration. The rats were anesthetized 24 hours after the application of ISO, and blood samples were collected after electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. To determine myocardial damage and protective effects of L. rhamnosus, serum creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin-I, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were examined. In addition, ECG recordings were evaluated. While L. rhamnosus had a decreasing effect on cardiac troponin-I, creatine kinase-MB, CRP, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, which increased due to ISO, it had an increasing effect on interleukin-10 levels. Similarly, it decreased the ST-segment elevation caused by ISO while increasing the reduced R wave amplitude.

Cardioprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Amaranthus cruentus in Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Objectives: The present study is focused to evaluate cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus cruentus. Methods: Amaranthus cruentus extract (Dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) in isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats. The ethanolic extract of Amaranthus cruentus was prepared and subjected to acute toxicity in albino rats. The extract was given orallyat two different doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/. Isoprenaline was administered subcutaneously (85mg/kg s.c.). Results: The histopathological examination revealed mild infarction and inflammation in isoprenaline treated rats. The ethanolic extract of Amaranthus cruentus showed significant cardio protective effect by decreasing the serum level of LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels. The biochemical parameters (AST, ALT and ALP) and HDL cholesterol levels were restored. Conclusion: The outcome of the present study suggested cardioprotective activity of Amaranthus cruentus extract.

EFFECTS OF ROSUVASTATIN IN EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED CARDIAC ISCHEMIA AND ON AORTIC VASCULAR REACTIVITY.

Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major public health problem in the world. The present study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of different doses of rosuvastatin and cilostazol, as well as their combination on isoprenaline-induced MI in rats as well as their effects on isolated aorta. Methods: I- Adult rats received different doses of rosuvastatin (1,2,5,10, & 20mg/kg), cilostazol (18mg/kg) and combination of rosuvastatin 1mg/kg and cilostazol 18mg/kg by oral gavage daily for 16 days, then rats were subcutaneously injected with two doses 24-h apart of 150mg/kg isoprenaline in the last two days. ECG pattern was monitored, myocardial injury markers (CK-MB and LDH) and inflammatory biomarker (CRP) were measured in serum. MDA, catalase and SOD were quantified in cardiac homogenates and heart tissue damage was examined by histopathology. II- Effects of rosuvastatin (0.2 µg/ml – 6.4 µg/ml), cilostazol (7.5 µg/ml – 480 µg/ml) and combination cilostazol (30 µg/ml) and rosuvastatin (0.2 µg/ml – 6.4 µg/ml) on NE-induced contraction in rabbit aortic strip were recorded. Each dose of either rosuvastatin or cilostazol were incubated for 10 min and 15min respectively then NE (0.5 µg/ml) was added and the contraction was recorded for one and half min. Results: I- Pretreatment with different doses of rosuvastatin (1,2,5 & 10), cilostazol 18mg/kg and the combination markedly ameliorated ISO-induced alterations in ECG, cardiac markers, inflammatory marker, oxidative markers and heart architecture. However, protection disappeared at higher dose of rosuvastatin 20mg/kg. II- Addition of either rosuvastatin (0.2-6.4 µg/ml), cilostazol (7.5-480µg/ml) or combination rosuvastatin (0.2-6.4 µg/ml) and cilostazol 30µg/ml produced a significant decrease in the height of NE-induced contraction in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: I-This study provides evidence that rosuvastatin, cilostazol and their combination possess cardioprotective effect on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction. II- The drugs had vasorelaxant effect on aorta. Mechanism of drug action are discussed.

Effect of vitamin D on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats: possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.

Infarct-like lesion induced by isoprenaline is a well-known model to study myocardial infarction (MI). Vitamin D has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Recent studies highlighted cross talk between vitamin D and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of pretreatment with vitamin D on the isoprenaline-induced infarct-like lesion in rats and the role of PPAR-γ as a novel mechanism in vitamin-D-mediated cardioprotective effect. Markers chosen to assess cardiac damage included serum level of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Cardiac contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) were also assessed. Furthermore, ECG monitoring and measurement of injury extension were carried out. Isoprenaline increased the level of cardiac enzymes, as well as inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. In addition, it produced ST-segment elevation. Pretreatment with vitamin D significantly improved previous parameters. The prior treatment with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a PPAR-γ antagonist, significantly attenuated the protective effect of vitamin D. In conclusion, vitamin D can be demonstrated as a promising cardioprotective agent in MI and PPAR-γ significantly contributes toward vitamin-D-mediated protection.

Potential protective effects of trimetazidine and quercetin on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of trimetazidine (TMZ), quercetin, and their combination on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Background ISO has been found to produce MI in large doses; it generates highly cytotoxic free radicals that produce severe damage to the myocardial membrane. Pretreatment with TMZ and quercetin reduce oxidative stress induced by ISO. Materials and methods Fifty adult rats were divided into five groups (n = 10). Group 1 (control) and group 2 (ISO-treated) received normal saline orally through a orogastric tube for 14 days and subcutaneously for the last 2 days. Group 3 (quercetin–ISO treated) received quercetin (50 mg/kg; orally), group 4 (TMZ–ISO treated) received TMZ (10 mg/kg; orally), and group 5 (quercetin-treated and TMZ–ISO treated) received combined drugs for 14 days. All groups except the control group received ISO (100 mg/kg; subcutaneously) in the last 2 days. Serum separation and estimation of highly sensitive cardiac troponin-I, C-reactive protein, serum malondialdehyde, and total serum antioxidant were performed. In addition, histopathological changes of the rat heart were assessed. Results The ISO-treated group showed increased serum levels of highly sensitive cardiac troponin-I, C-reactive protein, and malondialdehyde and decreased serum levels of total serum antioxidant, pathological picture of MI by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and negative myoglobin expression. These parameters improved better in the group receiving combined drugs compared with rats receiving TMZ or quercetin alone. Conclusion The combined treatment showed better synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects compared with either treatment alone.

Cardioprotective activity of fruit of &lt;i&gt;Garcinia pedunculata&lt;/i&gt; on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rat

&lt;p&gt;The present study reveals the protective effect of&lt;em&gt; Garcinia pedunculata&lt;/em&gt; aqueous fruit extract in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. Isoprenaline (200 mg/kg) administration subcutaneous once daily for two consecutive days significantly (p&amp;lt;0.01) increased the CK-MB, AST, ALT, ALP activity and CRP (p&amp;lt;0.05) levels. Pretreatment with extract (400 mg/kg) orally for 14 consecutive days significantly ameliorated the effect of isoprenaline by reducing the activity of CK-MB and the levels of ALP, SGPT respectively. No significant changes were seen in the case of SGOT activity and CRP levels. Severe necrotic lesions in the myocardial tissue were observed in isoprenaline-treated group. In extract-treated group, mild degenerative changes of myo-cardial tissues to nearly normal cytoarchitecture were seen. The results indicate the cardioprotective effect of &lt;em&gt;G. pedunculata&lt;/em&gt; against isoprenaline- induced myocardial infarction rat model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

The Possible Cardio-Reno- Protective Effects of Vanillin on Isopretrenol- Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major public health problem in the world. Vanillin is a natural phenolic compound that possesses significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatment with vanillin (150 mg/kg, p.o.) and vanillin (300 mg/kg, p.o.) on isoprenaline-induced MI in rats. Markers chosen to assess cardiac damage included serum activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in addition to serum level of cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), as well as antioxidant activity of cardiac catalase (CAT) as well as cardiac contents of RGH, lipid peroxides, and nitrite. Furthermore Electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring and histological examinations of cardiac tissues were done. In addition markers chosen to assess renal impairment included serum and urine levels of creatinin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), also creatinine clearance (Ccr), urea clearance (Ucr) and glomerular filteration rate (GFR) were assessed. In addition, antioxidant activity of renal CAT and renal contents of RGH, lipid peroxides, and nitrite. Furthermore, histological examinations of renal tissues were done. Isoprenaline increased serum CK-MB and LDH activity and cTn-I level, cardiac and renal oxidative stress biomarkers. In addition, it produced ST-segment elevation and degenerative changes in heart and renal tissues. Pretreatment with vanillin in previous doses significantly suppressed isoprenaline-induced pathological changes, as the elevated levels of cTn-I, LDH and CK-MB in serum coupled with reduction in cardiac and renal oxidative stress markers. Moreover marked improvement in ECG and histopathologic alterations in both cardiac and renal tissues were produced. In conclusion, vanillin can be regarded as a promising cardio- and reno- protective natural agent in MI.

The plant histaminase: a promising enzyme with antioxidant properties versus histamine release in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

The present study was designed to evaluate possible protective effects of purified histaminase from Lathyrus sativus L. seedling on the myocardial injuries upon isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. In this regard, blood histamine concentration, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity, antioxidant status, and histopathological changes of the hearts were measured. A total of 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five equal groups and treated in the following order: control (normal saline), isoprenaline (isoproterenol 110 mg/kg BW), Isopren.-H1 (isoprenaline plus histaminase 80 U/kg BW), Isopren.-H2 (isoprenaline plus histaminase 120 U/kg BW), and Isopren.-H3 (isoprenaline plus histaminase 160 U/kg BW). Myocardial infarction was manifested by a significant elevation in the level of CK-MB and histopathological findings in isoprenaline group when compared to controls. In contrast, histaminase pretreatment at dose of 160 U/kg prevented isoprenaline-induced histamine release and significantly decreased CK-MB activity as well as histopathological changes in Isopren.-H3 group. A significant increase in the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was also observed by histaminase treatment in Isopren.-H2 and Isopren.-H3 groups. Although the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased significantly to suppress oxidative stress in isoprenaline group, it was not able to prevent lipid peroxidation (as shown by TBARS concentration) in the heart of rats. In conclusion, the plant-originated histaminase presented as a promising enzyme with antioxidant properties against histamine release and myocardial infarction in rats, and it seems be a suitable therapeutic agent for future clinical trials in humans.

Protective effect of betaine on protein, glycoproteins and amino acids in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in albino rats

Myocardial infarction is emerging as a foremost public health concern in most parts of the world even in developing countries still afflicted by infectious diseases, under nutrition and other illnesses related to poverty. There has been increasing recognition that certain natural substances have the potential to reduce the detrimental effect of a number of cardiovascular risk factors. In the present study, we have investigated the protective effect of betaine administration on changes in the levels of protein, glycoproteins and amino acids was studied in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats as an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Oral pre-treatment with betaine significantly attenuated (P<0.01) the isoprenaline-induced rise in the levels of troponin-T and creatine phosphokinase [CPK]. Oral supplementation of betaine also significantly (P<0.01) counteracted the isoprenaline-induced alterations in the levels of amino acids [taurine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine, hydroxy proline and homocysteine], protein content, glycoprotein components [hexose and hexosamine] and lipid peroxidation in the heart tissue and maintained their levels comparable to that of control animals. The results indicated that the overall cardioprotective effect of betaine was probably related to its ability to strengthen the myocardial membrane by its membrane stabilizing action or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant property.

Antioxidant defence of L-glutamine on mitochondrial function in experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats

Myocardial infarction is a major public health concern and the leading cause of death all over the world. A better understanding of the processes involved in myocardial infarction has stimulated the search for biomolecules, which could limit the myocardial injury. We determined the protective activity of L-glutamine on mitochondrial function in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats, an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Oral pre-treatment with glutamine significantly inhibited the isoprenaline-induced changes in the levels of troponin T and homocysteine in the plasma. It conserved the activities of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase) and respiratory marker enzyme (NADH dehydrogenase) and the level of myocardial ATP content at levels comparable to that of normal controls. It also attenuated isoprenaline-induced oxidative stress in rat mitochondria and preserved the antioxidant defence system at near normal. The results indicate that the cardioprotective effect of glutamine can be correlated directly with its ability to activate the energy status and antioxidant defence system.Keywords: isoprenaline

Protective effects of atorvastatin and quercetin on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats

Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major public health problem in the world. Statins exhibit cardio-protective effects by several mechanisms beyond their lipid lowering activity. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid that possesses significant anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatment with atorvastatin (10mg/kg) and quercetin (50mg/kg), as well as their combination on isoprenaline-induced MI in rats. Markers chosen to assess cardiac damage included serum activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and serum level of cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), as well as oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers including serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as well as cardiac contents of lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione (GSH), and nitrite. Furthermore, ECG monitoring and histological examinations of cardiac tissues were done. Isoprenaline increased serum CK-MB activity and cTn-I level as well as inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. In addition, it produced ST-segment elevation and degenerative changes in heart tissues. Pretreatment with atorvastatin suppressed significantly the elevated levels of cTn-I, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-10 in serum coupled with reduction in cardiac lipid peroxides; however, it increased cardiac nitrite content. Quercetin decreased isoprenaline-induced changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers with marked improvement in ECG and histopathologic alterations. Combination of quercetin with atorvastatin resulted in similar protective effects. In conclusion, quercetin can be regarded as a promising cardio-protective natural agent in MI alone or combined with atorvastatin.

Evaluation of cardioprotective effect of silk cocoon (Abresham) on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

The study was conducted to evaluate cardioprotective effect of silk cocoon (Abresham) Bombyx mori (B. mori) on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction. This study deals with the cocoons, which is called Abresham in the Unani system of medicine. It is one of the 64 drugs which Avicenna has mentioned in Avicenna's tract on cardiac drugs and used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Abresham is a chief ingredient of the two very famous Unani formulation viz. Khamira Abresham Sada, and Khamira Abresham Hakim Arshad Wala. The ethanolic extract of B. mori (Abresham) silk cocoons in the dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight was administered orally for 28 days before isoprenaline administration to test their cardioprotective effect. Isoprenaline (85 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously on days 29(th) and 30(th), respectively in order to induce myocardial infarction. The parameters for evaluation of cardioprotective activity were the physical parameters and the biochemical estimations. The physical parameters were gross examination of heart, heart weight/body weight ratio and histopathology examination. In biochemical estimations, the activity of various cardiac enzymes such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and the gold marker troponin-I were determined. The levels altered by isoproterenol were restored significantly by the administration of the both doses of test extract especially at higher dose. The result of this study shows that alcoholic extract B. mori has significant cardioprotective activity against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction.

Dietary chitosan supplementation attenuates isoprenaline-induced oxidative stress in rat myocardium

Despite considerable advances in diagnosis and management over the last three decades, acute myocardial infarction continues to be a major public health problem. It is predicted that ischemic heart diseases will constitute the major disease-burden worldwide in the year 2020. In the present study, an attempt has been made to examine the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on lipid peroxidation and cardiac antioxidant defense system in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats, an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Dietary chitosan intake significantly attenuated the isoprenaline-induced lipid peroxidation and maintained the level of reduced glutathione at near normal. Its administration demonstrated an antioxidant effect by maintaining the activities of myocardial glutathione dependent antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase) and antiperoxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) at levels comparable to that of controls. The results of the present study indicate that the salubrious effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan is probably related to a counteraction of free radicals and/or to normal maintenance of the activities of free radical enzymes and the level of GSH, which protect myocardial membrane against oxidative damage by decreasing lipid peroxidation.

Preventive effect of Aegle marmelos leaf extract on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats: biochemical evidence

We have evaluated the preventive effects of an aqueous Aegle marmelos leaf extract (AMLEt) in isoprenaline (isoproterenol)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Rats were pretreated with AMLEt (50, 100 or 200 mg kg(-1)) for 35 days. After the treatment period, isoprenaline (200 mg kg(-1)) was administered subcutaneously to rats at an interval of 24 h for two days. The activity of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased in serum and significantly decreased in heart of isoprenaline-treated rats. Pretreatment with AMLEt decreased the activity of CK and LDH in serum and increased them in the heart. The activity of sodium-potassium dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+)K(+)ATPase) was significantly decreased while the activity of calcium dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Ca(2+)ATPase) was simultaneously increased in the heart and aorta. AMLEt pretreatment increased the activity of Na(+)K(+) ATPase and decreased the activity of Ca(2+)ATPase in the heart and aorta simultaneously. The levels of cholesterol and triglycerides increased, while the levels of phospholipids decreased in the heart and aorta of isoprenaline-treated rats. In AMLEt-pretreated rats the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides decreased whereas phospholipids increased in heart and aorta. All the deranged biochemical parameters were restored with 200 mg kg(-1) AMLEt. Similarly alpha-tocopherol (60 mg kg(-1))-pretreatment to isoprenaline-treated rats exhibited a significant effect on all the parameters studied. The results from this study may have clinical relevance.

Protective effect of taurine on myocardial antioxidant status in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats

We have examined the protective effect of taurine on the myocardial antioxidant defense system in isoprenaline (isoproterenol)-induced myocardial infarction in rats, an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Levels of diagnostic marker enzymes in plasma, lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione, and the activity of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes and anti-peroxidative enzymes in the heart tissue were determined. Intraperitoneal administration of taurine significantly prevented the isoprenaline-induced increases in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase in the plasma of rats. Taurine exerted an antioxidant effect against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction by preventing the accumulation of lipid peroxides and by maintaining the level of reduced glutathione and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase at near normality. The results indicated that the cardioprotective potential of taurine was probably due to the increase of the activity of the free radical enzymes, or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant nature, or to a strengthening of myocardial membrane by its membrane stabilizing property.

Squalene: A natural antioxidant?

European Journal of Lipid Science and TechnologyVolume 111, Issue 5 p. 411-412 EditorialFree Access Squalene: A natural antioxidant? Ryszard Amarowicz, Ryszard Amarowicz Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, PolandSearch for more papers by this author Ryszard Amarowicz, Ryszard Amarowicz Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, PolandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 May 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900102Citations: 58AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. References 1 E. Psomiadou, M. Tsimidou: On the role of squalene in olive oil stability. J Agric Food Chem. 1999, 47, 4025– 4032. 2 C. I. G. Tuberoso, A. Kowalczyk, E. Sarritzu, P. Cabras: Determination of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity in comercial oilseeds for food use. Food Chem. 2007, 103, 1494– 1501. 3 Z.-R. Huang, Y.-K. Lin, J.-Y. Fang: Biological and pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: Potential uses in cosmetic dermatology. Molecules 2009, 14, 540– 554. 4 F. Conforti, G. Statti, M.R. Loizzo, G. Sacchetti, F. Poli, F. Menichini: In vitro antioxidant effect and inhibition of α-amylase of two varieties of Amaranthus caudatus seeds. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005, 28, 1098– 1102. 5 E. Psomiadou, M. Tsimidou: Stability of virigin olive oil. 2. Photo-oxidation studies. J Agric Food Chem. 2002, 50, 722– 727. 6 Y. Kohno, Y. Egawa, S. Itoh, S. Naganka, M. Takahashi, K. Mukai: Kinetik study of quenching reaction of singlet oxygen and scavenging reaction of free radical by squalene in n-butanol. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995, 1256, 52– 56. 7 E. Finotti, M. D'Ambrosio, F. Paoletti, V. Vivanti, G. Quaglia: Synergestic effect of α-tocopherol, β-sitisterol and squalene on antioxidant activity assayed by crocin bleaching method. Nahrung 2000, 44, 373– 374. 8 M. A. Dessi, M. Deiana, B. W. Day, A. Rosa, S. Banni, F. P. Corongiu: Oxidative stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids: effect of squalene. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 2002, 104, 506– 512. 9 R. V. Tikekar, R. D. Ludescher, M. V. Karwe: Processing stability of squalene in amaranth and antioxidant potential of amaranth extract. J Agric Food Chem. 2008, 56, 10675– 10678. 10 R. Mateos, M. D. Domínguez, J. L. Espartero, A. Cert: Antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds, α-tocopherol, and other minor components in virgin olive oil. J Agric Food Chem. 2003, 51, 7170– 7175. 11 N. Dhandapani, B. Ganesan, R. Anandan, R. Jeyakumar, D. Rajaprabhu, R. A. Ezhilan: Synergistic effect of squalene and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. African J Biotechnol. 2007, 6, 1021– 1027. 12 T. Hauß, S. Dante, N. A. Dencher, T. Haines: Squalene is in the midplane of lipid bilayer: implications for its function as aproton permeability barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002, 1556, 149– 154. 13 B. Das, H. Yeger, H. Baruchel, M. H. Freedman, G. Koren, S. Baruchel: In vitro cytoprotective activity of squalene on a bone marrow versus neuroblastoma model of cisplatin-induced toxicity: implications in cancer chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2003, 39, 2556– 2565. 14 P. Manzi, G. Panfili, M. Esti, L. Pizzoferrato: Natural antioxidants in the unsaponifiable fraction of virgin oils from different cultivars. J Sci Food Agric. 1998, 77, 115– 120. 15 E. Psomiadou, M. Tsimidou: Stability of virgin olive oil. 1. Autoxidation studies. J Agric Food Chem. 2002, 50, 716– 721. 16 K. Hrncirik, S. Fritsche: Relation of the endogenous antioxidant system and the quality of extra olive oil under accelerated storage conditions. J Agric Food Chem. 2005, 53, 2103– 2110. 17 Pan-frying of French fries in three different edible oils enriched with olive leaf extract: Oxidative stability and fate of microconstituents. LWT – Food Sci Technol. 2009, 42, 1090– 1097. Citing Literature Volume111, Issue5No. 5 May 2009Pages 411-412 ReferencesRelatedInformation