Isolation Of Mycoplasmas Research Articles

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Chickens in Sudan.

The current study described the isolation and molecular detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) and Mycoplasma synoviae from tracheal swabs of diseased birds showing signs of respiratory distress in selected commercial (layer and broiler) farms and from yolk and an open air of pens of vaccinated breeder flocks in Sudan. A number of 45 Mycoplasma isolates were recovered from chickens in Khartoum, Gezira, and Equatoria states in Sudan. Of these, eight Mg and three Ms isolates were identified using growth inhibition and rapid serum agglutination (RSA) tests. The conventional PCR technique was applied to amplify 140 bp and 720 bp DNA fragments for the Mg and Ms, respectively. This research confirmed vertical and horizontal transmission of Mg from breeder farms through detection of Mg in yolk of fertile eggs and an air of pens despite previous vaccination. PCR is considered a rapid, sensitive, and cheap method and it will improve the diagnosis of Mycoplasma in chickens.

Isolation, molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of Mycoplasma agalactiae from bulk tank milk in an endemic area of Spain

To isolate and characterize strains of Mycoplasma agalactiae from bulk tank and silo ewes' milk. Thirteen mycoplasma isolates were obtained from samples of sheep milk taken from bulk tank and large silos and identified as Myc.agalactiae by PCR-DGGE. The isolates were typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), SDS-PAGE and immunoblot. The in vitro activity of 13 antimicrobials of veterinary interest was tested against these isolates. Results showed that the most effective compounds against Myc.agalactiae in vitro were clindamycin, an antibiotic not previously described as a suitable contagious agalactia (CA) treatment, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of <0·12μgml(-1) , and quinolones, with MIC values <0·12-0·5μgml(-1) , which are used as standard treatments against CA. Based on the in vitro assay, clindamycin, quinolones, tylosin and tilmicosin would be appropriate antimicrobials for CA treatment. The isolates were mostly resistant to erythromycin, indicating that it would not be a suitable choice for therapy. The isolates showed common molecular and protein profiles by PFGE and SDS-PAGE, with minor differences observed by immunoblot analysis, suggesting a clonal relationship among them. This study demonstrated the importance of the appropriate selection of antimicrobials for treatment of CA.

Mycoplasmas isolated from the respiratory tract of cattle in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This study represents Mycoplasma species isolated from the respiratory tract of cattle in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 2002 and 2010. A total of 328 nasal swabs and 59 lung samples were submitted for isolation of mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 27 samples (6.9%). M. bovis was recovered from eight nasal swabs and two lungs, while M. bovirhinis (n=4) and Acholeplasma sp. (n=1) were detected only in nasal swabs. Twelve mycoplasma isolates were unidentified (44.4%).

Mycoplasma infection of ducks and geese

Production of ducks and geese in certain parts of the world is very important. Mycoplasma diseases cause significant losses to the duck and goose industry. This review summarizes the epidemiological, clinical, and pathomorphological characteristics of mycoplasma diseases of ducks and geese and the involvement of the various mycoplasma species in their pathogenesis. The role of mycoplasma infections in the development of clinical signs, pathological lesions, and mortality of challenged birds is demonstrated in challenge experiments. Transmission of mycoplasma in the ovary and eggs resulting in the reduction of egg production and an increase of embryo mortality has been shown in challenge experiments as well as in field studies. The susceptibility of many mycoplasma isolates of the most important mycoplasma species of duck and goose origin were tested and showed relatively high average minimum inhibitory concentrations of lincomycin, tilosin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and enrofloxacin but not for tiamulin. The successful treatment of mycoplasma infections with antibiotics in ducks and geese should be selected based on the minimum inhibitory concentration values against the mycoplasmas isolated from the flock.

In vitro antimicrobial activities of cinnamon bark oil, anethole, carvacrol, eugenol and guaiazulene against Mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of five natural substances against 50 clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis. The in vitro activity of selected natural compounds, cinnamon bark oil, anethole, carvacrol, eugenol and guaiazulene, was investigated against 50 M. hominis isolates cultivated from cervical swabs by the broth dilution method. All showed valuable antimicrobial activity against the tested isolates. Oil from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (MBC90 = 500 µg/mL) however was found to be the most effective. Carvacrol (MBC90 = 600 µg/mL) and eugenol (MBC90 = 1000 µg/mL) also possessed strong antimycoplasmal activity. The results indicate that cinnamon bark oil, carvacrol and eugenol have strong antimycoplasmal activity and the potential for use as antimicrobial agents in the treatment of mycoplasmal infections.

Mycoplasma Corogypsi–Associated Polyarthritis and Tenosynovitis in Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus)

Three wild American black vultures (Coragyps atratus) were presented to rehabilitation centers with swelling of multiple joints, including elbows, stifles, hocks, and carpal joints, and of the gastrocnemius tendons. Cytological examination of the joint fluid exudate indicated heterophilic arthritis. Radiographic examination in 2 vultures demonstrated periarticular soft tissue swelling in both birds and irregular articular surfaces with subchondral bone erosion in both elbows in 1 bird. Prolonged antibiotic therapy administered in 2 birds did not improve the clinical signs. Necropsy and histological examination demonstrated a chronic lymphoplasmacytic arthritis involving multiple joints and gastrocnemius tenosynovitis. Articular lesions varied in severity and ranged from moderate synovitis and cartilage erosion and fibrillation to severe synovitis, diffuse cartilage ulceration, subchondral bone loss and/or sclerosis, pannus, synovial cysts, and epiphyseal osteomyelitis. No walled bacteria were observed or isolated from the joints. However, mycoplasmas polymerase chain reactions were positive in at least 1 affected joint from each bird. Mycoplasmas were isolated from joints of 1 vulture that did not receive antibiotic therapy. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from joint samples and the mycoplasma isolate identified Mycoplasma corogypsi in 2 vultures and was suggestive in the third vulture. Mycoplasma corogypsi identification was confirmed by sequencing the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region of mycoplasma isolates. This report provides further evidence that M. corogypsi is a likely cause of arthritis and tenosynovitis in American black vultures. Cases of arthritis and tenosynovitis in New World vultures should be investigated for presence of Mycoplasma spp, especially M. corogypsi.

Longitudinal field study on the occurrence of Mycoplasma synoviae in Dutch turkey flocks with lameness and experimental induction of the condition

Four meat turkey farms with a history of lameness were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma synoviae by testing one flock per farm for antibodies with the rapid plate agglutination (RPA) test and/or for M. synoviae DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Flocks were sampled every 2 weeks from 6 weeks of age until slaughter. If PCR results were positive, tracheal swabs were taken for mycoplasma isolation and swollen joints were sampled for general bacteriology, mycoplasma culture and virology. In one flock, all M. synoviae diagnostic tests were negative but reovirus was isolated. In the other flocks, M. synoviae was the only pathogen associated with lameness due to joint disease. M. synoviae RPA tests became positive 6 to 8 weeks later than PCR. An experimental infection was then conducted in male meat turkeys in which a negative control group was sham inoculated at 8 weeks of age, while three other groups were inoculated intravenously with M. synoviae. Turkeys in group LCh were given 105 colony-forming units (CFU) of an arthropathic M. synoviae chicken strain at 8 weeks; group LHCh was given a low (105 CFU) dose at 8 weeks, followed by a high (108 CFU) dose at 12 weeks, of the same chicken strain; and group HTu was inoculated with 108 CFU of a M. synoviae turkey joint isolate from the field study. Post-mortem examination, histopathology, serology, bacteriology and mycoplasma culture were performed at 19 weeks of age. A dose effect was found after comparing the LCh and the LHCh groups. No significant difference was observed between the HTu (108 CFU/bird) and the LCh (105 CFU/bird) group regarding the number of turkeys with arthritis, the number of M. synoviae reisolations and the mean microscopic lesion scores of joints, indicating that the M. synoviae chicken strain has greater arthropathogenic potential and that infection of turkeys in the field with such a strain may possibly have a greater clinical and economic impact.

Associação entre Mycoplasma spp. e ácaros do conduto auditivo de bovinos

Esse estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar a associação entre micoplasmas e ácaros (Raillietia auris e R. flechtmanni) no conduto auditivo de bovinos. Foram realizadas lavagens no conduto auditivo externo de 60 bovinos abatidos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Para a lavagem dos condutos auditivos foi utilizada solução salina tamponada (PBS, pH 7.2) em seringas estéreis de 60mL. Para o isolamento de micoplasmas foram utilizados pools de ácaros por animal, lavados sucessivamente em 1mL de meio Hayflick modificado. Os lavados dos ácaros foram diluídos de 10-1 até 10-5 e repicados em meio Hayflick modificado, sólido e líquido e incubados a 37°C por 48-72 horas em microaerofilia. A identificação das espécies de micoplasmas foi realizada pelo teste da imunoperoxidase indireta (IPI). Verificou-se alta prevalência de ácaros do gênero Raillietia spp. 76,7% (46/60). O parasitismo por ácaros e micoplasmas foi verificado em 40 animais (74,1%), sendo esta associação significativa (p&lt;0,001). Dos ácaros processados para isolamento de micoplasmas, 193 foram fêmeas e 25 machos. A frequência de Mycoplasma em Raillietia spp. foi de 81,2% (177/218) (p&lt;0.001). Das fêmeas identificadas, 52,3% (101/193) foram R. auris e 47,7% (92/193) R. flechtmanni. A frequência de Mycoplasma nas fêmeas de R. auris foi de 75,2% (76/101) e na espécie R. flechtmanni foi de 88% (81/92) (P&lt;0.05). As espécies de micoplasmas tipificadas pela IPI nos ácaros Raillietia auris foram: M. alkalescens 6,9%, M. arginini 3,4%, M. bovirhinis 9,2%, M. conjunctivae 18,4%, M. mycoides mycoides LC 8,0%, M. capricolum 5,7%. Em R. flechtmanni as espécies de micoplasmas identificadas foram: M. alkalescens 12,2%, M. arginini 1,0%, M. bovirhinis 18,9%, M. bovis 2,2%, M. conjunctivae 21,0%, M. mycoides mycoides LC 11,0% e M. capricolum 4,4%. As espécies de micoplasmas identificadas no conduto auditivo externo dos bovinos foram as mesmas presentes nos ácaros R. auris e R. flechtmanni. Os resultados confirmam que o conduto auditivo externo de bovinos é um habitat de Mycoplasma spp., incluindo espécies potencialmente patogênicas para os rebanhos, além dos ácaros R. auris e R. flechtmanni estarem associados com esses molicutes carreando-os em seu organismo.

Isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (SC) in small ruminants in Sahel zone of Nigeria and its implications on disease control

A study on the isolation of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (SC) in small ruminants and its implication on disease control was carried out in the Sahel zone of Nigeria. This was achieved by the examination of pneumonic lesions in apparently normal and affected lungs of sheep and goats slaughtered at Maiduguri municipal abattoir. A total of 400 lungs (200 each from sheep and goats) were examined at post-mortem (PM) for pneumonic lesions. Of this number, 50 (25%) sheep had pneumonic lungs, while almost double the number 89 (44.5%) of goats showed pneumonic lungs. The prevalence of pneumonic lungs in the sheep was higher amongst the females (34.3%) than the males (23%), while in the goats, the prevalence was higher in the males (48%) compared to the females (38.7%) examined. Seven different Mycoplasma species were isolated from both unaffected and affected lungs of sheep and goats. 42 isolates were obtained from 150 unaffected sheep samples, whilst 36 isolates were obtained from 50 affected sheep. Of the 111 unaffected and 89 affected caprine lung samples, a total of 55 and 66 Mycoplasma isolates were recovered respectively. The commonly occurring Mycoplasmas in both unaffected and affected lungs of sheep and goats were Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (30%), Mycoplama mycoides subspecies capri (29.5%), Mycoplama mycoides subspecies mycoides SC (13.5%) and Mycoplasma capricolum (11.5%) with Mycobacterium bovis (1.5%) being the least isolated. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of Mycoplasma mycoide s subspecies mycoides SC the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in cattle in small ruminants (sheep and goats) in Nigeria. Although the isolation rate of M. bovis was low in this study, its isolation in non-bovine ruminants is significant as it shows evidence of mycoplasma circulation between various animal species reared in close contact. These findings may pose serious impediments to the control of endemic CBPP in Nigeria. Key words: Isolates, Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, sheep, goats, Nigeria.

Detection and Characterization of Mycoplasma spp. and Salmonella spp. in Free-living European Tortoises (Testudo hermanni, Testudo graeca, and Testudo marginata)

Free-living and captive chelonians might suffer from upper respiratory tract disease (URTD), a pathology primarily caused by Mycoplasma agassizii. Wild tortoises can also be an important reservoir of Salmonella spp., which are commensal in the host reptile but are potential zoonotic agents. Between July 2009 and June 2010, we screened free-living European tortoises (spur-thighed tortoises Testudo graeca, Hermann's tortoises Testudo hermanni, marginated tortoises Testudo marginata) temporarily housed in a wildlife center in Italy. We molecularly characterized 13 Mycoplasma isolates detected in all Testudo spp. studied, and three PCR-positive animals showed typical URTD clinical signs at the time of sampling. Three Salmonella enterica serotypes (Abony, Potsdam, Granlo), already related to reptile-associated human infections, were also identified. These results highlight the potential role played by wildlife recovery centers in the spread and transmission of pathogens among wild chelonians and to humans.

Detection of multiple Mycoplasma species in bulk tank milk samples using real-time PCR and conventional culture and comparison of test sensitivities

The objective of this study was to further validate a SYBR PCR protocol for Mycoplasma spp. by comparing it with standard microbial culture in the detection of Mycoplasma spp. in bulk tank milk samples. Additionally, we identified Mycoplasma spp. present by analysis of PCR-generated amplicons [dissociation (melt) temperature (Tm), length, and DNA sequence]. The research presented herein tests the hypothesis that the SYBR PCR protocol is as sensitive as conventional culture for the detection of Mycoplasma spp. in bulk tank milk samples. Mycoplasmas cause several important disease syndromes in cattle, including mastitis in dairy cows. The standard diagnostic method at the herd level has been microbial isolation of mycoplasmas on 1 of several specialized media and speciation through biochemical or immunological techniques; repeated sampling schemes are recommended. The development of a real-time SYBR PCR protocol offers advantages in decrease of time to detection, cost, and complexity. The Tm of the double-stranded DNA generated from the PCR reaction was used to detect the presence of and tentatively identify the species of mycoplasmas other than Mycoplasma bovis. In the SYBR PCR protocol, the presence of multiple species of mycoplasmas is indicated by an atypical dissociation curve. Gel electrophoresis and sequencing of the amplicons was used to confirm the mycoplasma species present when a non-M. bovis organism was detected (Tm not equal to M. bovis) and used to identify all the mycoplasma species present for the samples with atypical dissociation curves. Mycoplasma bovis was identified in 83% of SYBR PCR mycoplasma-positive bulk tank samples. Another mycoplasma was identified either alone or in addition to M. bovis in 25% of SYBR PCR mycoplasma-positive bulk tank milk samples. Four species of mycoplasma other than M. bovis (Mycoplasma alkalescens, Mycoplasma arginini, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Mycoplasma gateae) were identified in bulk tank milk samples tested with this method. Five farms had 2 mycoplasma species occurring at different times in their bulk tanks. Two mycoplasma species were identified in the same bulk tank sample in 7 instances on 2 farms. The finding of multiple Mycoplasma spp. coexisting on a farm and even in the same bulk tank milk sample indicates that the clinical significance of multiple mycoplasma species in the pathology of intramammary infections should be investigated further. In comparison with conventional culture, the SYBR PCR protocol was slightly (but not statistically significantly) more sensitive in the detection of mycoplasmas in bulk tank milk.

Retrospective survey for sialidase activity in Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates from cases of community-acquired pneumonia

BackgroundSialidase is a well-known virulence factor of other respiratory pathogens, but was only recently documented to occur in some species of Mycoplasma. The sialidase activity expressed can vary quantitatively among strains within a species of mycoplasma, from undetectable to amounts that correlate positively with strain virulence. Very few isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae had ever been examined for sialidase activity, so it was unknown whether sialidase may contribute to diseases involving this species.FindingsNo sialidase activity was detected by spectrofluorometric assay of 15 laboratory strains and 91 clinical isolates of M. pneumoniae banked over many years from patients having radiologically-confirmed, uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia.ConclusionsThe annotated genome of strain M129 (GenBank NC_000912, ATCC 29342), also isolated from a patient with pneumonia, accurately represents the absence of sialidase genes from strains of M. pneumoniae typically associated with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia. A possible involvement of sialidase in neurologic or other extra-respiratory manifestations of M. pneumoniae mycoplasmosis remains to be investigated.

Mycoplasmas and Human prostate cancer: An exciting but cautionary note

A recent study of Barykova, et al. [1] described a significant association between Mycoplasma hominis infection and development of prostate cancer. In the study, the authors detected the presence of M. hominis-specific DNA sequences in examining 496 prostate biopsies by PCR obtained from 248 Russian men undergoing cancer diagnosis. The association appeared to be particularly significant in the statistical analysis between M. hominis infection and development of the higher grade prostate cancer. A possible role for mycoplasmas in association with human malignancy was first noted during 1960s. Several studies reported isolation of mycoplasmas from human leukemic bone marrow [2-6]. A majority of the mycoplasmas isolated in the studies were identified as Mycoplasma fermentans. However, the mycoplasmaoncogenesis hypothesis failed to advance because the same mycoplasmas later could also be found in nonleukemic children or adults, although the mycoplasmas appeared to be most frequently isolated from patients with leukemia [7]. Koch’s postulate of identifying the causative agent in an infectious disease by finding a specific pathogen uniquely present in a particular disease process overshadowed the characteristics in both chronicity and multi-factorial nature of the malignant process. Mycoplasmas are a heterogeneous group of very small organisms capable of self-replication. The wallfree microbes can cause a wide variety of diseases in animals. Some mycoplasmas cause respiratory or urogenital diseases in humans. However, many other mycoplasmas chronically colonize our respiratory and urogenital tracts without apparent clinical significance [8]. Various mechanisms including “antigenic variation” may be critical in the ability of these microbial species to evade host antibody responses or other elements of

Mycoplasma sturni from a California House Finch with Conjunctivitis Did Not Cause Disease in Experimentally Infected House Finches

Mycoplasma gallisepticum conjunctivitis emerged in 1994 as a disease of free-ranging House Finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) in North America and has also been isolated from other songbirds with conjunctivitis. A key feature for the successful study of natural and experimental disease has been the apparent, very-high correlation between characteristic eye lesions and M. gallisepticum. Mycoplasma sturni was originally isolated from an adult European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) with bilateral conjunctivitis and has since been reported in a relatively small number of other avian species, but not in House Finches. We identified as M. sturni a mycoplasma isolate from a California House Finch with conjunctivitis. However, experimental infection of House Finches with the M. sturni isolate failed to reproduce the disease. Therefore, M. gallisepticum remains the primary known cause of conjunctivitis in House Finches.

Mycoplasmoses of ruminants in France: recent data from the national surveillance network

BackgroundRuminant mycoplasmoses are important diseases worldwide and several are listed by the World Organization for Animal Health to be of major economic significance. In France the distribution of mycoplasmal species isolated from clinical samples collected from diseased animals upon veterinary request, is monitored by a network known as VIGIMYC (for VIGIlance to MYCoplasmoses of ruminants). The veterinary diagnostic laboratories collaborating with VIGIMYC are responsible for isolating the mycoplasmas while identification of the isolates is centralized by the French Food Safety Agency (AFSSA) in Lyon. The VIGIMYC framework can also be used for specific surveys and one example, on the prevalence of M. bovis in bovine respiratory diseases, is presented here.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2008, 34 laboratories were involved in the network and 1904 mycoplasma isolates, originating from the main ruminant-breeding areas, were identified. For cattle, the high prevalence of M. bovis in bronchopneumonia, notably in young animals, was confirmed by VIGIMYC and an associated specific survey, whereas the non-emergence of species such as M. alkalescens and M. canis was also demonstrated. The etiological agent of bovine contagious pleuropneumonia was never isolated. The principal mycoplasmosis in goats was contagious agalactia with M. mycoides subsp. capri as main agent. Ovine mycoplasmoses, most of which were associated with pneumonia in lambs, were infrequently reported. One exception was ovine contagious agalactia (due to M. agalactiae) that has recently re-emerged in the Pyrénées where it had been endemic for years and was also reported in Corsica, which was previously considered free.ConclusionsAlthough VIGIMYC is a passive network and somewhat biased as regards sample collection and processing, it has provided, in this study, an overview of the main mycoplasmoses of ruminants in France. The French epidemiological situation is compared to those existing elsewhere in the world.

Genital Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae in Infertility and Abortion

The isolation of ureaplasma, mycoplasma hominis and chlamydia trachomatis from the genital tract was studied in 90 infertile women (24 primary infertile and 66 secondary infertile) and in 100 fertile pregnant women. From each subject, specimens from vagina, cervix, endometrium and urine were taken. Genital mycoplasmas were isolated from 75% of the primary infertility group 63.6% of the secondary infertility group and from 82% of the fertile pregnant group. Isolation rates of ureaplasma were significantly higher than M. hominis isolation rates. In specimens from vagina, cervix and urine genital mycoplasma isolation rates were higher in fertile women than these recorded in infertile women. In endometrium ureaplasma was recovered in 30% of the infertile women and in 20% of the fertile group; Mycoplasma hominis was recovered in 25.5% of the infertile and in 14% of the fertile women, associated or not with vagina or cervix isolation. Mycoplasma isolation from endometrium alone was successful only in infertile cases. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in only 5 infertile and in only 3 fertile women and even then associated with mycoplasma isolation. Twenty-five mycoplasma positive infertile women were treated in separate groups by tetracycline, erythromycin or vibramycine. Preliminary data show that from 11 endometrial positive mycoplasma cases, 6 became negative and 2 were pregnant after antibiotic therapy. The treated cases are under subsequent control and final results will be communicated later.

Isolation of Mycoplasma from a buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with mastitis.

Summary From the milk of a buffalo Mycoplasma were isolated and identified as M. laidlawii. Zusammenfassung Isolierung von Mykoplasmen aus einem Buffel (Bubalus bubalis) mit Mastitis Aus dem Milchdrusensekret eines Buffels wurden Mykoplasmen isoliert und als M. laidlawii identifiziert. Resumen Aislamiento de Mycoplasma de una bufala (Bubalus bubalis) con mastitis De la secrecion de la glandula mamaria de una bufala se aislaron mycoplasmas, identificandose como M. laidlawii.

Isolation of Mycoplasmas and Acholeplasmas from Pneumonic Lesions in Sheep and Goats in India

Summary The pneumonic lungs of 38 sheep and 62 goats were examined for Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma and they were isolated and their preliminary biochemical characterization determined from the pneumonic lungs of 13 of 38 sheep and 17 of 62 goats. Various species of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma were finally identified from 18 of the 30 original cultures. They comprised M. arginini in 13 cases (4 sheep and 9 goats), A. laidlawii in 3 cases (2 sheep and 1 goat), and M. agalactiae and M. capricolum in one goat each. All these species were isolated from pneumonic lungs for the first time in India and M. capricolum was isolated from goat pneumonia for the first time anywhere. The pathology of the mycoplasma-associated pneumonic lesions is described. Zusammenfassung Vorkommen von Mykoplasmen in an Pneumonien erkrankten Schafen und Ziegen in Indien 38 Schafe und 62 Ziegen mit Pneumonien wurden auf Mykoplasmen untersucht. Isolierung und vorlaufige biochemische Charakterisierung gelang aus 13 von 38 Schaflungen und 17 von 62 Ziegenlungen. Aus 18 Lungen isolierte und naher differenzierte Mykoplasmen gehorten verschiedenen Arten an: 13mal konnte M. arginini (4mal Schaf und 9mal Ziege) isoliert werden, 3mal A. laidawii (2mal Schaf und 1mal Ziege) und jeweils einmal aus Ziegen M. agalactiae und M. capricolum. In Indien konnten diese Mykoplasmenarten zum erstenmal in pneumonisch veranderten Lungen nachgewiesen werden. M. capricolum konnte uberhaupt erstmals bei einer Ziegenpneumonie isoliert werden. Das pathologische Erscheinungsbild der mit Mykoplasmen verbundenen Pneumonien wurde beschrieben. Resume Presence de mycoplasmes chez des moutons et des chevres atteints de pneumonie aux Indes On a recherche des mycoplasmes chez 38 moutons et 62 chevres atteints de pneumonie. Un isolement et une caracterisation biochemique ont ete possibles a partir de 13 sur 38 poumons de moutons et 17 sur 62 poumons de chevres. A partir de 18 poumons, des mycoplasmes de differentes especes ont ete isoles: 13 M. arginini et 3 A. laidlawii chez des moutons et des chevres + 1 M. agalactiae et 1 M. capricolum chez des chevres. Ces mycoplasmes ont ete isoles pour la premiere fois aux Indes a partir de poumons atteints de pneumonie. M. capricolum a ete isole pour la premiere fois chez une chevre atteinte de pneumonie. On decrit l'image pathologique des pneumonies liees aux mycoplasmes. Resumen Presencia de mycoplasmas en ovejas y cabras enfermas de pneumonias en la India Se examinaron 38 ovejas y 62 cabras con pneumonias en cuanto a la presencia de mycoplasmas. Se logro el aislamiento y caracterizacion bioquimica provisional en 13 de 38 pulmones ovinos y en 17 entre 62 pulmones caprinos. Los mycoplasmas aislados de 18 pulmones y diferenciados en detalle pertenecian a especies diferentes: se pudo aislar M. arginini 13 veces (4 veces en ovejas y 9 veces en cabras), A. laidlawii 3 veces (2 veces en ovejas y una vez en cabras) y cada vez una vez en ovejas M. agalactiae y M. capricolum. Se pudieron indentificar estas especies de mycoplasmas por vez primera en la India en pulmones con modificaciones pneumonicas. M. capricolum se pudo aislar por vez primera, en suma, en una oveja con pneumonia. Se describe el cuadro sintomatico patologico de las pneumonias ligadas a mycoplasmas.

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Four Species of Mycoplasma Isolated in 2008 and 2009 from Cattle in Japan

We examined the susceptibility in vitro of 99 isolates of Mycoplasma (M. bovirhinis, M. bovis, M. alkalescens and M. bovoculi) and one of Acholeplasma laidlawii collected in 2008 and 2009 from Japanese homebred cattle and cows imported from Australia to 13 antimicrobial agents. Mycoplasma species isolated from homebred cattle were susceptible to spectinomycin and fluoroquinolones but resistant to macrolides, tetracyclines, thiamphenicol and flumequine. Kanamycin, lincomycin and chloramphenicol maintained intermediate effectiveness against these species. The isolates from the imported cows maintained sufficient susceptibility to all antimicrobials examined except for erythromycin and thiamphenicol. These results showed that four species of Mycoplasma isolated from Japanese homebred cattle had obviously higher drug resistance compared with previous reports, even within this decade.

188: Maternal azithromycin or erythromycin administration is associated with a reduction in neonatal RDS

Ureaplasma (UU) colonization of the respiratory tract of preterm infants is associated with neonatal lung disease, therefore postnatal treatment for UU has been proposed. Because many UU infections occur in utero, we examined whether antenatal exposure to macrolides is associated with a decrease in isolation of UU or Mycoplasma (Myco) in cord blood or placenta or a lower rate of neonatal lung disease.