Isolation Of Cellulose Degrading Bacteria Research Articles

CELLULOLYTIC MICROORGANISMS: AEROBIC, MICROAEROPHILIC, ANAEROBIC BACTERIA AND MICROBIAL CONSORTIA (Part II)

In nature, cellulose, lignocellulose and lignin are major sources of plant biomass therefore their recycling is indispensable for the carbon cycle. The synergistic action of a variety of microorganisms is needed for recycling lignocellulosic materials. The capacities of microorganisms to assimilate complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, depend on the ability to produce the enzymes that work synergically. Populations growing in compost piles consist mainly of bacteria (including actinobacteria) and fungi. Polymers such as hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin are only degraded once the more easily degradable compounds have been consumed. Afterwards, the lignocellulosic materials are partly transformed into humus. In the present review, numerous studies on the isolation of cellulose-degrading bacteria and fungi, their identification, enzymatic activities, and their ability to grow in the presence of lignocellulose and components of these industrial waste streams (phenolic compounds, sulfides, and dyes are analyzed and discussed. This is of particular interest to design future studies to isolate those bacteria that can specifically degrade cellulose matrix and more recalcitrant components such as lignin and aromatic lignin degradation products. Cultivation and characterization of microorganisms alone is not adequate without preservation techniques that do not alter the morphology, physiology or genetics of pure strains. Careful preservation is imperative for future research, teaching and industrial applications.

Isolation of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria from Luwu Timur in Oil Palm Empty Fruits Bunch

The oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of the solid wastes produced by industrial factories. These bunches are the habitat of cellulolytic bacteria. This study aims to identify the morphology and determine the potential microorganisms in degrading oil palm empty fruit bunches waste. The methods used in this study were isolation and observation of bacterial morphology, bacterial screening, degradation test of empty oil palm fruit bunches waste, and enzyme activity test with DNS method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 530 nm. A collection of 14 isolates were obtained from the isolation process. We obtained 14 isolates from the sample, the largest clear zone was shown by isolate S10. The isolate also exhibited the highest cellulose-degrading activity after 7 days incubation period with a degrading percentage of 13.27%. After incubation for 2 days, the morphological characteristics of the bacteria produced have circular and medium-sized colonies, yellow, colonies wave edges and flat colonies, elevation convex and smooth surface. The resulting enzyme activity was 0.1308 U/mL. Therefore, isolate S10 was suspected to have the potential to degrade plastic.

Isolation of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria and Determination of Their Cellulolytic Potential

Eight isolates of cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) were isolated from four different invertebrates (termite, snail, caterpillar, and bookworm) by enriching the basal culture medium with filter paper as substrate for cellulose degradation. To indicate the cellulase activity of the organisms, diameter of clear zone around the colony and hydrolytic value on cellulose Congo Red agar media were measured. CDB 8 and CDB 10 exhibited the maximum zone of clearance around the colony with diameter of 45 and 50 mm and with the hydrolytic value of 9 and 9.8, respectively. The enzyme assays for two enzymes, filter paper cellulase (FPC), and cellulase (endoglucanase), were examined by methods recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The extracellular cellulase activities ranged from 0.012 to 0.196 IU/mL for FPC and 0.162 to 0.400 IU/mL for endoglucanase assay. All the cultures were also further tested for their capacity to degrade filter paper by gravimetric method. The maximum filter paper degradation percentage was estimated to be 65.7 for CDB 8. Selected bacterial isolates CDB 2, 7, 8, and 10 were co-cultured with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Ethanol production was positively tested after five days of incubation with acidified potassium dichromate.