Previous designs of isolated rat liver perfusion circuits used for toxicological investigations are often expensive, cumbersome, or traumatic in relation to hepatic biocompatibility following extended perfusion times. A new, miniaturized circuit that incorporates a novel design of organ bath, to maintain a buoyant preparation, and a high-efficiency miniaturized membrane tubing oxygenator is described. Livers from male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused continuously for 6 hr in vitro using rat blood diluted to a perfusate hematocrit of 9.75 ± 0.35% with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB). Hepatic function was evaluated by measurement of perfusion pressure, flow rate, bile volume production, bile bilirubin content, hepatic oxygen uptake (HOU), bromosulphthalein (BSP) removal, hepatic enzyme activities, and electrolyte concentrations, and finally by histological examination. Perfusion pressure and flow rate remained stable at 8.7 ± 1.7 mmHg and 1.92 ± 0.06 mL min −1 g −1 liver, respectively. Bile volume production and HOU were maximal at 784 ± 84 μL h −1 and 0.99 μmol/L min −1 g −1 respectively. Erythrocyte damage in the perfusate was evaluated by measurement of reduction in perfusate hematocrit from 9.75 ± 0.35% to 9.27 ± 0.24%, and increases in plasma free hemoglobin, which rose from 85.8 ± 12.3 mg% to 650.1 ± 53.3 mg% over the 6-hr perfusion period studied. Using bile volume production, hepatic oxygen uptake, and the liberation of plasma free hemoglobin as the most sensitive indices of adverse conditions, the new circuit was capable of supporting an isolated perfused rat liver for periods of up to 6 hr under close-to-physiological conditions.