Isokinetic Muscle Strength Research Articles

Longitudinal Development of Physical Characteristics and Function in Japanese Junior Rugby Union Players.

To longitudinally investigate the development of physical characteristics and function during 3years of high school among Japanese junior rugby players and examine the differences in these parameters between the positions. In 83 junior rugby players (forwards: n = 46, backs: n = 37) from one Japanese high school team who had participated in national high school competitions, anthropometric variables (height, body mass, fat and lean body mass, and body mass index), upper- and lower-body strength (eg,1-repetition-maximum [1RM] bench press, isokinetic knee muscle strength at 60°/s and 180°/s), and sprint and jump performance were measured. Upper- and lower-body strength relative to body mass and lean body mass were also calculated. All anthropometric indices improved with increasing age, and the values were higher in forwards than in backs (all P < .05). The 1-repetition maximum bench press (forwards: 40.8%, backs: 52.5%) and isokinetic knee strength (eg,extension at 60°/s, forwards: 15.4%, backs: 10.0%) improved with age (from 16 to 18y), and they were higher in forwards than in backs (all P < .05). Meanwhile, the 1RM bench press relative to lean body mass did not differ between the positions. Isokinetic knee muscle strength at 60°/s and 180°/s relative to lean body mass and sprint and jump performance did not improve with age. These results indicate that Japanese junior rugby players need to develop larger physiques and continuously increase their lower-body strength to improve sprint and jump performance.

A comparison between hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy and conventional physiotherapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy (HDP) with conventional physiotherapy (CPT) in improving symptoms in females with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The present study included 60 patients with a diagnosis of knee OA. The patients were randomly assigned to the HDP (n=30) and CPT (n=30) groups. The patients in the HDP group were treated with a dextrose injection into the knee joint (25% dextrose) and around the knee (15% dextrose) in two sessions for 1 month, while those in the CPT group received a hot pack, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and therapeutic ultrasound in five sessions a week for 4 weeks. Prior to commencing the treatment, and at 1 and 3 months post-treatment, all the patients were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the goniometric measurement of active knee range of motion (ROM), a 50-m walking test and isokinetic knee muscle strength measurements. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups as regards the demographic characteristics at pre-treatment (P>0.05). However, at 1 and 3 months post-treatment, the scores of all the outcome parameters were significantly improved in the HDP group compared with the CPT group (P<0.05 for all). In both groups, a significant improvement was observed in the VAS scores, WOMAC total values and ROM following the treatments, with the greatest improvement observed in the HDP group (P<0.001). The isokinetic quadriceps peak torque measurements were increased in both groups following treatment. All the scores exhibited a statistically significant improvement in the HDP group at both 1 and 3 months post-treatment. On the whole, the results of the present study demonstrate that both HDP and CPT are effective treatment modalities to relieve pain, and increase functionality and strength in patients with knee OA. However, greater improvements in pain and functionality can be achieved with prolotherapy.

Effect of contraction type at varying angular velocities on isokinetic muscle strength training.

The aim of this study is to determine whether concentric and eccentric isokinetic training performed at certain angular velocities in sedentary individuals is effective only in the angular velocities and contraction type where the training is performed, or at other angular velocities and contraction types that are not being trained. Twenty-eight sedentary individuals (matched according to weight, age and gender) volunteered to participate in this case study. The study was conducted on a total of 56 extremities belonging to 28 individuals (14 women, 14 men) aged between 24 and 60 years. Concentric and eccentric strength tests were performed at 30-60-90-120-150-180°/sec. The participants were randomly divided into two groups as concentric training group and eccentric training group, through stratified randomization matching. The training was done 3 days a week for a total of 6 weeks. At the end of the study, no difference was found between the pre- and posttraining measurements in the concentric training group (P>0.05). In the eccentric training group, the eccentric muscle strength of the knee flexors and extensors at angular velocity of 90°/sec, the eccentric strength of the knee extensors at angular velocity of 120°/sec, and the eccentric muscle strength of the knee flexors at angular velocity of 180°/sec were found to be different and an increase was seen after the training (P=0.032, P=0.049, P=0.041, P=0.032). These results demonstrate that eccentric training may be preferred in cases where muscle strength increase is needed in short time.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Functional Performance in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Investigation of the Relationship Between Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Functional Performance in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

The effects of remnant-preserving anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on proprioception: A prospective comparative study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed by preserving remnant tissue on proprioception and to assess the effects it has on isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, as well as on range of motion and functional scores. A prospective study was conducted with 44 patients who underwent either anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with remnant preservation (study group, n=22) or with remnant excision (control group, n=22) with the use of a 4-strand hamstring allograft. The mean follow-up time was 20.2 ± 1.4 months after surgery. Using an isokinetic dynamometer, proprioception was evaluated with passive joint position perception at 150, 450, and 600, and quadriceps femoris, and hamstring muscle strength were evaluated at speeds of 900, 1800, and 2400 per second. Range of motion was measured using a goniometer. Functional outcomes were assessed using International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee evaluation score and Lysholm knee scoring questionnaires. It was only at 15° of knee flexion that there was a statistically significant difference in proprioception; the median of the difference in the amount of deviation from the target angle between the healthy knee and the operated side was 1.7 (range, 0.7-20.7) in those with remnant preserved, and 2.7 (range, 1-26) in those with remnant excised (P=.016). At 2400/s speed, the mean quadriceps femoris strength was 77.2 ± 24.3 Nm in those with remnant preserved and 67.6 ± 24.2 Nm in those with remnant excised. (P=.048) There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of range of motion, International Knee Documentation Committee, and Lysholm knee scoring. (P > .05) Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated that better proprioception and higher quadriceps femoris muscle strength can be obtained by remnant-preserving anatomical single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a hamstring autograft. Level II, Therapeutic study.

Poster 363: Post-Operative Protein Supplementation following Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review

Objectives: Decreased mechanical loading after orthopaedic surgery predisposes patients to develop muscle atrophy. The purpose of the study was to assess whether oral protein supplementation can help decrease postoperative muscle atrophy and/or improve patient outcomes following orthopaedic surgery. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review was registered with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A search of the PROSPERO registration did not identify similar prior systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Databases were searched during April 2021 and included: MEDLINE (Pubmed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Each search contained a combination of the following terms: “orthopaedic procedures” AND “protein” OR “amino acid” AND “dietary supplements” OR “supplementation” OR “supplement.” Orthopaedic procedures were listed individually using the PubMed index of orthopaedic procedures, as well as using the mesh function to extract articles with orthopaedic procedures listed as keywords. Eligibility Criteria The principal inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials evaluating protein or amino acid regimens as a measure to counteract muscle atrophy following orthopaedic surgery. Articles that evaluated other forms of dietary supplementation or non-orthopaedic procedures were excluded. Control groups included either placebo or a natural history control (i.e. routine post-operative protocol). The scope of surgery was intentionally left broad, to allow for a comparison of protein supplementation effectiveness across different surgical interventions. Each study’s reference list was manually reviewed for additional articles to prevent unintentional exclusion of studies. Two reviewers independently assessed all articles identified by the search strategy and applied the eligibility criteria. Data Extraction The content extracted from each article included: (1) demographic data, (2) protein supplement regimen used, (3) outcomes, (4) complications, and (5) length of follow up. Primary outcomes included functional or physiologic measures of muscle atrophy or strength. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction and time to return to sport or work. Data Analysis Quality assessment of studies was performed using Modified Coleman Methodology Scoring (MCMS). Heterogeneity of study design was noted including differences in protocols, measurement techniques, and outcomes measured, which prevented an adequate statistical comparison for meta-analysis. Results: Fourteen studies including 611 patients (224 male, 387 female) were analyzed (Figure 1). Four surgical cohorts were identified: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), total hip arthroplasty (THA), hip fractures (THA, revision THA, hip resurfacing), and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The ACLR, THA, and hip fracture cohorts were each composed of 3 studies, while there were 5 studies in the TKA cohort. Average length of follow-up was 9 weeks for ACLR, 7 weeks for THA, 10 weeks for hip fracture, and 7 weeks for TKA. Protein supplementation included various combinations of essential amino acids in tablet form or whey protein powder. Placebo supplements were most commonly an isocaloric carbohydrate tablet or powder. Protein supplementation was reported to have beneficial effects across all types of identified surgeries. The primary benefit was decreased muscle atrophy measured by muscle cross sectional area. The most significant difference in muscle atrophy was observed in the final week of follow-up for the majority of studies (average follow up was 8 weeks). Multiple studies also demonstrated improved functional measures, including increased muscle function measured by isokinetic muscle strength. Of note, most participants were involved in some form of formal physical therapy for varying durations after surgery, but this was not standardized across all studies. There were no significant increases in side effects reported comparing protein supplementation cohorts to controls. Of the included investigations, only 2 studies (both for hip fracture) had participants follow a standardized diet. Average MCMS scores for each surgical cohort were as follows: ACLR 55 (fair), TKA 55 (fair), THA 46 (poor), hip fracture 44 (poor). Conclusions: In conclusion, protein supplementation appears to have beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following ACLR, THA, TKA, and surgical treatment of hip fracture. This response often correlates with improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation benchmarks. Further research is needed to establish standardized supplementation regimens and guidelines for improving clinical outcomes in the postoperative period.

Disturbance Rejection Speed Control Based on Linear Extended State Observer for Isokinetic Muscle Strength Training System

Isokinetic muscle strength training is a type of rehabilitation therapy that can effectively improve the motor dysfunction of limbs and enhance joint muscle strength. In active isokinetic training, how to plan the speed reasonably and improve the performance of speed control to fit individualized needs is the core problem of isokinetic muscle strength training equipment control. In this study, a control strategy for isokinetic muscle strength training equipment is proposed, which identifies the user&#x2019;s motion intention and performs speed planning according to the user&#x2019;s motion participation so that the equipment produces a dynamic damping effect. This ensures active interaction between the user and the equipment and meets the force-speed requirements of elbow joint muscle training. To handle the uncertain disturbance in the training process, a linear extended state observer is used to estimate the disturbance term, and a tracking differentiator and nonlinear error feedback control are used to improve the speed tracking performance. The experimental results show that the proposed control scheme realizes effective speed control in isokinetic muscle strength training. <i>Note to Practitioners</i>&#x2014;The bottleneck of isokinetic muscle strength training equipment control system lies in how to plan the speed according to the patient&#x2019;s movement intention reasonably, and how to improve the performance of speed control in the process of rehabilitation training. This paper designs a speed auto disturbance rejection control strategy for isokinetic muscle strength training system with external interference and model uncertainty in practical application. The experimental results show that the performance of the controller is better than the traditional PI controller, and it can realize isokinetic muscle training. This study provides a method for practitioners interested in developing control systems for isokinetic rehabilitation training equipment.

Home-Based Exercise Training and Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus.

This randomized clinical trial aimed to examine the effects of a 6-month home-based, combined exercise training program on Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with diabetes. Twenty-five KTRs (19 men (76.0%), with a mean age of 54.4 ± 11.3 years old, CAN and type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM-II)), were randomly assigned into two groups: A (n1 = 13 KTRs), who underwent a home-based exercise training program for 6 months, and B (n2 = 12 KTRs), who were assessed at the end of the study. A cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), sit-to-stand test in 30 s (30-s STS), isokinetic muscle strength dynamometry, and 24-h electrocardiographic monitoring were applied to all participants, both at the baseline and at the end of the clinical trial. At first, there were no statistically significant differences between groups. After 6 months, group A showed higher values in exercise time by 8.7% (p = 0.02), VO2peak by 7.3% (p < 0.05), 30-s STS by 12.0% (p < 0.05), upper limb strength by 46.1% (p < 0.05), and lower limb strength by 24.6% (p = 0.02), respectively, compared to the B group. Furthermore, inter-group changes at the end of the 6-month study indicated that group A statistically increased the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) by 30.3% (p = 0.01), root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (rMSSD) by 32.0% (p = 0.03), number of pairs of successive NN (R-R) intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50) by 29.0% (p = 0.04), high frequency (HF (ms2)) by 21.6% (p < 0.05), HF (n.u.) by 48.5% (p = 0.01), and turbulence slope (TS) by 22.5% (p = 0.02), and decreased the low frequency (LF (ms2)) by 13.2% (p = 0.01), LF (n.u.) by 24.9% (p = 0.04), and LF/HF ratio by 24% (p = 0.01), compared to group B. Linear regression analysis after the 6-month study showed that there was a strong positive correlation between VO2peak and SDNN (r = 0.701, p < 0.05) in group A. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that KTRs' participation in the exercise program showed favorable modifications to sympathovagal balance and aerobic capacity, as measured with SDNN and VO2peak, respectively. To summarize, diabetic KTRs' cardiac autonomic function and functional capacity can be improved after a home-based long-term exercise training program.

The clinical effect of Huoxue Huayu Recipe combined with ibuprofen in patients with postoperative pain after ankle fracture

ABSTRACT The curative effect of Huoxue Huayu Recipe combined with ibuprofen in the postoperative pain in patients with ankle fractures was analyzed. 68 patients with ankle fractures were divided into study group (n = 34, Huoxue Huayu Decoction combined with ibuprofen) and control group (n = 34, ibuprofen). The levels of inflammatory factors, ankle joint function, VAS score and bone metabolism indexes were compared. Complications, isokinetic muscle strength and clinical related index levels were compared after treatment. High AOFAS score and low VAS score were identified in the study group compared with the control group at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months after operation. Compared to the control group, the incidence of postoperative complications was declined in the study group. After treatment, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in both groups were significantly decreased, and the study group had lower IL-6 and TNF-α levels. After treatment, the torque acceleration energy, relative peak torque value and endurance in the study group were obviously improved. The disappearance time of swelling and pain, fracture healing time, and complete weight-bearing time in the study group were reduced compared to the control group. After treatment, BGP and BALP levels in study group were higher than control group. Huoxue Huayu Recipe combined with ibuprofen can reduce inflammatory factors levels in patients with ankle fracture, improve isokinetic muscle strength and ankle function, and accelerate the recovery of patients.

Early ACL reconstruction shows an improved recovery of isokinetic thigh muscle strength compared to delayed or chronic cases

IntroductionThe recovery of periarticular strength is a major criterion in return-to-play testing. The rationale of the study was to assess the impact of the delay of surgery (∆ between injury and surgery) on knee extensor and knee flexor strength of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient patients six months after reconstruction.Materials and methodsIn a retrospective cohort study, all patients with ACL ruptures between 03/2015 and 12/2019 were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were isolated ACL rupture without any associated lesions undergoing a reconstruction using ipsilateral hamstring tendon autograft and adherence to isokinetic strength testing before and at 5–7 months postoperatively. These patients were then clustered into three groups: EARLY reconstruction (∆ < 42 days), DELAYED reconstruction (∆42-180d), and CHRONIC (∆ > 180d). Knee extensor and flexor strength of the ipsi- and contralateral leg were analyzed by concentric isokinetic measurement (60°/s). Primary outcomes were the maximal knee extension and flexion torque, hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (H/Q) ratio), and the corresponding limb symmetry indices.Resultsn = 444 patients met the inclusion criteria. From EARLY to DELAYED to CHRONIC, a progressive reduction in postoperative strength performance was observed in knee extension (1.65 ± 0.45 to 1.62 ± 0.52 to 1.51 ± 0.5 Nm/kg resp.) and flexion (1.22 ± 0.29 to 1.18 ± 0.3 to 1.13 ± 0.31 Nm/kg resp.) strength on the ACL reconstructed leg. This general loss in periarticular strength was already apparent in the preoperative performance even on the healthy side. When controlling for the preoperative performance using ANCOVA analysis, EARLY performed significantly better than DELAYED (extension p = 0.001, flexion p = .02) and CHRONIC (extension p = 0.005, flexion p < 0.001). Also, there were significantly higher values for H/Q ratio in the injured leg across all groups where the H/Q ratio increased from EARLY to CHRONIC and from pre- to postoperative values.ConclusionsWith respect to the force generating capacity when returning-to-play, it is advantageous to seek for an early ACL reconstruction within the first 12 weeks after the injury. The increasing loss of thigh muscle strength observed in delayed or chronic cases affects the injured and also the non-injured leg.Level of EvidenceIII, retrospective cohort study.

DİZ OSTEOARTRİTİ OLAN HASTALARDA BALNEOTERAPİNİN ERKEN DÖNEM ETKİNLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

OBJECTIVE: Balneotherapy is a non-pharmacological method recommended and used in knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the early-term effectiveness of the physical therapy program applied together with balneotherapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty patients diagnosed with primary knee osteoarthritis were included in the study. Randomization was carried out as a balneotherapy group (n=30) and a control group (n =30) by simple randomization method. In Both groups, all of the patients were treated with a fifteen sessions physical therapy program consisting of a hot pack, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, and ultrasound (1 MHz, 1,5 Watt/cm2). Patients in the balneotherapy group were also treated for fifteen sessions balneotherapy program lasting 20 min/day in addition to the physical therapy program. Patients were assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), WOMAC, and isokinetic muscle testing at the beginning and end of the therapies. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement was observed in the mean scores of VAS, all WOMAC scores, and isokinetic test measurements after treatment in both groups (p&amp;lt;0.001). Comparison of the groups by percent changes showed that; VAS (p=0.047), WOMAC pain (p=0.002), WOMAC stiffness (p=0.004), WOMAC function (p=0.001), WOMAC total (p=0.001) differed significantly in favor of balneotherapy group, no significant difference was found in isokinetic muscle strength measurements (p&amp;gt;0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Balneotherapy combined with a physical therapy program in patients with knee osteoarthritis is effective in reducing pain and increasing physical function in the early period.

The effects of different rehabilitation training modalities on isokinetic muscle function and male athletes’ psychological status after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions

BackgroundPreviously, researchers reported performance enhancements following long-term plyometric training in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (LCA). However, the effects of combined eccentric and plyometric training on measures of isokinetic strength and psychological statues in male athletes have not been examined yet. Knowledge on the effects of combined eccentric and plyometric training help to better plan and program rehabilitations sessions and thus return-to-sports.ObjectiveThis study sought to compare the effects of three different rehabilitation training programs, eccentric training (ECC), plyometric training (PLYO), or combined eccentric and plyometric training (COMB), on psychological measures (kinesiophobia [TSK-CF], functional knee assessment, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score [KOOS], international knee documentation committee 2000 questionnaire [IKDC], and knee flexor and extensor isokinetic muscle performance (peak torque [PT], total work, ratio [R-HQ], and ratio of total work [R-TW]) at different angular velocities post ACL surgery in male elite athletes.MethodsForty elite male athletes from different sports (e.g., athletics, team sports) with ACL reconstruction participated in this study. The study started after a 14-weeks post-surgery rehabilitation program, which was identical for all subjects. After this initial rehabilitation period, athletes were randomly assigned to three experimental groups, ECC (n = 10), PLYO (n = 10), and COMB (n = 10), and a control group (CON: n = 10). Testing was conducted pre- and post-the 6-weeks intervention period and included the TSK-CF, KOOS, and IKDC. Peak torque of the knee extensors/flexors was tested at 90, 180, 240 °/s, after the 6-weeks training program only.ResultsParticipants’ adherence rate was 100% across all groups and none reported any training or test-related injury. No significant between-group baseline differences (pre-6-weeks intervention) were observed for any of the reported psychological and muscle strength parameters. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for TSK-CF (p = 0.001, d = 2.85), KOOS (p = 0.001, d = 1.31), and IKDC (p = 0.001, d = 1.07). The post-hoc analyses indicated that COMB showed larger pre-post improvements for all psychological variables (p < 0.001, d = 2.95 to 13.15), compared with PLYO, ECC, and CON. Contrast analyses demonstrated that COMB yielded significantly greater improvements compared with CON, PLYO, ECC for all isokinetic parameters at all three angular velocities (all p < 0.001, d = 0.99 to 4.61).ConclusionThe results showed that COMB induced greater gains for measures of psychological status and isokinetic muscle strength compared with single-mode PLYO and ECC in elite male athletes during a post-surgery ACL rehabilitation period. Accordingly, it is recommended to implement COMB as an effective rehabilitation means to improve knee function in male elite athletes.Trial registrationThis study does not report results related to health care interventions using human participants and therefore it was not prospectively registered.

The Contralateral Repeated Bout Effect of Elbow Flexors Is Not Observed in Young Women Following Mild Muscle Damage from Eccentric Exercises.

Investigation of the contralateral repeated bout effect (CL-RBE) in women is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed at examining whether CL-RBE exists in women. Twelve healthy women (age: 20.9 ± 2.5 years) performed two bouts of maximal elbow flexor eccentric exercise (3 sets × 15 repetitions per bout) separated by 14 days, using the opposite arms. Surface Electromyography (EMG) was recorded during both exercise bouts. The isokinetic muscle strength (60°/s), muscle soreness, range of motion (ROM), limb girth, and blood creatine kinase activity were measured pre-exercise, and at 24 and 48 h post-exercise with the muscle strength being measured immediately post-exercise as well. Significant main effects of time were observed for muscle strength, muscle soreness and ROM (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between bouts for all the measured variables including the EMG median frequency (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the CL-RBE of elbow flexors was not evident in young healthy women. This was because the mild muscle damage induced by the initial bout of exercise was either not enough to initiate the CL-RBE or the CL-RBE in women lasted shorter than two weeks. This study provides important information for future studies on CL-RBE in women.

Effects of Lumbar Stabilization Exercises on Isokinetic Strength and Muscle Tension in Sedentary Men.

Lumbar stabilization exercises (LSE) lead to high levels of erector spinae muscle (ESM) activation, which has a positive effect on improving physical function. The purpose of this study is to identify factors explaining changes in muscle strength after 7 weeks of LSE and to evaluate changes in stiffness and contraction of the ESM. All participants (male: n = 42, age = 28.26 ± 10.97) were assessed for 60°/s isokinetic extensor muscle strength and tension using a tensiomyography (TMG) and isokinetic device before and after LSE. Maximum displacement (Dm) and average velocity up to 90% Dm (Vc 90) were significantly different before and after LSE. Additionally, participants' 60°/s isokinetic extensor strength was significantly higher after exercise. A regression analysis was conducted to test the explanatory power of the variables, and positive results were obtained in the increase in extensor strength before and after Vc 90 and LSE. Furthermore, statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. After LSE, the increase in 60°/s isokinetic extensor strength and ESM's Dm and Vc 90 can be interpreted as positive changes post-exercise in endurance muscles with a higher percentage of type I fibers. Our results can contribute to predicting the long-term exercise effect in sedentary workers and developing an individualized strategic exercise program.

The effect of neuromuscular and vestibular-ocular reflex training program on balance, isokinetic muscle strength and proprioception in people with chronic ankle instability

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare and investigate the effectiveness of neuromuscular exercise combined with vestibular-ocular reflex training and only neuromuscular exercise training on balance, isokinetic muscle strength, and proprioception in chronic ankle instability (CAI). MethodThe study included 20 patients with unilateral CAI. The functional status was evaluated with the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The star-excursion balance test was used for dynamic balance, and the joint position sense test assessed proprioception. Ankle concentric muscle strength was measured by an isokinetic dynamometer. The subjects were randomly divided into neuromuscular and vestibular-ocular reflex training (VOG, n = 10) and neuromuscular training group (NG, n = 10). Both rehabilitation protocols were applied for four weeks. ResultsAlthough VOG had higher means of all parameters, no superiority was found between the two groups in post-treatment results. However, the VOG significantly improved FAAM scores at the sixth-month follow-up than NG (P < .05). In the linear regression analysis, the post-treatment proprioception inversion-eversion for unstable side and FAAM- S were found to be independent factors of FAAM-S scores at the six months follow -up in VOG. Post-treatment isokinetic strength for inversion of unstable side (120 º /s) and FAAM- S were determined as predictor factors of FAAM- S scores at the six months follow -up (p < .05) in NG. ConclusionThe Neuromuscular combined with vestibular-ocular reflex training protocol effectively managed unilateral CAI. Furthermore, it may be considered an effective strategy for clinical outcomes for a long-term period in terms of functional status.

Isokinetic Muscle Strength Training Strategy of an Ankle Rehabilitation Robot Based on Adaptive Gain and Cascade PID Control

Isokinetic muscle strength training refers to the mode of movement based on constant speed and variable resistance, which can guarantee the maximum resistance and force–distance output of each muscle in different angles of exercise. In this article, we develop an isokinetic muscle strength training strategy based on the adaptive gain and cascade proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller for ankle rehabilitation on our newly developed ankle robotic system. First, a heuristic threshold intention recognition method based on time-series integration was proposed to precisely recognize the motion intention, thus inducing the motion in this direction. Then, an adaptive gain algorithm was developed to provide speed gain for the isokinetic training, to avoid jitter during speed switching. Finally, the isokinetic characteristic was realized by the cascade PID controller, which can control the motion velocity in a given range with fast response speed. Experiments with healthy subjects showed good performance in the smoothness of the control system, the accuracy, and the real-time performance of velocity tracking. By introducing the isokinetic characteristic in ankle rehabilitation, the ankle robot can provide resistance training at a constant speed no matter how much force the patient uses, which is a very functional supplement and improvement for ankle rehabilitation.

The Comparison of Physical Fitness Factors between Korea Water Polo National-team and Reserve-team Athletes

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate isokinetic muscle strength (IMS), anaerobic power, basic physical fitness, and body composition of Korean water polo athletes in the national team (NT) and reserve team (RT).METHODS: Twenty-nine male water polo athletes (aged 22.2±1.9 years) including 14 NT and 15 RT athletes participated in this study. The participants were evaluated for physiological parameters such as body composition, physical fitness, IMS, and anaerobic power. The IMS of the knees and shoulders (60°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s, indicating maximal muscle strength, muscle power, and muscle endurance, respectively) and trunk (30°/s and 120°/s) were measured using a dynamometer (NORM, CSMI, USA). Anaerobic parameters were also measured using the 30-s maximal ergometer cycling Wingate test (Monark, Sweden).RESULTS: No significant differences in the IMS of the knee were found between two groups. Although the IMSs of shoulder flexion at 180º/s and 60°/s were not significantly different between the two groups, the IMSs of shoulder extension at 180º/sec and 60°/s in NT athletes were higher than those in RT athletes (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.01). There were no significant differences between the NT and RT (NS) groups in the left and right knee flexion/extension ratios (H/Q ratio, 60º/sec, 180º/sec). However, a significant difference was found in the right shoulder extension/flexion ratio (E/F ratio) between the two groups. Although height, muscle mass, fat mass, and Wingate anaerobic power were not significantly different between the two groups, the FEV1 and FVC of NT athletes were higher than those of RT athletes, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.01).CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the athletic characteristics of water polo players who pass and shoot and make swimming movements. The difference in the shoulder extensor muscle strength was one of the determining factors for the performance of water polo athletes.

폼롤러를 이용한 일회성 자가근막이완이 중학교 배드민턴 학생선수의 하지 근기능에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to evaluate compare the acute effects of self-myofascial release(SMR), static stretching(SS) and no stretcing(NS) used as part of warm-up on muscular functions of elite badminton athletes in middle school. The subjects were eight male badminton athletes The subjects were classified into three group; SMR group, SS group and NS. The subjects visited three times at two week intervals. All subjects were tested for body composition, physical fitness factors, wingate test, and isokinetic knee functions. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA. As the result of this study, in the vertical jump, the SMR group(p=.005) was significantly higher than the NS group and the SS group. In addition, the SMR group was significantly higher than the SS group for backward flexibility(p=.016). The SMR group(p=.021) was observed a significantly higher dynamic balance than the NS group. In the wingate test, the relative average power was significantly higher in the SMR group (p=.014) than in the SS group. The isokinetic knee muscle strength was significantly higher in the SMR than in the SS in 60°/sec(PT) Right:extension(p=.014) and 60°/sec(%BW) Right:extension(p=.026). The 180°/sec(AP) was significantly higher in the SMR than in the SS and NS in Right:extension(p=.012). The 180°/sec(%BW) was significantly higher in the SMR than in the SS in Left:extension(p=.019) and Right:extension(p=.013). In conclusion, it is thought that SMR treatment before exercise may increase lower body muscle function in badminton players.

연령별 남자 카누선수의 신체조성, 체력요인 및 등속성 근기능 비교분석에 관한 연구

If quantified data are provided to detect canoe players early and improve their performance, positive effects of athletes selection, training methods, and performance improvement can be expected. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare and analyze body composition, basic physical fitness, muscle strength, power, and anaerobic power for male canoe players by age to identify quantitative exercise information and reflect them in training methods as well as provide basic data for improving performance. The subjects classified 29 athletes registered with the Korean canoe association into middle school (n=10), high school (n=8), and general (n=11) by age. Isokinetic peak torque/body weight% and flexor/extensor ratio at 60, 180 deg/sec of the knee extension and flexion were measured using an cybex 770. For the anaerobic power test of the lower extremities, the Wingate-test was performed for 30 seconds. Data analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA. From the results of this study, Compared to ACP group, middle (MCP) and high (HCP) school students have muscle strength (p＜.001) and Abdominal Endurance (p＜.05). We also confirmed higher isokinetic muscle strength and power in the ACP group compared to other groups (p＜.05). The above research results are believed to help leaders or sports scientists evaluate players and train them.

거골하 관절 축 균형운동 재활프로그램이 아킬레스건염 엘리트 운동선수의 발목 동적 안정성과 근 기능에 미치는 효과

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visual analog scale (VAS), dynamic stability of the ankle joint, and isokinetic by applying SJABE to elite player with Achilles tendinitis. The purpose was to investigate the effect on muscle s trength. The s ubj ects o f this s tudy were 22 a thletes diagnosed with Achilles tendinitis and performed SJABE (n=11) and general balance exercise (GBE) (n=11) 3 times a week, 60 minutes each for 6 weeks. For the data of this study, the mean and standard deviation were calculated using the IBM SPSS 22.0 statistical program, and the effect of the subtalar joint axis balance exercise was performed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Paired t-test and verification of differences between groups were performed by independent t-test. In addition, the significance level for all statistical processing was set below α=0.05. Results of the study, SJABE Achilles tendinitis VAS (G: p＜.005, T: p＜.000, G×T: p＜.000), ankle dynamic stability (T: p＜.000, G×T: p＜.008), plantar flexion strength 60°/sec (T: p＜.000, G×T: p＜.000), and dorsi flexion strength 60°/sec (T: p＜.000) were improved. As a result of comparing SJABE and GBE in athletes with Achilles tendinitis, pain scale, ankle joint dynamic stability, and isokinetic muscle strength reduced Achilles tendon pain and improved ankle stability and muscle strength in both groups. Through this study, SJABE was found to be effective in preventing and rehabilitating damage to the Achilles tendon and ankle joint, and it is expected that it will lead to a safe daily life and a quick return to the sports field.