Isokinetic Muscle Function Research Articles

16주간의 복합운동 트레이닝이 골다공증-근감소성 비만 고령여성의 아이리신, 아디포카인, 골대사지표와 기능체력, 등속성 근기능에 미치는 영향

We examined the effects of 16 weeks combined exercise training on irisin, adipokines, bone metabolism markers, functional fitness and isokinetic muscle function in elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity in elderly women. 16 participants who were 65 years of age or older were recruited and were randomly assigned into training group (n=8; TG) and control group (n=8; CG) Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by DXA (Hologic, QDR-4500, USA). Senior fitness tests were 30-s chair stand, 30-s arm curl, chair sit-and-reach, back scratch, 8-foot up-and-go, grip strength, and 2-min step test. Isokinetic muscle strength was measured by isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex 770, USA). Biochemical parameters including irisin, leptin, adiponectin, C/Tx, 25(OH)D, osteocalcin, and PTH were measured. All data were analyzed by SAS 9.4. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Following of combined exercise training, lumbar BMD was increased significantly (p.05) in the training group, while fat mass and lean body mass were not changed in both TG and CG. Significant improvements were obtained for 30-s chair stand (p.001), 8-foot up-and-go (p.01) and 2-min step test (p.05) in the training group. Relative peak torque in left extensor (p.001), flexor (p.01) and right flexor (p.05) at 60 degree was increased significantly between pre-and post-tests. Left extensor relative total work done (p.01), right flexor relative total work done (p.05) and left flexor relative total work done (p.05) at 180 degree were also increased significantly in TG. Combined exercise training improved significantly the level of irisin (p.05) and 25(OH)D (p.05) during intervention period. Our major findings indicate that 16 weeks combined exercise training increased level of irisin, and 25(OH)D and improved lumber BMD, functional fitness and isokinetic muscle function. We can conclude that combined exercise training is effective in preventing osteoporosis and age-related decline in muscle function.

근신경 훈련이 여성배구동호인의 체력요인 및 등속성근기능에 미치는 영향

근신경 훈련이 여성배구동호인의 체력요인 및 등속성근기능에 미치는 영향

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMβ), Physical training and skeletal muscle: a systematic review

AbstractSkeletal muscle mass gain is beneficial in several situations. It improves athlete's performance and quality of life in pathological situations. The existence of different methods that are able to increase muscle mass brings up discussions about nutritional supplements use on physically active individuals. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate is a Leucine metabolite and it's believed to have an anticatabolic effect with different results depending on the type of exercise done. Objective: The objective of this research was to identify and categorize the methodological features and results of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMβ) studies, physical exercise and its effects on skeletal muscle in the last 20 years. Materials and Methods: We carried out a review in the literature using PUBMED and Medline data bases. We analyzed 19 articles from the 4587 initially found, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the selection we analyzed the date of publishing and country of origin, sample size and type, dosage used, exercise protocol and results on skeletal muscle. Results: Most of the studies came from the USA, were published between the years of 2000 and 2005. Most of the papers used only males and the main dosage used was 3.0g/day with resistance exercise, although endurance exercise and untrained individuals showed some interesting results. Data from these studies varied from increase in muscle mass and muscle strength, recovery of isokinetic and isometric muscle function, decrease in lactate dehydrogenase and proteolysis and decrease in creatine kinase. Conclusion We can conclude that although HMβ has some positive effects on untrained individuals, its effects on trained individuals still need further conirmation.

Effect of 4 Weeks' Walking Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction on Inflammatory index, Isokinetic Muscle Function, and Thigh Circumference in Obese Women

Effect of 4 Weeks' Walking Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction on Inflammatory index, Isokinetic Muscle Function, and Thigh Circumference in Obese Women

Evaluation of the isokinetic muscle function, postural control and plantar pressure distribution in capoeira players: a cross-sectional study.

Capoeira is a cultural practice with Brazilian roots that combines several elements including dance, fighting and body rhythm. Because of the diverse elements involved in its practice, capoeira is excellent at developing the physical and social abilities of its players. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical profile of muscle strength, plantar pressure distribution, and postural balance between players and non-players of capoeira. We evaluated 51 subjects who were allocated into two groups: capoeira group and control group. Subjects were evaluated using a baropodometer (Diasu®) and an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex®). When comparing plantar pressure distribution between groups and limbs, there were significant differences in mean load of forefoot (p=0.008) and total load (p=0.001). There were no significant differences between groups and limbs in balance and muscle strength; however, a significant difference was found in quadriceps torque peak (p=0.001) and agonist/antagonist ratio (p=0.001) when comparing these variables between the groups. Capoeira players displayed a tendency to have an asymmetric profile in plantar pressure distribution. No difference was found in balance between groups. Despite the fact that capoeira players showed increased strength of the quadriceps muscle, their agonist/antagonist ratio was more asymmetrical than the control group. IV.

The Effect of Lower Extremity Muscles Strengthening Exercise on Health Related Fitness in Elderly Women - Mainly in Isokinetic Muscle Function and Balance Ability -

본 연구는 24명의 노년기 아쿠아로빅스 회원들을 대상으로 아쿠아로빅스와 하지근력강화 운동을 12주간 지속한 집단(n=12)과 아쿠아로빅스 운동만을 12주간 지속한 집단(n=12)의 신체구성과 평형성 그리고 슬관절 등속성 근기능 요인에 미치는 영향에 대해 비교분석하였다.BR 그 결과, 첫째, 아쿠아로빅스와 하지근력 운동을 복합적으로 실시한 실험집단에서 신체구성 변인 중골격근량 요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며, 둘째, 체력요인을 집단간 비교 분석한 결과 하지근력운동을 12주간 실시한 집단이 근력, 근지구력, 민첩성 능력에서 유의한 향상을 가져온 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 하지 등속성 근기능 요인에서는 슬관절 신전시 등속성 근력 및 근지구력 요인에서 유의한 향상이 나타났다.BR 결론적으로 아쿠아로빅스 운동이 전반적인 체력 향상에 긍정적인 변화를 가져오지만 수중에서의 부력으로 인해 하지근육의 발달을 위해서는 하지근력강화운동프로그램을 병행하는 것이 노인여성의 하지근지구력과 부분적인 체력에 도움을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Assessment of isokinetic muscle function in Korea male volleyball athletes.

Volleyball players performed numerous repetitions of spike actions, which uses and requires strong and explosive force, and control of the muscles of the shoulder, lower back, and legs. Muscle imbalance is one of the main causes of sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess isokinetic muscle functions in male volleyball players. We thus aim to accurately evaluate their muscle functions, and identify the best training strategy to achieve optimal muscle strength balance in future training programs. The participants in this study consisted of 14 male volleyball players. Muscle strength was measured using the isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle strength was evaluated in terms of peak torque and average power, calculated from five repeated measurements at an angular speed of 60°/sec. Three players who were left attackers showed shoulder imbalance, four players showed trunk joint imbalance, nine players had knee joint of extension/flexion imbalance and four players showed left/right imbalance. The results showed that the number of volleyball players with differences between the strength of the bilateral knee muscles, and between the strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles was higher than the number of players with differences between the strength of the shoulder internal and external rotation muscles, and higher than the number of players with differences between the strength of the lower back extension and flexion muscles.

Does Flatfoot Deformity Develop After Transfer of Posterior Tibial Tendon for the Foot Drop Secondary to Peroneal Nerve Palsy?

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Posterior tibial tendon transfer is preferred by many colleagues for cases of drop foot caused by peroneal nerve palsy that are at least a year old with little chance of motor improvement. However, several studies have reported acquired flat foot deformity following tendon transfer, to best of our knowledge, no studies have been performed to assess whether posterior tibial tendon transfer influences occurrence of postoperative flat foot deformity quantitatively. Methods: With IRB approval, a retrospective review was performed. Twenty-four patients were followed for more than 2 years after anterior transfer of TP tendon by one surgeon for the foot drop by peroneal nerve palsy from 2008 to 2013. The mean age was 35.9 years, and the mean follow-up period was 50.5 months. There were 10 female and 14 male patients. The clinical evaluation consisted of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The radiological evaluation consisted of the calcaenal pitch, Meary angle, heel alignment angle. As functional evaluation, isokinetic dynamometer muscle function analysis was performed. Results: The overall FAOS demonstrated a significant improvement from preoperative (55.6 on average) to postoperative measurement (89.2 on average) (P < .01), the ADL and sports subsection of FAAM demonstrated a improvement from preoperative to postoperative measurement (ADL: from 45.6 to 87.3; sports: from 32.8 to 81.5 on average, respectively; P < .01). Radiology revealed that there were no changes in the foot alignment from pre- to postoperative measurement. Postoperative isokinetic strength was significantly lower as compared contralateral normal side. Two patients sustained postoperative complications in the WTHG (16.7%). Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that there was no evidence that loss of the normal function of the tibialis posterior lead change in foot alignment such as flat foot deformity. Transfer of posterior tibial tendon offers successful result for the foot drop secondary to peroneal nerve palsy in selected cohorts, altough long-term peroids follow up would be needed.

Acute Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Judoka Athletes

Indoor athletes have been shown to be prone to vitamin D3 deficiency. The aim of the study was to examine the acute effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function using isokinetic dynamometry. Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Institutional. Adult male white national level judoka athletes (n = 22) who were involved in full-time training. Exclusion criteria were vitamin supplementation, overseas travel to sunny climes, and/or an injury incurred during the last 3 months before testing. Subjects were randomly allocated to the treatment (150 000IU vitamin D3) or placebo and given blinded supplements by an independent researcher. Participants were tested twice, 8 days apart, on a Monday morning before the start of judo training and after 2 days of rest. A 5 to 7 mL of blood sample was collected followed by isokinetic concentric quadriceps and hamstring muscle function assessments on the right leg at 30 and 200°·s. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze isokinetic muscle force and serum 25(OH)D3. Regression to the mean was used to examine changes in 25(OH)D3 levels over the study period. The treatment group demonstrated a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels (34%, P ≤ 0.001) and muscle strength (13%, P = 0.01) between days 1 and 8. No significant differences were found for the placebo group for the same period. A single bolus of 150 000IU vitamin D3 had a significant positive effect on serum 25(OH)D levels and muscle function in vitamin D insufficient elite indoor athletes. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels of indoor athletes should be monitored throughout the year and especially during winter months. Beneficial responses, in muscle strength and serum 25(OH)D3, to 1 dose of vitamin D3 supplementation can be observed within 1 week of ingestion. Muscle strength is linked to serum 25(OH)D levels.

서울 일부 지역 노인들의 등속성 근기능, 유연성, 균형성 측정 및 평가

이 연구는 고령화 사회를 대비하여 노인 체력 향상 프로그램 설계 및 관련 정책을 수립하기 위한 기초 자료를 수집하기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 이를 위해 2013년, 서울 동대문구 소재 노인종합복지관에 등록 중인 노인 52명과 동대문구 소재 대학교 학부 과정에 재학 중인 학생 46명을 연구 대상으로 하여 하지의 등속성 근기능과 발목 관절가동범위, 유연성, 균형성 및 신체조성 등을 측정하였으며, Biodex system IV, Biodex stabilizer system, CNP-5403, Inbody 3.0이 사용되었다. 남자 노인 집단의 평균 연령은 77.13세였으며, 45.85kg의 근육량을 가지고 있었고, 체전굴은 2.97cm로 유연성이 아주 결여되어 있었다. 좌측발의 균형 능력이 우측보다 좋지 않았으며, 발바닥쪽굽힘의 관절 가동 범위는 35도 내외로 정상 범위에서 벗어났다. 전반적인 무릎 폄근과 굽힘근의 근력은 남자 대학생의 50% 정도 수준이었으며, 뒤넙다리근의 결손율이 18.55%로 균형이 깨어져 있었다. 발목 가쪽번짐-안쪽번짐 결손율 또한 23.08%, 19.19%로 나타났다. 여자 노인 집단의 평균 연령은 75.46세로 근육량은 35.68kg이었으며, 체전굴은 11.69cm로 여자 대학생 집단과 비슷하게 좋은 편이었다. 무릎의 동측 근력비가 좌우 모두 50% 미만이었고, 결손율 또한 폄 14.32%, 굽힘 19.73%로 좌우 근력 균형이 좋지 않았다. 발목의 발등굽힘력은 여자 대학생 집단의 62%(좌), 73%(우) 정도였다. 발등굽힘-발바닥쪽굽힘의 결손율이 각각 25.05%, 26.86%, 가쪽번짐-안쪽번짐 결손율이 19.97%, 21.09%로 나타나 발목의 좌 우 근력 불균형이 상당히 심한 것으로 나타났다. 상기 연구 결과들이 실질적인 노인 체력 향상 훈련 프로그램을 제공하고 관련 정책을 수립하는 데 도움이 되기를 바란다. 【The aim of the present study was to compare the strength, balance, and flexibility across two age groups (older adults vs. young adults). The isokinetic muscle function, ankle ROM, trunk forward flexibility, stability, and antropometric data for the elderly and 46 university students were collected. The results indicated that male older adults possessed relatively low flexibility (2.97cm) among the groups and showed better stability in the right foot than in the left foot and $35^{\circ}$ of plantar flexion ROM, which was not in the normal range. Their peak strength at the knee joint was below 50% of their counterpart. They revealed a hamstring deficit of 18.55%, ankle eversion deficit of 23.08%, and ankle inversion deficit of 19.19%. The results indicated that female older adults possessed comparable flexibility compared to female young adults. The reciprocal muscle strength ratio of both knees was under 50%, and the deficit was 14.32% (extension) and 19.73% (flexion). The ankle plantar flexion peak torque was approximately 62% (left) and 73% (right) of WS's. The ankle dorsi flexion deficit was 25.05% and the plantar flexion was 26.86%. The eversion deficit was 19.97% and the inversion was 21.09%. These results will be significant in establishing an elderly fitness enhancement program and policy.】

The Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise as a Warm-up in Isokinetic Muscle function of Knee joint.

The Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise as a Warm-up in Isokinetic Muscle function of Knee joint.

Screening for physical inactivity among adults: the value of distance walked in the six-minute walk test. A cross-sectional diagnostic study.

Accelerometry provides objective measurement of physical activity levels, but is unfeasible in clinical practice. Thus, we aimed to identify physical fitness tests capable of predicting physical inactivity among adults. Diagnostic test study developed at a university laboratory and a diagnostic clinic. 188 asymptomatic subjects underwent assessment of physical activity levels through accelerometry, ergospirometry on treadmill, body composition from bioelectrical impedance, isokinetic muscle function, postural balance on a force platform and six-minute walk test. We conducted descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression including age, sex, oxygen uptake, body fat, center of pressure, quadriceps peak torque, distance covered in six-minute walk test and steps/day in the model, as predictors of physical inactivity. We also determined sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp) and area under the curve of the main predictors by means of receiver operating characteristic curves. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 14%. The mean number of steps/day (≤ 5357) was the best predictor of physical inactivity (S = 99%; Sp = 82%). The best physical fitness test was a distance in the six-minute walk test and ≤ 96% of predicted values (S = 70%; Sp = 80%). Body fat > 25% was also significant (S = 83%; Sp = 51%). After logistic regression, steps/day and distance in the six-minute walk test remained predictors of physical inactivity. The six-minute walk test should be included in epidemiological studies as a simple and cheap tool for screening for physical inactivity.

Effect of kinesio taping on the isokinetic muscle function in football athletes with a knee injury.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in isokinetic muscle function in football athletes with a knee injury with and without kinesio taping. [Subjects] The subjects for this study were 10 football athletes (males) with a knee injury. [Methods] Measurements were performed by using Cybex dynamometer under uniform motion before and after the application of kinesio tape to the quadriceps and hamstring muscle. Maximal concentric knee extension and flexion at three angular velocities (60°/s, 120°/s, and 180°/s) were measured. [Results] A significant difference was found in peak torque and total work of the flexion at 120°/s and 180°/s, as well as in the average power of extension at 180°/s. [Conclusion] Though it is not the main therapy for muscle function in football athletes with injury, kinesio taping was an effective adjunct therapy.

Analysis of isokinetic muscle function and postural control in individuals with intermittent claudication.

BACKGROUND: Intermittent claudication (IC) is a debilitating condition that mostly affects elderly people. IC is manifested by a decrease in ambulatory function. Individuals with IC present with motor and sensory nerve dysfunction in the lower extremities, which may lead to deficits in balance.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure postural control and isokinetic muscle function in individuals with intermittent claudication.METHOD: The study included 32 participants of both genders, 16 IC participants (mean age: 64 years, SD=6) and 16 healthy controls (mean age: 67 years, SD=5), which were allocated into two groups: intermittent claudication group (ICG) and control group (CG). Postural control was assessed using the displacement and velocity of the center of pressure (COP) during the sensory organization test (SOT) and the motor control test (MCT). Muscle function of the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee and ankle was measured by an isokinetic dynamometer. Independent t tests were used to calculate the between-group differences.RESULTS: The ICG presented greater displacement (p =0.027) and speed (p =0.033) of the COP in the anteroposterior direction (COPap) during the MCT, as well as longer latency (p =0.004). There were no between-group differences during the SOT. The ICG showed decreased muscle strength and power in the plantar flexors compared to the CG.CONCLUSION: Subjects with IC have lower values of strength and muscle power of plantiflexores, as well as changes in postural control in dynamic conditions. These individuals may be more vulnerable to falls than healthy subjects.

The effect of peculiar complex core balance training on isokinetic muscle functions of the knee and lumbus.

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effect of peculiar complex core balance training on the isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint and lumbus to provide fundamental data for establishing a training program that focuses on improving the performance and prevention of injury by developing the core and low extremity muscles. [Subjects and Methods] The participants in this study included a total of ten high school athletes involved in a throwing event for over five years. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: The experimental group (N=5) and the control group (N=5). The experimental group underwent peculiar complex core balance training. [Results] According to the analysis of covariance, there was a significant effect of peculiar complex core balance training. Therefore, the isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint and lumbus in the experimental group participating in peculiar complex core balance training was significantly increased compared to the control group. [Conclusion] It is concluded that peculiar complex core balance training had a positive effect on the isokinetic muscle function of the knee and lumbus in throwing event athletes.

An Analysis of Causal Relationship between Isokinetic Muscle Function and One-Leg Maximum Vertical Jump of Elementary Students

본 연구의 목적은 초등학생의 운동기능 평가항목으로 등속성 근력측정이 적합한지를 평가하기 위한 것으로 등속성 근기능 측정과 외발 최대수직점프 측정 시 변인들의 상관관계를 통해 수행되었다. 연구대상은 발목관절의 불안정성이 없는 초등체육영재 15명을 대상으로 하였으며, 모든 피험자들은 60?° /sec으로 등속성 근기능 측정하였으며, 적외선 카메라 6대와 지면반력기, 근전도를 통해 얻은 자료를 Kwon3D XP와 Myoresearch 이용해 산출하였다. 그 결과 선행연구에서 검증된 최대수직점프는 운동기능의 높은 재현성을 가지지만 초등학생들의 경우 하지의 근기능을 통해 이루어지기보다 또 다른 변인에 의해 해석될 수 있다. 따라서 초등학생들을 대상으로 한 등속성 근기능 측정은 운동능력을 평가하는 항목으로 신중히 선택되어야 한다는 결론을 보였다. 향후 연구에서는 중학생, 고등학생, 엘리트 선수와의 비교를 통해 등속성 근기능 측정의 신뢰성을 보다 심도 있게 연구되어야 할 것이다.

Abstract P268: Assessing Physical Inactivity Using Accelerometers in Comparison to International Physical Activity Questionnaire

Introduction: Among the instruments to assess the level of physical activity in daily life (LPADL), questionnaires are cost advantageous and accelerometers are more accurate. Recent studies have shown poor agreement between these methods. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that the combination of the questionnaire and the accelerometer is the best strategy to assess the prevalence of physical inactivity in adults. Objective: To evaluate and compare the prevalence of physical inactivity in adults, identified by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), by triaxial accelerometry and by the combination of both. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one participants older than 18 years were enrolled. After obtaining clinical, demographic and anthropometric data, participants underwent the following assessments: spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, body composition (bioimpedance), isokinetic muscle function, balance (force platform), and six-minute walk test. Participants who obtained the total score < 600 MET-min/wk were considered physically inactive using IPAQ. Those that performed < 150 min/wk of moderate to vigorous physical activity were considered physically inactive in the accelerometer-based method. In the combined method we considered physically inactive those who presented the IPAQ and/or the accelerometer-based criteria. Additionally, for participants who reported practicing aquatic, martial arts or cycling, only the IPAQ total score was considered. We compared the prevalence of physical inactivity and agreement between the methods. Three multivariate logistic regression models for each one of the methods were developed and predictors were mutualy compared. Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity was significantly different between the methods (IPAQ = 10%; accelerometry = 20%, and combined method = 25%). The agreement between IPAQ and accelerometry was poor (kappa = 0.152, p = 0.01). The main predictors using the IPAQ were age, fat mass, family history of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The determinants using accelerometry were age, sex, lean body mass (LBM), family history of cardiovascular disease and smoking. The combined method selected age, sex, LBM, family history of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, peak V’O2 and balance. With the exception of dyslipidemia and family history of cardiovascular disease, the combined method showed better odds ratio values. Conclusion: The combination of the IPAQ and accelerometry to determine physical inactivity was more valid when compared to the aforementioned instruments separately. The prevalence of physical inactivity and its predictors were more consistent in the combined approach in the present study. Our results suggest that the most popular methods for assessing LPADL in epidemiological studies are complementary.

The Change of Lower Limb Isokinetic Muscle Function and Brain Function Indexes of Persons Who have Intellectual Disability in accordance with Taekwondo Training

The Change of Lower Limb Isokinetic Muscle Function and Brain Function Indexes of Persons Who have Intellectual Disability in accordance with Taekwondo Training

Effect of long time whole-body vibration training on muscle function and postural balance

This study intended to identify the effect of the long time whole body vibration exercise on the muscle function and postural balance. The twenties subjects in young people were recruited, and they were classified into WBV and Non-WBV groups. The vibration exercise was conducted 30 minutes a day for 4 days a week for a total 8 weeks, and the vibration protocol were 25Hz frequency and 5mm amplitude. To verify the muscle function according to the long time vibration exercise, the isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint torque was evaluated, while the total work of maximal peak torque to evaluate the enhancement effect of muscular strength, as well as the average power, angle to peak torque, and acceleration time to evaluate the muscular reaction, was analyzed. Also, changes in COP were measured and analyzed to research the functional change of the postural balance. As a result of the experiment, the Non-WBV group did not show changes in the muscular function and postural balance function, while the WBV group showed increased muscular function by 29.11%(maximal peak torque: 17.91%, total work: 26.78%, average power: 39.11%, angle to peak torque: 25.21%, acceleration time: 36.51%), and increased postural balance function by 64.76%.

여대생 발레리나의 슬관절과 족관절의 근기능 평가 및 진단 증례연구

여대생 발레리나의 슬관절과 족관절의 근기능 평가 및 진단 증례연구