Isoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia Research Articles

Effect of neutralizing transforming growth factor B1 on murine Pseudomonas aeruginosa clearance after thermal injury

Introduction. Severe injury associates with immune suppression and increased susceptibility to sepsis, frequently resulting in MODS. Previous study showed thermal injury induces significant increase in plasma TGF-β 1 that might contribute to post-trauma immunosuppression. This study tried to verify whether neutralizing the murine plasma TGF-β 1 following burn injury could lead to improvement of bacterial clearance. Methods. Female C57BL/6J mice, 6–8 weeks old, received a 40% total body surface area (TBSA) burn under 2.5% isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. Mice were divided into four groups: Sham control with TGF-β 1 antibody treatment (Sham + TGFbAb), sham with non-specific IgG treatment (Sham + IgG), burn with TGF-β 1 antibody treatment (B + TGFbAb), and burn with IgG treatment (B + IgG). Mice were resuscitated with lactated Ringer’s solution 0.1 ml/g intraperitoneally and buprenorphine (2 mg/kg subcutaneous) was given for analgesia. Sham and burned mice were subjected to septic challenge with intraperitoneal injection of 5 × 10 7 colony forming units (CFU) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) on postburn day 5 and sacrificed 6 hours later. The whole lungs were collected aseptically from all animals at sacrifice and homogenized in sterile saline. Serial dilutions were plated in tryptic soy agar. CFU were counted after 24 h of incubation. Data are expressed as means ± SEM, and significance was accepted at P < 0.05. Results. Our data showed that TGF-β 1 antibody-treated burn mice has no bacteria grown on the plate (0/6), but TGF-β 1 antibody treated sham mice has significant bacteria growth (6/6). ( P = 0.022 < 0.05) The bacteria growth with the IgG-isotype-treated groups sits in-between (2/5 each). Conclusion. Our data showed neutralization of TGF-β 1 significantly improved the bacterial clearance in burned mice, but worsened clearance in the sham mice. These phenomena indicate that plasma TGF-β plays a key role in immune homeostasis. To keep the optimal level of TGF-β 1 is the key to maintaining effective bacterial clearance.

Anesthesia and analgesia of ornamental birds

Pet birds are frequently viewed as difficult patients for anaesthesia. The present paper revises the current anaesthetic procedures for injectable and inhalant anaesthetics. Currently the method of choice for the anaesthesia of pet birds is the isoflurane inhalation anaesthesia. Special emphasis is given to the preanaesthetic preparations. Fasting is shorter for pet birds than for mammals. Anaesthetized birds are at special risk for hypothermia. Methods for the prevention of heat loss are given. The use of analgesics are recommended both for welfare reasons but also because of the possibility to reduce the concentration of inhalation anaesthetics and therefore the amount of possible exposure of personnel to waste gases.

Cost-effective anaesthesia for outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery: spinal, desflurane, isoflurane or propofol anaesthesia?

Spinal anaesthesia (SA) is widely used in day surgery because it is easy and cheap. But how cheap is SA really, when compared to modern general anaesthesia with short-acting agents? The aim of this study was to compare SA to three modes of general anaesthesia in terms of the total costs of anaesthesia during outpatient knee arthroscopy (KA). There were 173 patients scheduled for elective KA randomised to receive SA with lidocaine, propofol infusion (PA), isoflurane (IA) or desflurane (DA) inhalation anaesthesia. The time spent in the operation theatre (OT) and the time to reach home readiness after postoperative care in the recovery unit (RU) were measured. The material and salary costs for the different anaesthesias were calculated. The total costs for IA and DA were significantly lower ( P<0.05) than those for SA or PA. Inhalation anaesthesia, with either isoflurane or desflurane, is more cost-effective than SA or PA in elective ambulatory KA.

Home readiness after day-case knee arthroscopy: spinal, desflurane, isoflurane or propofol anaesthesia?

In this study, four accepted methods of anaesthesia were compared during out-patient knee arthroscopy (KA). Immediate (<2 h) postoperative recovery was evaluated in terms of pain, sedation, nausea and time for home readiness. 173 patients undergoing elective KA were randomised to receive either spinal, propofol infusion, isoflurane or desflurane inhalation anaesthesia. Postoperative pain, sedation and nausea were recorded at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after arrival in the recovery unit (RU). Discharge readiness was defined as fulfilment of the following criteria in all groups: alert, stable vital signs, able to ambulate, able to take oral fluids, no nausea and pain controllable by oral medication. Postoperative pain, in general, was low in all groups. The spinal patients had significantly lower VAS scores ( p<0.001) than the general anaesthesia patients at 30, 60 and 90 min after arrival in RU. At 120 min the pain level was equal in all groups. No remarkable differences between the general anaesthesia groups were noted in terms of pain and nausea. The overall incidence of nausea was 3.4%. Propofol and isoflurane patients were more sedated at 30 min postoperatively than spinal and desflurane patients. At 60 min postoperatively all groups were alert. The time required for home readiness was significantly shorter in all the general anaesthesia groups (propofol 55 min, isoflurane 56 min and desflurane 46 min) than in the spinal anaesthesia group (168 min) ( p<0.001). General anaesthesia is a practical alternative in elective knee arthroscopy. The immediate recovery profile is smooth with low levels of pain and nausea and home readiness is achieved significantly sooner than after spinal anaesthesia.

In Vivo1H‐NMR microimaging with respiratory triggering for monitoring adoptive immunotherapy of metastatic mouse lymphoma

The metastatic ESb-MP murine lymphoma in DBA/2 mice has been used as a model for investigating metastatic disease and its cure by adoptive immunotherapy (ADI) as monitored by in vivo multislice spin-echo 1H NMR microimaging at 7 T. isoflurane inhalation anesthesia facilitated long measurement sessions, and respiratory gating with a fiber-optic sensor greatly reduced motional artifacts. With T2 weighting (TR = 2 s, TE = 30 ms) mean signal-to-noise ratios of 30 and 15 for kidney and liver, respectively, were achieved in 20 min (100-micron pixels, 1-mm slices, 25-mm field of view). Without the use of contrast agents, metastases with diameters > or = 0.3 mm in the imaged plane could be detected as hyperintense lesions in kidney (contrast ratio ca. 1.4) and liver (contrast ratio ca. 2) with a confidence level of > 98%. For the first time the complete eradication of late-stage macroscopic metastases by ADI could be demonstrated noninvasively by MRI.

A comparison of the effects of propofol-alfentanil versus isoflurane anesthesia on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation

To determine whether intravenous propofol-alfentanil anesthesia provides superior arterial oxygenation (Pao2) during one-lung ventilation (OLV) compared with isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. A prospective, randomized, cross-over study. Tertiary-care university hospital. Thirty adults having either thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery or esophageal surgery. Patients received either propofol-alfentanil infusion anesthesia or one minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane during the initial period of two-lung ventilation and the first 30 minutes of OLV and then were switched to the other anesthetic for the duration of OLV. Arterial blood gases and hemodynamics were recorded during two-lung ventilation and after 20 and 30 minutes of OLV with each anesthetic technique. The mean values (+/- SD) for Pao2 during propofol-alfentanil anesthesia after 20 minutes (222 +/- 100) and 30 minutes (228 +/- 102 mmHg) of one-lung ventilation were not significantly different than after 20 minutes (213 +/- 99) or 30 minutes (214 +/- 96 mmHg) of isoflurane; beta error less than 0.1. Mean heart rate was lower during intravenous (78 +/- 15 min) than inhalation (85 +/- 17 min) anesthesia (rho = 0.03). This study does not support the theory that total intravenous anesthesia will decrease the risk of hypoxemia during OLV.