Standard ISO Research Articles

Approaches for the production of reference materials with qualitative properties—The new International Standard ISO 33406

The number of reference materials (RMs), including certified reference materials (CRMs) characterized for qualitative properties, has steadily increased in recent years. In response, the Technical Committee for Reference Materials of the International Organization for Standardization, ISO/TC 334, developed ISO 33406 to provide guidance to reference material producers (RMPs) on producing qualitative RMs. ISO 33406 builds on the general requirements in ISO 17034:2016 for RMP competence and offers specific guidance on value assignment, assessment of homogeneity and stability, statement of metrological traceability, and measurement uncertainty evaluation for RMs with qualitative property values.

The effects of the professionalization of hosting on service quality: Towards quality standards and certifications within the short-term rental market

This paper explores how the increasing professionalization of the short-term rental market (previously dominated by individual hosts) fosters the implementation of formal quality standards in the sector. It is based on 36 in-depth interviews conducted with different stakeholders of the short-term rental industry in six European countries, namely, Croatia, Cyprus, Italy, Spain, Turkey, and the UK, and at EU level. The article maps different initiatives that outline some quality standards for short-term rentals. We found first, that to implement quality standardisation, it is important to distinguish between private and professional hosts; and, second, that consensus must be reached on: (1) whether quality would be standardised at national or EU level; (2) which governing body should be responsible for quality certifications (e.g., governments or private institutions as in the case of ISO standards); and (3) identification of practices that should be certified (e.g., property facilities/amenities, size, health & safety protection, etc.).

Reading QR Codes on challenging surfaces using thin-plate splines

In real world uses, QR Codes are printed or overlaid on top of complex surfaces, like cylindrical bottles or other daily objects with random topographies that pose big challenges to their readout with the conventional planar algorithms proposed in the standard ISO and implemented in most of the available codes. We propose here a general-purpose method to improve the readability of QR Codes placed on these challenging surfaces, by fitting the topography of the underlying arbitrary surface with thin-plate splines. Then, we compare this new method with other alternatives proposed in the literature, like affine, projective and cylindrical transformations. Results demonstrate that our new approach works well under a variety of arbitrary surface topographies including those assumed in former proposals, and improve their readability by a factor of 4, clearly outperforming state-of-the-art decoders.

Monitoring hydrodynamic vessel performance by incremental machine learning using in-service data

ABSTRACT An adaptive machine learning framework is established for an implicit determination of the performance degradation of a ship due to marine growth, i.e. biofouling. The framework is applied in a case study considering telemetry data of a cruise ship operating predominantly in the Caribbean Sea. The dataset encompasses seven years including three dry-docking intervals and several in-water cleaning events. The COVID-19 period receives special focus due to the drastic change in the operational profile. A main outcome of the study is a comparison of the derived performance estimate to the corresponding results of the industry standard ISO 19030. Additional aspects of the present study include the use of special regularization techniques for incremental machine learning and the increase of transparency through the implementation of prediction intervals indicating model uncertainty. Overall, it is found that the developed machine learning framework shows good agreement with the industry standard underlining its plausibility.

Environmental and Economic Analysis of Reusable and Single‐Use Food Packaging Formats in University Campus Food Services

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to assess the environmental and economic impacts of the various food packaging systems offered in university food services in Canada. Toronto Metropolitan University's food service was chosen as a test case. Three systems exist in this setting: single‐use polypropylene (PP) containers, reusable PP clamshells and compostable bagasse clamshells. The goal is to understand which system has the most favourable impact regarding the Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts' (TRACI 2.1) 10 impact categories and which system is the most financially viable through a cost analysis. The scope includes a cradle‐to‐grave life cycle assessment (LCA) consisting of raw material extraction and production, transportation, usage and end‐of‐life disposal. This study investigates the environmental impact of each packaging system for 10 000 meals consumed by students. This research follows two ISO standards, 14044:2006, and 14040:2006. These standards involve defining the goal and scope, completing a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, completing a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) and interpreting the life cycle. LCI information is extracted using SimaPro v9.0. The study results reveal that the reusable PP clamshell has the least environmental impact when compared to the two other single‐use packaging alternatives for nine of the 10 environmental impact categories. The single‐use PP container has the most significant environmental impact due to its harmful material extraction, production processes and end‐of‐life emissions. The sensitivity analysis determined that if reused a minimum number of 37 times, the reusable clamshell (RU) remains favourable to the single‐use formats in nine of the 10 impact categories. Furthermore, the cost analysis reveals that the reusable packaging format is the most financially favourable when reused 16 times or more. This research concludes that single‐use food packaging options have a more significant environmental impact than reusable PP clamshells. Based on the research findings, purchasing a less harmful detergent, sourcing the packaging locally and reducing the loss rate of reusable PP clamshells could produce an even more favourable environmental impact for the reusable food packaging system.

A Formulation Model to Compute the Life Cycle Environmental Impact of NiZn Batteries from Cradle to Grave

This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the environmental impacts (EI) produced by novel nickel-zinc battery (RNZB) technology, which is a promising alternative for energy storage applications. The paper develops mathematical models for estimating the life cycle environmental impacts of RNZB from cradle to grave, based on an extensive literature review and the ISO standards for life cycle costing and life cycle analysis. The paper uses the ReCiPe 2016 method of life cycle analysis (LCA) to calculate the EI of RNZB in terms of eighteen Midpoint impact categories and three Endpoint impact categories: damage to human health, damage to ecosystem diversity, and damage to resource availability. The paper also compares the EI of RNZB with those of other battery technologies, such as lead-acid and lithium-ion LFP and NMC. The paper applies the models and compares results with those provided by the software openLCA (version 1.11.0), showing its reliability and concluding that NiZn batteries contribute approximately 14 MJ for CED and 0.82 kg CO2 eq. for global warming per kWh of released energy, placing them between lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries. This study suggests that NiZn battery technology could benefit from using more renewable energy in end-use applications and adopting green recovery technology to reduce environmental impact. Further developments can use these models as objective functions for heuristic optimisation of the EI in the life cycle of RNZB.

Implant anchorage: In vivo and in vitro analyses : Clusters for implant anchorage and safety

Aseptic implant loosening is the primary cause of revisions in arthroplasty. Various in vitro and in vivo methods are available for assessing implant fixation and stability. The aim of the Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Network (MSB-NET) is to continuously improve or develop these methods. In vitro analyses are often conducted using static and dynamic ISO and ASTM standards, while RSA, DXA, and EBRA analyses are established in vivo methods for evaluating implant fixation. Primary stability analyses, as well as acoustical methods, provide additional opportunities to detect loosening early and precisely evaluate implant stability. The cluster serves as alink between basic research, clinical practice, and end users to promote in vitro and in vivo methods to improve implant safety.

Quantitative Measurement and Evaluation of High-Resolution Ultrasonic Sound Fields using a Novel Automated Ultrasonic Immersion Scanner

Ultrasonic probes are an integral part of the automated ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) systems to detect and size the defects in a wide range of structural materials in production lines. A complete quantitative assessment of the performance characteristics of an application-specific UT probe is needed to be evaluated on the basis of the international standard DIN EN ISO 22232-2. This requirement of full assessment not only improves the quality assurance of the manufactured probes by evaluating the acceptance criteria but also provides the useful technical information to the end-user to optimize the automated ultrasonic testing on-site. In addition, the evaluation of probe characteristics should be carried periodically throughout their service life. In this work, we developed a novel high-precision ultrasonic immersion scanner to evaluate the full ultrasonic probe characteristics which include the squint angle measurement in three different reference planes (XY, XZ, and YZ), RF-signal and its frequency spectrum at water-steel interface, focal distance, focal range, focal width, focal length and also the angle of beam divergence in different planes of the sound field distribution. In the newly developed UT immersion scanner, for the first time, we successfully integrated the high-precision Hexapod with six axes to achieve a few micrometer (~15 µm) spatial-resolution in the measured sound field patterns and a good angular resolution (~0.05°) in the squint angle measurement. In addition, we used a verified UT instrument in accordance with the standard DIN EN ISO 22232-1 to obtain more accurate amplitude values (±0.5 dB) while scanning a test block. The automated scanning, data acquisition, evaluation, visualization and the automated test report generation are carried based on the standard DIN EN ISO 22232-2. The measured sound beam characteristics of both focused and non-focused application-specific ultrasonic probes with center frequencies ranging from 0.2 - 15 MHz using the pulse-echo technique on a 3 mm half-ball steel reflector are presented. In addition, the measured sound beams of an application-specific 5 MHz multi-element transmit-receive (TR) probe using the 3 mm flat-bottomed-hole (FBH) reflector in a steel reference plate are discussed. Finally, the quantitative analysis of the measured sound field results and the acceptance criteria in accordance with DIN EN ISO 22232-2 are discussed.

Development of a robust welding process for electron beam welding of thick plates for construction of offshore wind turbines

AbstractDue to its high energy intensity and the associated high welding depth, electron beam welding is particularly suitable for welding steel plates with high wall thicknesses. These are used, for example, in offshore wind power systems. However, due to the cooling conditions, the required cold toughness for offshore applications is often not achieved. The aim is to develop S355 ML steels – within the EN10025 4 standard – for welding monopiles for wind turbines. For this purpose, three parameters with different energy input are developed on three steels. The tests are carried out on plates with a wall thickness of 80 mm, whereby a full penetration weld must be achieved. The resulting top and bottom bead of the welds meet the standard DIN EN ISO 13919‐1. The parameters have an energy per unit length of 9.5 kJ mm−1 to 15.5 kJ mm−1. The resulting weld seams have an average width of 5.5 mm to 7.5 mm, and burn‐off of the manganese alloy element is observed, particularly on the top side of the seam. In addition, T8/5 times close to the weld seam of 11 s to 27 s are estimated using a simulation.

Simple and highly accurate measuring method for evaluating the cleanliness levels of laser-cleaned surfaces according to the ISO standard

Surface cleaning is highly demanded in the construction, mechanical, and automotive industries. Laser surface cleaning is increasingly being used due to its advantages such as high selectivity, fast cleaning, and efficient response to many different materials. However, if pulsed lasers with a high peak power are used for surface cleaning, they can damage the surface material if the technological parameters are not controlled appropriately. Therefore, it is necessary to develop accurate and high-speed measurement methods to evaluate the surface quality after cleaning. In this paper, a steel cleaning system using a nano-pulsed laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm was proposed. To evaluate the cleanliness of samples, a simple and rapid measurement system based on image processing was developed. The ISO 8501 standard was chosen as the standard cleanliness level. The surface after cleaning was captured using a scientific camera. The percentage of dark pixels in the captured image was determined using the histogram method. The surface quality after cleaning was determined by comparing it with the cleanliness level of the ISO 8501 standard. Thus, this proposed method is used to evaluate the influence of the average power of the laser source on the cleanliness of the steel surface. This method was observed to be compact, cost-effective, and highly accurate; it also proved to be easy to integrate into cleaning systems.

Воздействие криогенных сред и струйного горения на эпоксидные интумесцентные композиции, предназначенные для защиты оборудования и строительных конструкций нефтегазового комплекса

The article discusses the studies of epoxy intumescent fire-protective coating of steel structures impacted by cryogenic media and jet fire, in accordance with the requirements of the methodology developed at the Orenburg branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, and harmonized with the international standards ISO 22899-1:2021, ISO 20088-1:2016, and ISO 20088-3. The tests have been conducted with the epoxy fire- and cryogenic-protective intumescent composition «Plamkor-5» (produced by JSC Scientific and Production Holding «VMP», Yekaterinburg, Russia). According to the results of the test for resistance of a square-shaped sample with internal dimensions 1500×1500×500 mm and a central shelf made of 10 mm thick carbon steel coated with the fire-retardant composition «Plamkor-5» to cryogenic fluid spill, it has been established that the sample does not reach the critical temperature of minus 49 °C with an actual 22.37 mm dry layer thickness. The average sample temperature at the 60th minute of the test was minus 32.09 °C. The results of the test of a similar sample in order to determine the resistance of the fire-protective composition «Plamkor-5» to a jet fire with an actual 10,89 mm thickness of the protective dry layer have shown that the sample does not reach the critical temperature of 500 °С during 60-minute fire exposure, whereas the average temperature of the sample was only 37 % (184.84 ºС) of the temperature limit value. According to the results of the test for resistance of a steel column shape sample of I-section 25K2 coated with the fire-retardant composition «Plamkor-5» to spill under the pressure of the cryogenic liquid, it has been established that the sample does not reach the critical temperature of minus –49 °С with an actual 23.78 mm dry layer thickness, whereas the average temperature of the sample at the 60th minute of test was minus 48.38 °С. The obtained results are comparable with the effect of the best import analogs; therefore, «Plamkor-5»-based fire-protective coatings can be used for the design and development of fire protection of building structures, at the facilities of the oil and gas industry, in tunnel structures, and civil engineering.

ISO 20022 : A migration strategy in securities markets for corporate events and triparty collateral management

Anyone involved in processing corporate events and triparty collateral management needs automation and efficiency. A general transition to ISO 20022, the latest messaging standard available, will support further automation across Europe. Its rigorous structure and richer content — compared with the legacy standard ISO 15022 — enables efficient use of collateral across European financial markets and a harmonised process for asset servicing. The Eurosystem and the financial community have developed a Single Collateral Management Rulebook for Europe (SCoRE) setting out how to use ISO 20022. The adoption of this rulebook starts in November 2024 and use of the ISO 20022 format will then become increasingly common. The main issue is how long the legacy standard and local formats should run alongside ISO 20022. Market actors have not yet agreed on how long the transition should last because of a collective coordination problem. The result is a situation where everyone is worse off. To overcome this, a market-wide migration strategy is needed based on cooperation and incentives to define the point from which only ISO 20022 will be used. The Eurosystem is acting as catalyst for a common migration strategy to ISO 20022 because of the benefits it will bring to society.

Assessment of the occupational health and safety management system by qualimetric methods

Abstract Requirements of the international standard ISO 45001:2018 were analysed to identify the need for monitoring, measuring and analysing the functioning of the occupational health and safety management system. This analysis has made it clear that the effectiveness of the development and implementation of the occupational health and safety management system depends on the assessment methodology. The study focused on existing studies and publications on the assessment of processes, including those related to occupational safety, assessment methods or qualitative methods, and statistical methods used for assessment. As a result, the topic has been proven relevant, and the goal of the article was determined: to study the possibility of using qualimetric methods for evaluating the labour safety management system. A survey was conducted among workers at a machine-building enterprise to evaluate the occupational health and safety management system. Verbal scales were proposed to process the study results as they allow quantitative ratings to be obtained on the coded scale of the desirability function. The study result is a technique for obtaining a quantitative assessment of the occupational health and safety management system. This technique is universal and can be applied to any enterprise. It can also be used to make managerial decisions regarding the improvement of the occupational health and safety management system.

A Preliminary Evaluation of Alternative Raw Materials for Pellet Production

The study focuses on alternative raw materials available in Latvia and their possible use in pellet production. Laboratory testing to determine the main quality parameters – the moisture content, the ash content, the calorific value and ash melting temperature – was carried out for 13 alternative biomass sources: pine mix pellets (PMP); pellets of wood shavings, synthetic and textile waste mix (SSK); hogweed (Heracleum sosnowsky, HW); the full plant of Solidago canadensis L. (SC); the full plant of Solidago canadensis L. outgrown (SCO); mowed grass from the municipality (MGM); mowed grass from the garden (MGG); chamomile full plant without stems (CF); hemp without roots (Cannabis sativa L., HWR); hemp stems (Cannabis sativa L., HS); hemp leaves with seeds (Cannabis sativa L., HLS); spent grain (SG); damaged spent grain (DSG). The testing and determination of results were carried out according to the methodology set out in ISO standards regarding solid biofuels. The obtained results were compared to the quality parameters defined in ENplus certification for B-class wood pellets in requirements for producers. Additional analysis of chemical composition was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) for the ash of two selected materials - SC and HLS - to gain an insight into possible combustion issues that can occur during the use of these materials. The main issue highlighted by the results is the ash content of alternative materials, which ranges from 1.34% to 11.27%. The other significant issue is the necessity to improve the ash deformation temperature, which was below 1100°C for 5 of the studied materials. Considering this, an algorithm was developed to determine the optimal proportion of alternative material and wood in pellets to achieve a quality comparable to at least B-class wood pellets. The study offers a direction for further research to successfully develop new pellets that could be later used in existing boiler systems, reducing the dependence on wood in pellet production. A discussion on the use, quality and development of alternative material pellets is offered to promote the significance of the topic.

Integration of Acoustic Metamaterials Made of Plastic to Improve Building Acoustics

According to the Waste Management Policy of the European Union, the recycling and reuse of various wastes is considered the most environmentally friendly and advanced waste disposal technology that has the least impact on the environment. By applying the principles of the Circular Economy, plastic waste will extend its life cycle and will be used as secondary materials to create metamaterial structures with improved sound absorption and insulation properties. Acoustic metamaterial resonators, created from plastic, were measured in an impedance tube according to standards ISO 10534-2 for their sound absorbing and ASTM E2611 for their insulating properties. Two types of plastic, PLA and recycled PET-G, were used in acoustic metamaterial 3D printing process. Sound absorption of both PLA and PET-G metamaterials were peaking at 1600 Hz with 0,93 and 0,89 sound absorption coefficient, respectfully. For sound insulation, combined resonator systems were used to control symmetrical wall sound resonance. The aim of this study was to determine plastic potential for use in acoustic structures. The results showed that combined constructions with plastic metamaterials can be integrated into building structures and used as an alternative for improving building acoustics, reducing indoor noise and reverberation time.

Quality accreditation’s impact on effective leadership in healthcare organizations

ABSTRACT Quality improvement is a central objective in healthcare system reform worldwide, requiring healthcare managers' attention and resources to ensure high-quality patient care. Improving quality can be challenging due to various issues healthcare managers must address. Effective methods have been implemented nationally and locally, including external quality assessments. These assessments often rely on ISO standards to certify organizations. However, ISO standards set minimum requirements and assess through document evaluation. In response to these limitations, bodies like The Joint Commission International (JCI) introduced new standards and evaluation methods. This research aims to explore how JCI's method can enhance managerial performance in improving organizational quality. A qualitative approach is used, conducting semi-structured interviews with selected CEOs of JCI-accredited healthcare organizations in Italy. Interviews investigated three key areas: (1) the role of quality accreditation in defining managerial responsibilities, (2) how it can enhance organizational leadership, and (3) its impact on achieving performance goals. Main findings show that leadership plays a crucial role in improving quality in healthcare organizations, creating the conditions and commitment necessary to ensure effective actions. Respondents acknowledge the importance of quality improvement in effectively and efficiently managing the organization, with quality perceived as an integral part of the managerial process.

Quantification of the environmental impact of radiotherapy and associated secondary human health effects: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis and simulation

The health-care industry is a substantial contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet the specific environmental impact of radiotherapy, a cornerstone of cancer treatment, remains under-explored. We aimed to quantify the emissions associated with the delivery of radiotherapy in the USA and propose a framework for reducing the environmental impact of oncology care. In this multi-institutional retrospective analysis and simulation study, we conducted a lifecycle assessment of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for ten anatomical disease sites, adhering to the International Organization for Standardization's standards ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. We analysed retrospective data from Jan 1, 2017, to Oct 1, 2023, encompassing patient and staff travel, medical supplies, and equipment and building energy use associated with the use of EBRT at four academic institutions in the USA. The primary objective was to measure the environmental impacts across ten categories: greenhouse gases (expressed as kg of carbon dioxide equivalents [CO2e]), ozone depletion, smog formation, acidification, eutrophication, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic potential, respiratory effects, fossil fuel depletion, and ecotoxicity. Human health effects secondary to these environmental impacts were also estimated as disability-adjusted life years. We also assessed the potential benefits of hypofractionated regimens for breast and genitourinary (ie, prostate and bladder) cancers on US greenhouse gas emissions using an analytic model based on the 2014 US National Cancer Database for fractionation patterns and patient commute distances. We estimated that the mean greenhouse gas emissions associated with a standard 25-fraction EBRT course were 4310 kg CO2e (SD 2910), which corresponded to 0·0035 disability-adjusted life years per treatment course. Transit and building energy usage accounted for 25·73% (1110 kg CO2e) and 73·95% of (3190 kg CO2e) of total greenhouse gas emissions, respectively, whereas supplies contributed only 0·32% (14 kg CO2e). Across the other environmental impact categories, most of the environmental impact also stemmed from patient transit and energy use within facilities, with little environmental impact contributed by supplies used. Hypofractionated treatment simulations suggested a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions-by up to 42% for breast and 77% for genitourinary cancer-and environmental impacts more broadly. This comprehensive lifecycle assessment of EBRT delineates the environmental and secondary health impacts of radiotherapy, and underscores the urgent need for sustainable practices in oncology. The findings serve as a reference for future decarbonisation efforts in cancer care and show the potential environmental benefits of modifying treatment protocols (when clinical equipoise exists). They also highlight strategic opportunities to mitigate the ecological footprint in an era of escalating climate change and increasing cancer prevalence. Mount Zion Health Fund.

Design and Realization of Fully Automatic Pump Performance Test System

With the development of automation technology, it gradually replaces manual labor in various fields. Pumps are widely used in various production processes in the industrial field. To enhance the automation level of the pump production and testing process will significantly reduce production costs. This paper aims to design and realize a set of fully automatic, high-precision pump performance testing system. The fully automated operation of the performance test is designed according to the flow rate automatic sampling method, to achieve the accurate measurement of the pump operating conditions. Utilizing the PID algorithm, the valve is automatically adjusted through PLC control to realize the accurate positioning of the flow measurement point. With the help of the software program to carry out the calculation and analysis of test data, to achieve the visualization of the test process of the whole performance test data management. At the same time, SQL Server database is used to realize rapid query and management of test data. After the test verification, the system realizes the full-automatic measurement of the pump performance curve, and the measurement accuracy conforms to the standard of ISO 9906:2012.

Mechanical Characterization of Recyclable and Non-Recyclable Bio-Epoxy Resins for Aerospace Applications

The use of composites in the aerospace industry has been increasing exponentially. However, conventional epoxy resins, derived from petroleum sources, are not sustainable, making them non-degradable and environmentally harmful. In order to foster a sustainable environment, replacing conventional thermoset epoxies with bio-sourced carbon epoxies is imperative. With the enhancement in technology, it is possible to combine vegetable oils or bio-based copolymers with resins to make it recyclable in nature. Hence, it is necessary to study bio-based epoxies and carry out material characterization and see how they behave differently from conventional epoxies. This study examines the mechanical properties of different types of epoxy resins, which includes conventional, recyclable, and non-recyclable bio-epoxies. Tensile, bending, fracture toughness, and compression tests are performed in accordance with ASTM and ISO standards. The results show that the recyclable bio-epoxy exhibits comparable or superior properties when compared with conventional and non-recyclable bio-epoxies, particularly in terms of impact resistance. Recyclable epoxy, examined in the current study, shows a 73% higher strain energy release rate as compared to conventional epoxy. These results suggest that bio-epoxies could serve as a viable alternative to conventional epoxy.

THE INNOVATION OF GOVERNMENT RISK MANAGEMENT MITIGATION FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

Purpose: The dynamics and complexity of governance in disaster management in Indonesia require disaster management through the implementation of GRC (Governance, Risk, Compliance). integrated. The aim of this research is to assess the readiness of GRC innovation in disaster management through risk management mitigation, supporting infrastructure, and developing an integrated GRC implementation development plan. Theoretical reference and Method: Types of qualitative and quantitative research through surveys, distribution of questionnaires, collection of regulatory documents and GRC system policies in an integrated manner, reinforced by interviews with respondents, use of GRC system infrastructure design through infrastructure preparedness in facing disasters which are formulated in the form of policy proposal frameworks and guidelines that refer to against the ISO Handbook Integrated Use of Management System Standard, an action examination (PDCA) sample of 124 respondents. Results and Conclusion: The research results can be explained: 1) The creation of risk management guidelines resulting from integrated GRC practices in disaster risk mitigation has not been standardized. 2) The infrastructure design resulting from a study regarding readiness to implement integrated GRC in government in disaster management in Indonesia has not been implemented in general. 3) Based on the results of the Delphi method, the implementation of GRC has not been integrated. Implications of research: The implications of the research results can be used as recommendations for risk management stakeholders in making decisions based on the implementation of integrated G/R/C. Measuring the level of effectiveness uses a maturity model approach (Maturity Assessment) according to ISO standards. Originality/value: Originality: This research contributes to the implementation of integrated GRC 1) risk management guidelines resulting from integrated GRC practices 2) Infrastructure design resulting from studies regarding disaster management in Indonesia. 3) Delphi method, GRC implementation is not yet integrated.