Island Off Research Articles

Incipient ferralization and weathering indices along a soil chronosequence in Taiwan

The low hilly topography of Green Island, a volcanic island off southeastern Taiwan, includes an altitudinal sequence of sub‐horizontal benches. We examined eight profiles along this sequence, ranging from pale brown loamy coral sand on the lowest bench that fringes the coast at an elevation of about 10 m to deep, intensely red and acid clay on the highest bench at about 240 m. Chemical analyses, differential Fe extractions, thin sections, X‐ray diffraction of the clay minerals and indices of pedochemical weathering and strain indicated that soil development progressed by weathering of primary and secondary phyllosilicates through argilluviation in the intermediate stages to the generation of increasing quantities of free Fe. The Fe accumulates as free sesquioxides, which crystallize with age. Taxonomically the soil types progress from sandy coral Arenosol, through Eutric Cambisol, Hypereutric Lixisol and Acrisol to incipient Ferralsol (Udipsamment → Eutrudept → Udalf → Udultisol → Udox in Soil Taxonomy). The profiles are interpreted as a chronosequence, although this is complicated by minor and upwardly diminishing contributions of reef coral to the mainly igneous parent materials. There are also variations in the andesitic‐basaltic bedrock, and minor aeolian inputs in the higher and older soil types. Regional eustatic sea‐level correlations, 14C dating of carbonates on the two lowest benches and estimates of local tectonic uplift indicate that the incipient Ferralsols on the upper bench might date from about 150 ka. The transition through argilluvial Acrisols to incipient sesquioxide‐dominated Ferralsols appears, therefore, to develop within 100–200 ka on Green Island, which is faster than usual.HighlightsGreen Island (Taiwan) has been volcanically dormant but tectonically active for 2 million years. The island has a toposequence of bevelled surfaces with relatively uniform andesitic regoliths. The soils of the surfaces form a chronosequence from Arenosols through Acrisols to incipient Ferralsols. The transition from argilluvial to ferralitic pedogenesis, at 100–200 ka, is relatively rapid.

Alaska's Sablefish Fishery after Individual Fishing Quota (IFQ) Program Implementation: an International Economic Market Model

AbstractAlaska is the world's principal supplier of Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria, a buttery‐flavored whitefish greatly prized in Japan. Sablefish are distributed from Baja California to western Japan, but the majority of commercial catches are from the Gulf of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands off Alaska. The volume and value of landings of this long‐lived demersal fish are comparable to those of the well‐known Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis. As with Pacific Halibut, Alaska region catches of Sablefish are managed under an individual fishing quota (IFQ) program implemented in 1995. We present a simultaneous‐equation market model for Sablefish and use it to examine the linkages between landings volume and exvessel prices and revenues, including the sensitivity of Alaska exvessel prices and revenues to changes in landings, the implementation of IFQs, and changes in the Japanese economy. The model simulations indicate that markets could absorb substantially more Sablefish than can be sustainably harvested from the current stock of Sablefish in the Alaska region. However, sluggishness in the Japanese economy has resulted in overall downward pressure on Alaska region Sablefish exvessel prices. The model simulations indicate that the implementation of IFQs in this fishery significantly increased exvessel revenues as a consequence of the longer seasons that resulted from the end to the “race for the fish.” In addition, we find that implementation has helped buffer the fishery against revenue losses associated with reduced catch limits triggered by the decline of Sablefish biomass in the Alaska region.Received May 18, 2015; accepted March 1, 2016 Published online July 14, 2016

The EU Global Strategy: More Modest, Equally Challenging

Within days of a vote on an island off continental Europe that shocked the world, the release of the EU’s Global Strategy reflected a sober assessment of Europe’s position in the world, and provide...

Fog drip maintains dry season ecological function in a California coastal pine forest

AbstractFog drip is recognized as an important source of water for many ecosystems that often harbor a disproportionate fraction of endemic species. Characterizing and quantifying the ecological importance of fog drip in these ecosystems requires a range of approaches. We report on a multi‐faceted study of Bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don) along a coastal‐inland transect on an island off Southern California. Hourly sampling included micrometeorology, sap flux, and soil moisture. Monthly measurements included changes in tree girth, plant water stress, and isotopic values of fogwater, rainwater, and xylem water. These data show that summertime fog drip clearly affected soil moisture and maintained aspects of tree function, including leaf water relations, sap flux dynamics, and growth rates. Although water from fog drip to the soil surface was occasionally taken up by pine trees, as quantified with isotopic measurements and a Bayesian mixing model, this utilization of fog drip was highly variable in space and time. The proportion of fogwater inferred to have been used is also much less than has been demonstrated in more mesic coastal forest ecosystems using isotopic methods. These results thus suggest high ecosystem sensitivity to even moderate amounts of fog drip, a finding with important implications as climate change differentially affects fog and rain patterns.

Ancient high-energy storm boulder deposits on Ko Samui, Thailand, and their significance for identifying coastal hazard risk

Coastal geomorphic processes associated with high-energy storm events are difficult to estimate over recent geological history, though their frequency and magnitude are important to assess in order to understand present-day coastal vulnerability. Studying ancient coastal boulder deposits can shed light on the previous physical conditions necessary for their deposition. In this study, we estimated the physical processes required to move reef-derived coral boulders on the east coast of Ko Samui, a rapidly developing tourist island off eastern peninsular Thailand. The position and dimensions of 97 coral boulders (weight: mean 2.9t, max. 12.7t; transport distance: max. 125m) were measured at two sites and dated using uranium/thorium methods. Flow velocities of 2.3–8.6m/s were required to transport the measured boulders, with individuals deposited up to 4.7m above mean sea level. Age-dating suggests that events capable of the highest flow velocities occurred around AD 1600 and AD 1750. These were probably driven by tropical cyclones (typhoons). Boulder transport by events of similar magnitude has not been detected within the last 250years. The non-occurrence of similar events in living memory has implications for hazard perceptions at this important tourist destination. However, there is also evidence of substantial Holocene sea-level changes in the Gulf of Thailand, as observed at nearby Ko Phaluai. This potentially offers a challenge for the interpretation of older boulders dating from the mid-Holocene, as sea level may have been more than 2m higher than present. Thus, studies using coral boulders as a proxy for past storm-wave conditions must consider the broader sea-level history, and are probably best limited to the period post-2000BP in the Gulf of Thailand.

A dynamical model of Kara Sea land‐fast ice

AbstractThis paper introduces modifications to the traditional viscous‐plastic sea‐ice dynamical model, which are necessary to model land‐fast ice in the Kara Sea in a realistic manner. The most important modifications are an increase in the maximum viscosity from the standard value of to , and to use a solver for the momentum equation capable of correctly solving for small ice velocities (the limit here is set to m/s). Given these modifications, a necessary condition for a realistic fast‐ice simulation is that the yield curve give sufficient uniaxial compressive strength. This is consistent with the idea that land‐fast ice in the Kara Sea forms primarily via static arching. The modified model is tested and tuned using forcing data and observations from 1997 and 1998. The results show that it is possible to model land‐fast ice using this model with the modifications mentioned above. The model performs well in terms of modeled fast‐ice extent, but suffers from unrealistic break‐ups during the start and end of the fast‐ice season. The main results are that fast ice in the Kara Sea is supported by arching of the ice, the arches footers resting on a chain of islands off shore.

Description of Heliocypha vantoli spec. nov. from Siberut in the Mentawai Islands (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae).

Heliocypha vantoliHämäläinen,spec. nov.[holotype♂from Indonesia, Mentawai Islands (off Sumatra), Siberut Island, 29-31 January 2013, deposited at RMNH, Leiden, The Netherlands] is described and illustrated for both sexes and comparedwith theHeliocyphaspecies found in Sumatra and adjacent small islands. Notes on the Odonata fauna of the Mentawai Islands are also provided. Euphaea aspasiaSelys, 1853 (Euphaeidae) is recorded as new to these islands; differences in the colour pattern of the Siberut and mainland Sumatran specimens are briefly discussed.

“The Distance between Them”: Sheep, Women, and Violence in Evie Wyld’s <em>All the Birds, Singing</em> and Barbara Baynton’s <em>Bush Studies</em>

In recent years, animals in contemporary Australian writing and culture have been of considerable interest to scholars and writers. Anna Krien and Delia Falconer have raised questions about their ethical treatment and preponderance of animal metaphors in Australian fiction and poetry in essays for general readers, while J. M. Coetzee's representation of dogs has been significant area of recent inquiry in academic scholarship. Dogs' salience as metaphors in Disgrace (1999) has been noted by James Ley, as has relationship between human and animal rights, embodiment and belief in Elizabeth Costello (2003) in essays by Elizabeth Anker and Fiona Jenkins. recent interest in animals in Australian context has also become manifest in series of novels, many of them by women, such as Michelle de Kretser's Lost Dog (2007), Eva Hornung's Dog Boy (2009), Gillian Mears's Foal's Bread (2012), Carrie Tiffany's Mateship with Birds (2012), and Charlotte Wood's Animal People (2011).In following, I extend discussion of animals in Australian fiction to examine relationship between women and sheep in Evie Wyld's1 second novel, All Birds, Singing (2013), which won Miles Franklin Literary Award in 2014. Although novel was widely reviewed,2 scholarship on book is scant. I situate this novel in relation to Barbara Baynton's nineteenth-century collection of stories Bush Studies (1902), with particular focus on Billy Skywonkie and The Chosen Vessel. I suggest that Baynton and Wyld each establish series of shifting connections between women and animals, so that they are at times conflated in terms of their phenomenological experience of world and are at other times distanced from each other.Both Wyld and Baynton participate in an Australian tradition of writing about bush. Susan Sheridan argues in her 1995 monograph that in order to be considered an authentic Australian author, women writers, in particular, need to engage with the masculine of The Bush, place which is rendered as alien and hostile and as testing ground for men: Women [. . .] cannot be writers, Australians and women all at once. Only if they contribute to this masculine construction of 'The Bush' they be redeemed from frailties of their gender (32). Although Sheridan's statement about difficulties faced by Australian women writers does not have same currency it had twenty years ago-since 2011, Miles Franklin Literary Award has been won by three women3-through use of bush setting and its iconic animal, sheep, Wyld's novel is engaging with this Australian literary tradition. Further, All Birds Singing be construed as an antipastoral that is indebted to Baynton's depiction of bush as place of hardship and violence. antipastoral, according to Terry Gifford, involves portrayal of natural world that can no longer be constructed as 'land of dreams' and in which characters undergo a bleak battle for survival without divine purpose (120).This essay examines representations of violence, largely directed toward sheep and women in texts under discussion, as means of thinking about what explicit representations of violent acts imply about relationships between humans and animals in bush. First, I discuss how sheep are represented in All Birds, Singing and in Billy Skywonkie before examining conflation and distance in relation to women's and animal's bodies and turning to more detailed analysis of scenes of slaughter.All Birds, Singing is narrated by young woman called Jake, who is farmer on an unnamed island off coast of England. chapters set on island, which are written in past tense, center on Jake's attempts to determine identity of creature that is killing her sheep. These chapters are interspersed with sections set in rural Australia, which are Jake's recollections, and unfold in present tense and reverse chronological order. …

離島移住者の定住志向とその要因

Although measures to attract newcomers to rural areas facing depopulation are drawing increasing attention, many of these new residents leave within a few years. To counter this situation, it is necessary to investigate what determinants work for the settlement of newcomers in rural areas. This paper explored these determinants by focusing on a remote island off Niigata, where a population increase has been observed. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of newcomers to this island. We employed a rank logit model to identify factors that promote the settlement of newcomers by considering when they came to the island, factors related to daily life, and the availability of jobs. The estimation results revealed that factors in daily life such as childcare and closeness of the local community worked positively in increasing the likelihood that the newcomers would remain in the community, but there was no correlation with the time of their arrival on the island.

New records of Chondrilla australiensis and Chondrilla grandistellata (Demospongiae: Chondrosida: Chondrillidae) from Havelock Island, South Andaman, India

<p>The genus <em>Chondrilla</em> is reported from the Andaman group of Islands off Havelock Island for the first time, with two species, <em>C. grandistellata</em> and <em>C. australiensis</em> in this study. This genus has previously been reported and represented by four species in Indian waters viz., <em>Chondrilla mixta, C. sacciformis, C. kilakaria </em>and<em> C. australiensis.</em> <em>C. australiensis</em> is light brown to reddish-brown in colour; encrusts primarily on live boulder corals; contains oxyasters measuring 14.8-(18.5)-22.2 µm and spherasters measuring 17.3-(26)-29.7 µm. <em>C. grandistellata</em> is tan or brown in colour with unevenly distributed white speckles; Contains large spherasters that measure 106.3-(143.3)-175.6 µm. In this study it is suggested that <em>C. sacciformis</em> specimens reported previously from India may be <em>C. grandistellata</em>; this probable conspecificity is also discussed. </p><div> </div>

Dynamics of infection with Wolbachia in Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during invasion and establishment

The process of loss or gain of parasites during invasion of new lands is not well understood. The alfalfa weevil Hypera postica is an invasive pest of various leguminous crops and consists of three major mitochondrial haplotypes, ‘Western’, ‘Egyptian’ and ‘Eastern’. The Western strain is infected with the endosymbiotic proteobacteria Wolbachia, that cause unidirectional complete reproductive incompatibility, in its native (Europe) and an introduced (the United States) ranges. However, our preliminary screening of a few introduced populations in Northern Kyushu, southwestern Japan, failed to detect Wolbachia from the Western strain. A larger-scale and historical assessment of Wolbachia infection may allow to estimate when and how the bacteria were lost, and current geographical distribution of infection among host haplotypes. In this study, we aim to assess the Wolbachia-infection status of H. postica populations throughout Northern Kyushu, where H. postica invasion to Japan was first found. A total of 228 individuals from seven regions in Northern Kyushu collected in different time periods from 1982 to 2015 and 14 individuals from Europe were subjected to PCR diagnostics for Wolbachia. Wolbachia from the Western strain was not detected, irrespective of the time periods and geographic areas in Northern Kyushu. We found ‘Egyptian’-strain H. postica collected most recently from an island off Kyushu harboured a supergroup-B Wolbachia variant. This variant was genetically different from the European Wolbachia variant infecting Western-strain H. postica. The infection was new to the Egyptian haplotype and was estimated to have taken place independently of the loss in the Western strain.

Local and Regional Impacts of Pollution on Coral Reefs along the Thousand Islands North of the Megacity Jakarta, Indonesia.

Worldwide, coral reefs are challenged by multiple stressors due to growing urbanization, industrialization and coastal development. Coral reefs along the Thousand Islands off Jakarta, one of the largest megacities worldwide, have degraded dramatically over recent decades. The shift and decline in coral cover and composition has been extensively studied with a focus on large-scale gradients (i.e. regional drivers), however special focus on local drivers in shaping spatial community composition is still lacking. Here, the spatial impact of anthropogenic stressors on local and regional scales on coral reefs north of Jakarta was investigated. Results indicate that the direct impact of Jakarta is mainly restricted to inshore reefs, separating reefs in Jakarta Bay from reefs along the Thousand Islands further north. A spatial patchwork of differentially degraded reefs is present along the islands as a result of localized anthropogenic effects rather than regional gradients. Pollution is the main anthropogenic stressor, with over 80% of variation in benthic community composition driven by sedimentation rate, NO2, PO4 and Chlorophyll a. Thus, the spatial structure of reefs is directly related to intense anthropogenic pressure from local as well as regional sources. Therefore, improved spatial management that accounts for both local and regional stressors is needed for effective marine conservation.

Transterritorial Currents and the Imperial Terripelago

Transterritorial Currents and the Imperial Terripelago Craig Santos Perez (bio) Growing up on the Pacific Island of Guåhan (Guam), I learned American history and geography. To memorize the states and capitals, I studied a political map in which the continental United States was represented as a large island against a blue background. On the bottom left corner of the map, Alaska appeared as an island off California, and Hawai‘i appeared as a group of islands off the southern coast of Texas. America was not a continent; America was an “imperial archipelago.”1 In fact, while the United States remains largely thought of as a continental power, it is literally “the largest overseas territorial power in the world,” governing more than four million people outside the continent.2 A more complete political map of the discontiguous American Empire would include Guåhan, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. One might even add the former territories of Cuba and the Philippines. If we map the international network of American military bases and embassies, then the map more truly reflects America’s global archipelago. To navigate the complex coordinates of empire, several scholars have articulated an “Archipelagic American Studies.” For example, Brian Russell Roberts writes: “No epic of continental exceptionalism affords analytical priority to the continental Americas over the archipelagic Americas. The meta-archipelagic frame—as it evokes interconnections among radically distant and disparate islands—encourages the visualization of overlapping, contingent meta-archipelagoes.”3 This archipelagic turn offers a promising analytic to navigate the transnational, transatlantic, transpacific, transindigenous, and transhemispheric turns in the now discontiguous archipelago of American studies. Even though the idea of the archipelago offers a “vision of bridged spaces rather than closed territorial boundaries”4—emphasizing how the continent is produced in relation to islands—it remains essential to foreground the history and processes of territoriality that structure the origins and ongoing formations of American Empire. The word territory derives from the Latin [End Page 619] territorium (from terra, “land,” and -orium, “place”). Territorium may derive from terrere, meaning “to frighten”; thus, another meaning for territorium is “a place from which people are warned off.”5 With this in mind, I propose a new term, terripelago (which combines territorium and pélago, signifying sea), to foreground territoriality as it conjoins land and sea, islands and continents. In Does the Constitution Follow the Flag? The Evolution of Territoriality in American Law, Kal Raustiala describes “territoriality” as the organizing principle and central phenomenon of modern government, international law, and global empire. Territoriality refers to “the organization and exercise of power over defined blocs of space. At the core of contemporary statehood is the idea … that each sovereign state has its own discrete and exclusive territory.” The principles and processes of territoriality, however, are often rearticulated, contested, and in flux. Raustiala points to these variations when prefixing territoriality into “extraterritoriality” (when “domestic law extends beyond sovereign borders”) and “intraterritoriality” (when “different areas within a sovereign state have distinct legal regimes”).6 Indeed, mapping the American imperial terripelago draws our attention to the shifting histories of territorial regimes, including incorporated territories (states), unincorporated territories, trust territories, commonwealth territories, freely associated states, tribal territories, and federal territories. Patrick Wolfe argues in “Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native” that “territoriality is settler colonialism’s specific, irreducible element.”7 However, the analysis should be extended, for even though the logic of elimination is premised on the procurement, occupation, and maintenance of land, territoriality is more than land. Territoriality signifies a behavioral, social, cultural, historical, political, and economic phenomenon. Territoriality demarcates migration and settlement, inclusion and exclusion, power and poverty, access and trespass, incarceration and liberation, memory and forgetting, self and other, mine and yours. Humans, animals, plants, and environments all struggle over territoriality. Today, nearly every country and population in the world is entangled in territorial struggles over lands, waters, resources, representations, and rights.8 Territorialities are shifting currents, not irreducible elements. The structure of marine currents (surface currents, crosscurrents, undercurrents, rip currents, ebb currents, flood currents) has the power to move the ocean and transform global...

Foraging ecology of a reintroduced population of breeding Bald Eagles on the Channel Islands, California, USA, inferred from prey remains and stable isotope analysis

Successful management of reintroduced populations requires recognizing that ecological conditions may have changed between extirpation and reintroduction. For example, characterizing dietary patterns of generalist apex predators in the past and present can help to define how their functional role may change as translocated populations grow. We identified prey remains collected from Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nests and used carbon (d 13 C) and nitrogen (d 15 N) stable isotope analysis to quantify diet composition of the recently reintroduced Bald Eagle population on the Channel Islands off southern California, USA. We collected .6,000 prey items from recently occupied nests on Santa Catalina, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Anacapa islands in 2010 and 2011. Prey identification and stable isotope analysis yielded similar results and showed that eagles on Santa Catalina Island consumed a high proportion (~60%) of marine fish and a lower proportion (25–30%) of seabirds, while their counterparts on the Northern Channel Islands consumed equal proportions (~40–45%) of these prey types. Terrestrial resource use was low with the exception of eagles from one nest on Santa Catalina Island, where eagles primarily consumed ground squirrels and freshwater fish. We suggest that a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors is responsible for the interisland differences in Bald Eagle diet. Bald Eagle interactions with a robust recreational fishery off Santa Catalina Island may enhance access to fish species that are not available to eagles on the Northern Channel Islands, where the availability of breeding seabirds is far greater. The proportion of seabirds consumed by eagles on the Northern Channel Islands today is similar to that consumed by eagles from this region historically and prehistorically. This suggests that the restoration of breeding seabirds on the Channel Islands will benefit the long-term viability of eagle populations in the northern archipelago.

TWO NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW SUBSPECIES OF AMPHIDROMUS (GASTROPODA: CAMAENIDAE) FROM THAILAND

Two new species and one new subspecies of genus Amphidromus are described from Chumphon and Prachuab Khiri Khan Province (i), Peninsular Thailand (ii). The first species and the new subspecies are from the small island of Talu Island (iii) off Chumphon in the Gulf of Thailand and the second species is from Kui Buri National Park (iv). Amphidromus taluensis sp. nov. and Amphidromus luangensis sp. nov. are conchologically differentiated from Amphidromus atricallosus (Gould 1843) and other Amphidromus atricallosus complex and Amphidromus taluensi borealis.spp. nov. is differentiated from Amphidromus taluensis sp. nov.

Out of the mainstream: humpback whale calving site and associated fishes at an oceanic island off Brazil

Out of the mainstream: humpback whale calving site and associated fishes at an oceanic island off Brazil

Enhancing the biodiversity of coastal defence structures: transplantation of nursery-reared reef biota onto intertidal seawalls

Natural coastlines around the world are increasingly being modified and replaced by breakwaters, revetments and seawalls. Although such infrastructure is primarily intended to protect existing and new shorelines from erosion, such coastal defence structures can also serve as viable habitats for biological communities. In this study, the feasibility of transplanting reef biota to the intertidal zone of seawalls was explored. Fragments of hard corals (Porites lobata, Pocillopora damicornis, Hydnophora rigida, Diploastrea heliopora, Goniastrea minuta), soft corals (Cladiella sp., Lobophytum sp., Sinularia sp.) and sponges (Rhabdastrella globostellata, Spongia ceylonensis, Lendenfeldia chondrodes) were collected and reared in an ex situ mariculture facility. They were then transferred and affixed to intertidal surfaces of a seawall located on a small island off Changi, Singapore. Survivorship was significantly different between G. minuta and D. heliopora fragments transplanted on the seawall for 13 months (90% vs 10%; χ2=42.29, p<0.001). For the remaining nine species transplanted for 24 months, survivorship was significantly different among the hard corals (χ2=19.59), soft corals (χ2=41.94) and sponges (χ2=50.97) (all p<0.001). Among the nine species, transplants of the soft coral Lobophytum, the sponge L. chondrodes and the hard coral P. lobata fared the best, registering high overall survivorship (87.5%, 68.1%, and 47.4%, respectively), long mean survival times (21.6 months, 17.8 months, and 12.3 months, respectively), and fast growth (50-fold, 23-fold and 10-fold increases in size, respectively) 24 months post-transplantation. In contrast, Pocillopora damicornis, H. rigida and R. globostellata were unable to establish on the seawall, with all transplants of the former two species perishing within two months, and those of the latter species succumbing 18 months after transplantation. Overall, species with massive and encrusting growth forms were most successful at establishing on the seawall, and were even observed to function as food and shelter for reef fish and gastropods. These results indicate that the transplantation of nursery-reared reef biota is a viable strategy that enhances the ecological value of seawalls.

Australian indigenous women’s seafood harvesting practices and prospects for integrating aquaculture

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore Australian Indigenous women’s customary use of marine resources and views on aquaculture as a development opportunity. The value participants placed on economic, social and cultural outcomes were explored, as were benefit sharing, governance and business considerations. Design/methodology/approach – Using a form of action research, workshops were conducted with a focus group of Indigenous women and interviews with men and women living on a remote island off northern Australia. Multimedia materials and a game were used to elicit a deeper understanding and facilitate discussion. Findings – Women preferred aquaculture options respectful of culture and accommodating cultural and family obligations, that engage young adults in meaningful work, improve access to sea country and provide local foods and support economic development. Participants placed significant dependence on their governance body to support businesses and expressed disparate views on profit sharing. Women continue to engage in customary harvesting and fishing but various limitations impact on this. Research limitations/implications – Conclusions based on one case study need to be confirmed in other communities. Future research should include a broader representation of youth and strategies to improve people’s understanding of aquaculture operations and business management. Social implications – This research improves our understanding of Indigenous women’s preferred economic development pathways and their advocacy role within the community. These findings are relevant for policy-makers, businesses, other Indigenous communities and researchers. Originality/value – This paper seeks to recognise and integrate Indigenous women’s economic and cultural aspirations within development policy. Such a place-based, gender-based consultative process is generally lacking in the Australian Indigenous policy arena.

Blue Petrels Halobaena caerulea discovered breeding on Gough Island

The Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea breeds at five subantarctic island groups and at islands off southern Chile in a narrow latitudinal band from 47° to 56° S on either side of the Antarctic Polar Front. We found a colony on Gough Island (40° S, 10° W), central South Atlantic Ocean, more than 700 km north of its known breeding range. Breeding appears to take place later than at colonies farther south. Although the colony is in a fairly frequently visited part of the island, it might have been overlooked rather than representing a recent range extension.

Islands of the dead? Prehistoric occupation of Kangaroo Island and other southern offshore islands and watercraft use by Aboriginal Australians

Kangaroo Island has long been a source of creation mythology for Indigenous Australians. Over the last century, it has also been a source of creation mythology for Australian archaeology. The theme of the archaeological mythology has been the notion, based on culture-historical interpretations of stone artefact typologies, that the Island was occupied by people belonging to successive large-tool (“Kartan”) and small-tool “Cultures”. A fundamental tenet of the “Kartan Mystery” has been the notion that the Island was abandoned for several thousand years prior to the European colonisation of South Australia, and following the attainment of modern sea-levels, the Indigenous people of southern Australia lacked either the watercraft or the will to continue to inhabit Kangaroo Island and other offshore islands along the southern coastline. From at least as far east as Tasmania to as far west as Rottnest Island off Fremantle (Western Australia), there are islands which have a prehistoric archaeological record and/or an ethnographic status as uninhabited “Islands of the Dead” for adjacent, mainland or Tasmanian Aboriginal societies. This paper explores these notions and refers to evidence that Aboriginal Australians of the southern Australian coastal regions both used watercraft and visited offshore islands such as Kangaroo Island throughout the pre-colonial Holocene period.