Island Prison Research Articles

The McNeil Century: The Life and Times of an Island Prison.

The McNeil Century: The Life and Times of an Island Prison.

Punishment at Hard Labor: Stephen Burroughs and the Castle Island Prison, 1785-1798

Punishment at Hard Labor: Stephen Burroughs and the Castle Island Prison, 1785-1798

The McNeil century: The life and times of an island prison : by Paul W. Keve. Nelson-Hall Publishers (111 N. Canal Street, Chicago, Illinois 60606), 1984, 331 pp., hardcover—$26.95.

Environmental exposures such as toxicants, nutrition and stress have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease susceptibility. Endocrine disruptors are one of the largest groups of specific toxicants shown to promote this form of epigenetic inheritance. These environmental compounds that interfere with normal endocrine signaling are one of the largest classes of toxicants we are exposed to on a daily level. The ability of ancestral exposures to promote disease susceptibility significantly increases the potential biohazards of these toxicants. Therefore, what your great-grandmother was exposed to during pregnancy may influence your disease development, even in the absence of any exposure, and you are going to pass this on to your grandchildren. This non-genetic form of inheritance significantly impacts our understanding of biology from the origins of disease to evolutionary biology. The current review will describe the previous studies and endocrine disruptors shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease.

Peru's Island Prison of El Fronton

Peru's Island Prison of El Fronton

Yoseba in Ezo

Since Japan was opened to foreign intercourse, common courtesy to foreigners demanded the consideration for the locality of banishment islands, , and the Tokugawa Bakuhu removed island prison colony to the more rest-ricted islands, far from the parts of Japan where foreigners were coming. In the second year of Bunkyu, the Bakuhu restricted the island prison colony in Ezo islands to fewer islands, and decided to send the rest of the prison colony away to Ezo, the northern island in Japan, now called Hokkaido, and banished them to Okushiri island which was situated at the northern end of Hokkaido.In addition to the island prison colony in Okushiri island, a yoseba, a kind of home for criminal coolie labourers, though it was smaller in scale than the yoseba at Tsukudashima in Edo, now called Tokyo, was established, in substitution for the island prison colony, at Usubetsu in the western part. of Ezo in the second year of Bunkyu, and in this yoseba were interned prostitutes, homeles wanderers, and monks and priests who commited adul-tery.This newly established yoseba in Ezo was not the place for intimidating the home coolie labourers to severe works as in the previous banishment island, but a disciplinary place, the object of which was to make them repent their sin and to exhort them to a virtuous life through the edifying measures of fishing around the island-coast.This yoseba fishery may be said to have killed two birds with one stone because it accomplished two aims, that is, the Hakodate Bugyo's aim of developing the resources of Ezo and the aim of edifying the men interned in the yoseba.The yoseba at Usubetsu, however, was abolished in the first year of Keio, and was transferred to the Okushiri banishment island, and the yoseba coolie labourers intermixed with the banished colony in that island. This, to my regret, resulted in the fact that intrinsic edificative nature of yoseba was lost by and by and a coercive tendency was strengthened.For all that, when we take the yoseba law as a kind of judicial reform in the island prison colony punishment law and exile punishment law, which form the important themes in the problems of criminal law of Japan, we can believe that one of the improvements of the criminal law in the Edo period was realized in the yoseba.

Rock Island Prison Barracks

ROCK ISLAND PRISON BARRACKS G. R. Walker One of the westernmost Confederate prisoner-of-war camps was located on Rock Island, a government-owned island in the Mississippi River between Davenport, Iowa, and Rock Island and Moline, Illinois. In the frontier era from 1816 to 1836, Fort Armstrong stood on the western tip of this island, and for the past century the plot of land has been widely known as the site of Rock Island Arsenal. Constructed in mid-1863, the Rock Island prison camp received its first prisoners in December of that same year. In the months that followed, the camp quickly gained a mixed reputation—to some it was a Northern "Andersonville "; to others it offered more than the necessary comforts. On July 14, 1863, Captain Charles A. Reynolds of the Quartermaster Department received orders from Quartermaster General M. C. Meigs to construct a depot for prisoners of war at Rock Island. The Commissary General of Prisons furnished construction plans, which called for the erection of eighty-four prisoners' barracks and a rough board fence to enclose them. Construction began during the last of August, 1863; two months later the camp stood ready to receive its first contingent of prisoners.1 Each barracks building was 100 feet long, 22 feet wide, and 12 feet high; all barracks faced eastward. Each barracks had twelve windows, two doors, and two roof ventilators, four feet long and two feet wide. The kitchen for each building was located at the west end and separated from the sleeping quarters by a wall located eighteen feet from the west end. The remaining eighty-two feet were taken up by living and sleeping quarters. Sixty double bunks were constructed, enabling each barracks to house 120 prisoners. There were six rows with fourteen barracks in each row. The buildings were thirty feet apart and, with one exception, faced onto streets 100 feet wide. The fourth row opened on an avenue 130 feet wide—one of two avenues bisecting the prison. Sct. T. R. Walker is Curator of the John M. Browning Memorial Museum at the Rock Isfond Arsenal and, as such, is eminently qualified to recount the story of this is^nd-prison. 1 U.S. War Dept. (comp.) War of the RebeUion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, 1880-1901), Ser. II, VI, 115, 281, 634, 663, 938, 948. Hereafter cited as OR; all references are to Ser. II. 152 The barracks were enclosed by a stockade fence 1,300 feet long, 900 feet wide, and 12 feet high. A board walk was constructed on the outside ofthe fence, four feet from the top, and sentry boxes were placed every 100 feet. Double-gate sally ports located on the east and west ends of the fence afforded the only openings into the enclosure. A strong guardhouse was erected outside the fence at each of the two gates.2 The Commissary General of Prisoners, Colonel WUliam Hoffman, made an inspection of the empty prison in November, 1863. Just a few days before Colonel Hoffman's trip, a large fire destroyed several of the prison barracks in Camp Douglas, near Chicago, Illinois. Colonel Hoffman, in his report to the Secretary of War, stated his intention of transferring 1,000 prisoners left without shelter at Camp Douglas to Rock Island Prison Barracks. This transfer did not occur until December, 1863, when 5,592 prisoners —most ofwhom were captured by Grant's army at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge—arrived at Rock Island. A great deal of suffering characterized this first group. They were far from their homes; moreover , the coldness of the climate had left them half-frozen, for on the day of their arrival the temperature dropped to thirty-two degrees below zero. This condition was aggravated at the very outset by an epidemic of dreaded smallpox. Prison doctors found ninety-four cases of this disease in the group, and all had been exposed to it. The prison surgeon in charge, Dr. J. J. Temple; his aged assistant, Surgeon T. J. Iles; and Dr. Marcellus Moxley were faced with the responsibility of checking this terrible disease without hospital wards or...

Imrali: Turkey's Island Prison

The Howard Journal of Criminal JusticeVolume 6, Issue 4 p. 201-202 Imrali: Turkey's Island Prison Clive Parry, Clive Parry Mr. dive Parry, who has been lecturing on the English legal system in Istanbul University and elsewhere in Turkey under the auspices of the British Council, recently visited the penal settlement on the island of Imrali. This article records his impressions.Search for more papers by this author Clive Parry, Clive Parry Mr. dive Parry, who has been lecturing on the English legal system in Istanbul University and elsewhere in Turkey under the auspices of the British Council, recently visited the penal settlement on the island of Imrali. This article records his impressions.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1945 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.1945.tb01138.xCitations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume6, Issue4July 1945Pages 201-202 RelatedInformation