Rugen Island Research Articles

Relacja o słowiańskich Rugianach w średniowiecznych kronikach Helmolda i Saxo Gramatyka

Rugianie, zachodniosłowiańskie plemię zamieszkujące wyspę Rugię, utrzymali znaczącą, niezależną od ekspansywnych Niemiec i Danii pozycję aż do XII w. Wówczas Rugia została podbita przez duńskiego króla Waldemara, co nieodłącznie wiązało się z przyjęciem przez pogańskich Rugian chrześcijaństwa. Kroniki Helmolda i Saxo Gramatyka są powszechnie cytowanymi źródłami w rozważaniach dotyczących słowiańskiego pogaństwa i procesu chrystianizacji plemion słowiańskich. To, co stanowi o dużej wartości obu kronik, mimo subiektywnych ocen dokonywanych przez samych autorów, to zakres ich wiedzy na temat połabskich plemion, w tym Rugian – ich znaczenia wśród innych Słowian, roli kapłanów, wyglądu czczonego wśród nich bóstwa. Przede wszystkim jednak kronikarze szczegółowo opisali podbój Rugii przez Duńczyków, co skutkowało przeorganizowaniem władzy na wyspie i umożliwiło rozwój chrześcijaństwa. Jak dotąd tytułowe kroniki pozostają głównymi świadectwami tych wydarzeń.

Automated static and moveout corrections of high‐resolution seismic data from the Baltic Sea

ABSTRACTHigh‐frequency multichannel seismic systems provide detailed images of the shallow marine subsurface. In order to exploit the redundancy inherent in such data optimally, traveltime corrections need to account for normal moveout and static effects due to vertical source and receiver variations. Misalignment of reflections in common‐midpoint gathers will significantly lower the frequency content in the final stack, making this correction particularly important for very high‐frequency seismic data. Traditionally, normal moveout correction involves labour‐intensive picking of stacking velocities, while static corrections can be, by some techniques, performed automatically. In this paper, we present a high‐frequency seismic case study from the Baltic Sea, using seismic image matching as a novel, fully automated technique to perform joint moveout and static corrections. Our multichannel test profiles were acquired offshore Rügen island for wind farm development. Owing to the regular passage of up to 1.5 m high ocean waves during data acquisition, these boomer profiles suffer from strong static effects. We perform joint normal moveout and static corrections by defining the nearest common offset section as a fixed reference frame and minimizing its difference in traveltime with respect to all available common offset sections. Time shifts are computed independent of a pre‐defined traveltime curve, using the normalized cross‐correlation as a measure of data similarity while penalizing irregular displacements by a regularization term. Time shifts are converted to stacking velocities based on the traditional hyperbolic traveltime equation. Our results are compared with those derived by conventional manual velocity analysis and subsequent trim static corrections. We find that image matching produces stacks of similar quality and stacking velocity models of similar to slightly better quality compared with the conventionally derived ones, revealing the potential of this technique to automatize and significantly speed up this first part of the seismic processing chain.

Dumpstones as records of overturning ice rafts in a Weichselian proglacial lake (Rügen Island, NE Germany)

Dumpstones and dropstones up to 0.8 m in size occur in a silty/sandy Weichselian glaciolacustrine succession near Dwasieden on Rugen Island in the SW Baltic Sea (NE Germany). The deposits are exceptional because two levels of dumpstones and dropstones are present, suggesting two dumping phases interrupting characteristic fine-grained glaciolacustrine sedimentation. Plastic downwarping of sediments below the dumpstones and dropstones result in soft-sediment deformation structures. The distribution and orientation of the long axes of the clasts are useful tools for the reconstruction of the state of the lake bottom, as well as for the water depth. The horizontal position of the gravels and boulders (parallel to the bedding) suggests deposition in relatively shallow-water. The dumping events are linked to iceberg rafting in a glacial lake during the Weichselian Glaciation (MIS 2).

The Origins of Sventovit of Rügen<br>Izvor Sventovita z Rügna</br>

The article investigates the origins of a Slavic deity, Sventovit of Rugen Island. Based on the previous research of the author, the notion that Sventovit was originally a Slavic war god or disguised Perun is dismissed. On some etymological ground and numerous conceptual similarities, the research concludes, that Polabian deities Sventovit of Rugen, Yarovit of Wolgast and Yarovit of Havelberg, evolved from the same common Slavonic god, which name included the root “yari”. On the functional level, the author postulates an agriculture, harvest, fertility and vital forces as the original domain of this primeval deity. Therefore, the war and other functions acquired by these later deities, as known from historical records, are a result of post-migration developments. Furthermore, the author postulates conceptually.

The shale gas potential of Tournaisian, Visean, and Namurian black shales in North Germany: baseline parameters in a geological context

Carboniferous black mudrocks with known petroleum potential occur throughout Northern Germany. However, despite numerous boreholes exploring for conventional hydrocarbons, the potential for shale gas resources remains uncertain. Therefore, an integrated investigation was conducted to elucidate the shale gas potential for three different Carboniferous facies incorporating baseline parameters from sedimentological and organic-geochemical analyses. Tournaisian–Namurian fine-grained rocks of the Culm-facies, with Type II + III kerogen were deposited in the basin center. TOC contents of up to 7 % occur in the Lower Alum Shale (3.6 % VRr) and up to 6 % in the Upper Alum Shale (4.4 % VRr). Bands of organic-rich black shales, reflecting sea-level variations controlled by global eustatic cycles, occur within the Tournaisian–Visean “Kohlenkalk”-facies north of the Rhenish Slate Mountains and in the Rugen island area. In both areas the organic matter is characterized by a kerogen Type II + III with TOC contents of up to 7 % and maturities of up to 4.2 and 1.8 % VRr, respectively. Black hemipelagites intercalated with coarser-grained silt- and sandstones occur in the Synorogenic Flysch Formation of the Namurian A along the southern basin margin. TOC contents vary from 0.5 to 2.0 % with Type III kerogen dominated organic matter and maturities of up to 2.5 % VRr. The baseline parameters presented in this paper indicate a shale gas potential for the sediments of the Culm-facies on the southern basin margin and of the “Kohlenkalk”-facies in the Rugen area.

The North German Conductivity Anomaly revisited

SUMMARY The North German Conductivity Anomaly was detected already in the early years of electromagnetic deep sounding. It refers to the reversal of induction arrows (as a graphical representation of the tipper transfer function, the ratio of vertical to horizontal magnetic field variations) at the northern and southern margins of the North German Basin. In spite of the many experiments carried out so far, its origin has remained ambiguous; explanations encompass a deep-crustal or even mantle source as well as the simple response to deepening of sedimentary sequences in the centre of the basin. Here, we report on modelling of new long-period magnetotelluric data collected along two profiles in NE Germany and S Sweden, with one transect crossing the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone as the main boundary between Precambrian Baltica and the Palaeozoic belts of central Europe. With the exception of a few sites probably influenced by 3-D salt domes, the data allow a 2-D analysis. Resolution is reduced for large depths due to a well-conducting, saline aquifer, extending across the entire basin. The main result is that the reversal of induction arrows can largely be explained by the resistivity contrast between crystalline basement and sedimentary basin fill. Beneath Rugen island, a southward dipping conductor is interpreted to reflect an alum shale layer in Middle Cambrian–Lower Ordovician sediments. Beneath the southern basin, a moderately conductive upper mantle is modelled (although not very well resolved) which may reflect the thinning of the lithosphere as implied by seismic tomography. As the main anomalously inductive effect is primarily explained by the basin edges and numerous other anomalies exist inside the basin, we suggest not using the term ‘North German Conductivity Anomaly’ any longer.

Preface "Methods and strategies to evaluate landslide hazard and risk"

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, GermanyThe special issue of Natural Hazards and Earth SystemSciences entitled “Methods and strategies to evaluatelandslide hazard and risk”, which we had the fortune to edit,contains a selected set of contributions originally presentedat the General Assembly of the European GeosciencesUnion, in Vienna, Austria, on 13–18 April 2008. Themeeting proved to be a valuable opportunity to discussand compare methods, techniques and tools for discovering,evaluating, avoiding and mitigating landslide hazards andthe related risk. Novel approaches and case studies ofheuristic, statistical, and physically based models to evaluatelandslide hazards and risk at different geographical scalesand in different physiographic environments were presented.During the meeting, Theo van Asch, 2008 Sergey Solovievmedallist, gave an inspiring presentation on “Some issues andchallenges in landslide hazard modelling”. This presentationsummarized the state-of-the-art, physically based landslidemodelling, and set the path for future research on thischallenging topic.The special issue contains six of the 29 oral and postercontributions originally presented and discussed by morethan 50authors at the meeting. The six papers cover alarge spectrum of topics, from site-specific investigationsto global-scale landslide hazard assessments. van Aschand Malet (2009) focused on the potential transition ofsliding blocks (slumps) into flow-like processes due tothe generation of excess pore water pressure in undrainedconditions. The generation of excess pore water pressuremay be the consequence of the deformation of the landslidebody during motion. The authors propose and discuss twomodel concepts that are tested on two slumps that havedeveloped in secondary scarps of the Super-Sauze mudslidein the Barcelonnette area, Southern Alps, France.Correspondence to: P. Reichenbach(paola.reichenbach@irpi.cnr.it)Gunther and Thiel (2009) evaluated structurally-controlled¨failure susceptibility of fractured Cretaceous chalk rocks andtopographically-controlled shallow landslide susceptibilityof overlying glacial sediments in the Jasmund cliff area,Rugen Island, Germany. These authors adopted a combined¨methodology that involved spatially distributed kinematicalrock slope failure testing with tectonic fabric data, andphysically-based and inventory-based shallow landslidesusceptibility analyses. Romstad et al. (2009) presentedan innovative approach for regional hazard assessment ofNorwegian lakes exposed to tsunamis that can generatecatastrophic rockslides. The method successfully distin-guished between lakes with high and low rockslide potential.For each lake, the rockfall potential was determined basedon the topographical setting. For this reason, the rockfallpotential does not measure the probability of rockslides in thelakes. Van Den Eeckhaut et al. (2009) discussed a combinedlandslide inventory and susceptibility assessment based ondifferent mapping units carried out in the Flemish Ardennes,Belgium. The landslide susceptibility zonation was preparedthrough heuristic combination of, (i) a regional landslideinventory, (ii) a grid-cell-based map showing susceptibilityto landslide initiation, and (iii) a topographic-unit-based mapshowing the susceptibility to landslide spatial occurrence.Garc´ia-Rodr ´iguez and Malpica (2010) presented an approachfor assessing earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibilityusing artificial neural networks (ANN) in El Salvador.Modelling results were checked using independent landslideinformation, and revealed a good agreement between thelandslide inventory and the high susceptibility zoning. Thenew susceptibility zonation was compared critically to anexisting susceptibility zonation obtained through logisticregression analysis. Kirschbaum et al. (2009) presented apreliminary global landslide hazard algorithm developed toestimate areas of potential landslide occurrence in near real-time by combining a calculation of landslide susceptibilitywith satellite-derived rainfall estimates to forecast areas withPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

Vidova gora i sveti Vid<br>Die Vidova gora auf Brač und Sankt-Veit</br>

A widespread and often repeated notion that Vidova gora on the island of Brac is named after the pagan Slavic god Vid is here subjected to a thorough critical review. Numerous churches of St. Vitus in the Western South Slavic area, especially in the Adriatic, including the Rijeka Cathedral, are continuing the cult of the Slavic god Sventovit, well known from the Early Middle Ages on the Baltic Sea island of Rugen, in a specific Christian form. As a result, it follows that St. Vitus among the Adriatic Slavs actually occurs as interpretatio christiana, but of the thunder-god Perun. The god Sventovit was confirmed only among the Baltic and Polap Slavs. On the other hand, the name of Vid instead of Vit for Latin Vitus derived from paretymology encouraged by South Slavic, not pre-Slavic, folk beliefs. As for Vid as the name of the Slavic pagan god, there are no confirmations. Despite the etymological uncertainties, the name Sventovit for its meaning could be understood as a ritual invocation or nickname of Perun, and so could be the case in Rugen. Due to the great similarity of the names, the name Sventovit could have had the effect that the Christian veneration of St. Vitus replaced the pagan worship of the pagan thunder-god.

Solution to spectroscopy challenge 12

Malic acid was first isolated by Carl Wilhelm Scheele from apple juice in 1785. Scheele was born in 1742 in Stralsund. The German seaport of Stralsund is situated on the southern coast of a sound of the Baltic Sea that separates the island of Rugen from the mainland. This small town remained under Swedish control until 1815, when it became a part of the Prussian Province of Pomerania. Thus, Scheele was a German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist. His birthplace was located in Ferrystreet, near the ferry harbour and the tavern Zur Fahre, the oldest pub on European continent (first mentioned in 1332). One century later, a particular speciality of Berlin, the pickled herring dish Bismarckhering, was invented in the same street. Malic acid is a bitter-tasting organic compound that is present in many sour or tart foods. One special application of malic acid is in so-called “extreme candies”, which derive their strong sour flavour primarily from the malic acid applied as a coating to the candies. The intensely sour flavour fades after few moments. The hard candy itself contains the somewhat less sour citric acid, as known from the citric acid cycle, in which malate anion is an intermediate. Malic acid was not actually named by its inventor. In 1787 Antoine Lavoisier proposed the name acide malique, which is derived from the Latin malum, meaning apple. Indeed, malonic acid (propanedioic acid, CH2(COOH)2), which can be prepared by the oxidation of malic acid, derives from the same Latin word. There is also a third acid with a similar name, maleic acid (cis-butenedioic acid, HOOC-CH=CH–COOH), which is prepared by adding water to maleic anhydride. The names of their salts or esters (malate, maleate and malonate) can be confusing, even to those experienced in chemistry. In the German language a supplemental difficulty arises; there are two different dictions for malic acid: the correct notation Apfelsaure and the older one Apfelsaure. In contrast to this confusing nomenclature, it is now quite simple to differentiate its structure. Infrared, H and C NMR spectra were given to enable structural analysis. We should first consider the mass spectrum. In the ESI mass spectrum, the molecular ions [M+Na] are seen clearly at m/z 157. The even molecular mass number of [M]=134 is a first (weak) indication of a Anal Bioanal Chem (2008) 390:1219–1220 DOI 10.1007/s00216-007-1801-2

A cystoporate bryozoan species from the Zechstein (Late Permian)

The bryozoan speciesChoniopora radiata Schauroth, 1854 is recognised asFistulipora radiata (Schauroth, 1854). New material from the Lower Zechsteinkalk (Late Permian) of Rugen island and Thuringia allows a comprehensive description of its interior morphology. This is the first unequivocal record of a cystoporate bryozoan from the Zechstein.

The second Strelasund Crossing – a modern Cable-Stayed Bridge in close vicinity to the World Cultural Heritage of Stralsund, Germany

After opening in the autumn of 2007, the 2830 m long Strelasund Link will provide an efficient connection between the island of Rugen, the city of Stralsund situated on the shore of the Baltic Sea and the Ostseeautobahn A20 and avoid traffic further jams along the 70 year old Rugendamm, Fig. 1. The Link crosses the eastern part of Stralsund, the Ziegelgraben, the island of Danholm and the Strelasund and consists of six individual bridges, - beam slab girder from prestressed concrete (BW1.1), steel composite bridge (BW 1.2), a cable-stayed bridge (BW2) and 3 box girder bridges from prestressed concrete (BW3, 4, 5), Fig. 2. The cable-stayed bridge crosses the Ziegelgraben with a minimum height of 42 m and a span of 198 m. Its aerodynamically shaped bridge deck is supported by 32 cables from a 128 m high, double leg steel tower. The design of the bridge was dominated by the aim to develop a harmony between the ancient part of Stralsund, a World Cultural Heritage site, and this modern structure. By a close cooperation between the owner, the design engineer and the architect an harmonic design of the entire crossing has been achieved - despite the different structural systems - which will not endanger Stralsund's status as a World Cultural Heritage site. The bridge incorporates a number of innovations and first applications in Germany like the stay cables from parallel strands, self-compacting concrete, wind-shielding walls and high containment guardrails. (A)

Late Glacial to Holocene coastal changes of SE Rügen Island (Baltic Sea, NE Germany)

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term coastal evolution of Monchgut peninsula (Rugen Island) on the non-tidal SW Baltic Sea coast. The geological setting of the barriers was determined by coring Late Pleistocene to Holocene deposits. The sediment succession starts with a Late Glacial till overlain by Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sandy freshwater deposits of fluvial origin. There is no evidence that any early evolutionary stages of the Baltic Sea (i.e. Baltic Ice Lake, Ancylus Lake) reached the study area. In the Boreal, the landscape was characterized by W-E striking channels, interpreted as valleys of a river system. These valleys are up to 15 m deep. The Littorina transgression inundated the study area in the Early Atlantic. Our work indicates that the rate of sea-level rise was the most important factor controlling coastal evolution on Rugen Island. The rapid rising water level drowned the coastal area, while during the period of a moderate rise (~1 mm/yr) sediment was transported along the shore to accumulate as beach ridges and wind flats.

The Mesoproterozoic basement in the southern Baltic Sea: insights from the G 14?1 off-shore borehole

The continuation of the Mesoproterozoic basement of the southern Fennoscandian Shield is documented in the G 14–1 off-shore borehole, northeast of the island of Rugen, where crystalline rocks of monzogranitic composition occur beneath flat-lying early Palaeozoic sediments at a depth of approximately 2,000 m. The greenish-grey, or partly reddish-grey, granites show a slightly porphyritic texture marked by plagioclase crystals or aggregates in a groundmass dominated by fresh microcline. Chloritized biotite occurs as a subordinate mafic phase. Ductile and brittle deformation is indicated by a weak foliation and the occurrence of several cataclastic zones, respectively. Major and trace element geochemistry suggest that these rocks are K-rich calc-alkaline granites and represent a restite-poor melting product of a granodioritic protolith. The low MgO, Cr, Ni and Co concentrations and relatively high content of accessory phases (apatite, zircon) point to formation of water undersaturated, high temperature (>900 °C) melts at low degrees of partial melting. Although the G 14 granite lacks hornblende, in contrast to most of the granites from Bornholm, it seems geochemically related to them. Analysed samples mostly fit an intermediate position between the Ronne and Vang granitoids, which both belong to a group of Mesoproterozoic intrusions showing partial ductile deformation. (Y+Nb) vs. Rb plots suggest that all these granitic rocks were generated in intracratonic conditions. A genetic relationship between them and contemporaneously intruded Karlshamn-group granites in Blekinge, eastern Scania and Smaland is supported by intrusion age of 1,460±3 Ma obtained from Pb-Pb isotope ratios measured on single zircons of the G 14 granite.

Rügen oder Rom? Die "Landschaften mit Regenbogen" von Caspar David Friedrich und Joseph Anton Koch in ihrem politischen Kontext

The writer compares and contrasts early 19th-century landscape paintings with rainbows by Caspar David Friedrich (Rugenlandschaft mit Regenbogen (1810), and Joseph Anton Koch (Heroische Landschaft mit Regenbogen (1805, 1815). Friedrich's view of Rugen Island corrects the ideal of the pastoral landscape, and the rainbow represents an unfulfilled yearning. Koch's Neoclassical Roman view filters the ideal pastoral landscape through the experiences of his homeland and age. The writer also considers the political contexts of these paintings.

Palynology of the lower carboniferous (Mississippian) kammquartzite formation in the rhenohercynian zone, Germany

Palynological investigations have been completed in the Lower Carboniferous Kammquartzite Formation of the Horre-Gommern-Zone, a long and narrow trench of diverging facies in the Kulm Basin in Germany. Due to the lack of macro- and microfauna and the different lithologies the stratigraphical position of the formation and also the palaeogeographical interpretation of the entire zone is discussed. Based on miospores, the Kammquartzite Formation has been dated for the first time. Stratigraphical analysis of the spore assemblages shows that the formation ranges from the base of the Visean (PU-Zone) to the Upper Visean (ME-Zone). Because of the turbiditic nature of the quartzites, numerous reworked palynomorphs are preserved in the samples. The assemblages provide a good general view of Tournaisian (reworked) and Visean (indigenous) microfloras in Germany. These are closely comparable to typical assemblages of W-Europe, but less diverse. The lack of strongly triangular genera is significant and problematic, because of their great stratigraphic value in the Upper Visean elsewhere. The palynofacies of the Kammquartzite Formation is compared to the palynofacies in the Kulm-Greywackes (major clastic facies of the Kulm Basin) and from Rugen Island (carbonate shelf). No significant change in palynofacies from Rugen (shelf facies) to the Kammquartzite Formation (basinclastics I) is observed, as would be predicted by common models in use. A strong difference in palynofacies is seen between the Kammquartzite Formation and the surrounding Kulm-Greywackes (basin clastics II). In addition to the petrographic evidence from the quartzites, palynofacies analysis clearly suggests that the source area of the Kammquartzite Formation is the Laurussian shelf north of the basin (Rugen) and is totally different from that of the Kulm-Greywackes.

Reactions of harbor porpoises Phocoena phocoena and herring Clupea harengus to acoustic alarms

Small cetaceans are susceptible to incidental mortality in the various forms of gillnet fisheries throughout their range. Research conducted since 1994 has shown that acoustic alarms (pingers) emitting high-frequency pulsed sounds effectively reduce the number of harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena casualties in sink gillnets. However, the mechanisms behind the effects of pingers were still not understood. Until now, advantages and risks associated with their widespread use could not be evaluated. Here we present the results of 2 field experiments: (1) theodolite-track- ing of harbor porpoises exposed to a single PICE-pinger in Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, Canada and (2) herring Clupea harengus capture rates in surface gillnets equipped with and without acoustic alarms (Dukane Netmark 1000, Lien, PICE) in the Baltic Sea herring fishery at Rugen Island, Germany. Our results show that harbor porpoises do not seem to react to an experimental net in their foraging area (n = 172 groups, median group size = 2 porpoises). Porpoise distance from the mid-point of the net was distributed around a median of only 150 m (range 4 to 987 m). A net equipped with an acoustic alarm, however, was avoided (n = 44 groups) within audible range (distance distribution median = 530 m, range 130 to 1140 m). The porpoises were thus effectively excluded from the ensoni- fied area. Herring, one of the main prey species of harbor porpoises, were not affected by the acoustic alarms tested (n = 25 407 fish captured). The advantages and risks of using acoustic alarms to mitigate by-catch are discussed.

Sources and pathways of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons into the natural dump Arkona Basin (southern Baltic Sea)

Surface sediments, suspended particulate matter and fluffy-layer material, collected in the Arkona Basin and the Pomeranian Bay during 1995–1997, as well as air particulate matter, collected on the island of Rugen during August 1995, were analysed for total organic carbon content, saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The resulting concentrations and distributions of these compounds and molecular PAH ratios are discussed in terms of matrix, origin of the organic matter and seasonal variations. The data show that the Oder river can be identified as a major source for PAH transported into the southern part of the Arkona Basin. A strong atmospheric input of PAH is noted for the central and northern part of the basin. In general, anthropogenic and bacterially degraded hydrocarbons bound to organic carbon-rich and small particles are mainly deposited in the basin center, whereas their natural counterparts accumulate mainly on the basin flanks covered by coarser grained sediments.

The shoreline displacement curve of Rügen Island (Southern Baltic Sea)

Abstract Rugen Island is situated in north-east Germany at the southern Baltic Sea coast. Geological, stratigraphical, and palaeoecological evidence collected from the ‘Schaabe’ spit in northeast Rugen include 167 cores and 46 radiocarbon dates leading to a local shoreline displacement curve, which is compared and discussed with Morner’s eustatic curve of northwest Europe and Tooley’s shoreline displacement curve of northwest England. Corresponding to these curves the Holocene sea-level rise occurred in phases on Rugen Island. The undulations found fit temporally well. There is a close correlation between the shoreline displacement curves of the Lytham area in northwest England and Rugen Island during the Boreal and the Atlanticum. Compared with Morner’s eustatic curve Rugen Island was uplifted between about 7000 BP and 5000 BP in a range of 6 m. Since that time stable conditions or slightly subsidence are presumed on Rugen Island.

Intercomparison of laser Doppler wind measurements with other methods and a forecast model

The wind field over sea can be determined with an ERS-satellite by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with an accuracy of about and using the ESA CMOD4 algorithm. Wind profiles were measured by the airborne Doppler lidar ADOLAR. A first comparison in a few levels (surface up to 1200 m above sea) was performed. During an experiment near the island of Rugen a synophic SAR/ADOLAR dataset was acquired. An analysis of the dataset comparing to ground truth and the DWD analysis was performed.

Acoustic sounding of diurnal variations and gravity waves in the planetary boundary layer

In the introductory part the paper presents some SODAR results on diurnal variations of different boundary layer structures from measurements during the KOPEX-experiment at a city station and a suburban station. In Sect. 1 the investigations about wave processes in the planetary boundary layer are discussed. The SODAR measurements were carried out in different international cooperations at the Kopisty Atmospheric Observatory of the Institute of Physics of the Atmosphere Prague (northern Czechoslovakia) in the year 1986 (KOPEX-86), at the Observatory Juliusruh of the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Berlin at the island of Rugen (JULEX-87) and at the Meteorological Observatory of the nuclear power plant Jaslovske Bohunice in Slovakia, about 60 km north-east of Bratislava (JABEX-88).