Papua Island Research Articles

Small Area Estimation of Maluku and Papua Island Child Poverty Levels in 2023

Child welfare issues such as child poverty pose a challenge for Indonesia. The provinces in Maluku and Papua have the highest rates of child poverty. Data on child poverty at regencies/municipalities level is needed to address this issue through targeted policies. The direct estimations have a Relative Standard Error (RSE) value of more than 25 percent, necessitating the use of an indirect method, Small Area Estimation (SAE). This study aims to compare the results of indirect estimates of the percentage of children aged 0-17 living in poverty at the regencies/municipalities level in Maluku and Papua using SAE Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (EBLUP) and Hierarchical Bayes Beta (HB Beta) methods. Susenas KOR March 2023 data is used to produce direct estimates, while Podes 2021 data is used to form auxiliary variables. The results indicate that the SAE HB Beta method provides estimates with better RSE compared to SAE EBLUP. All regencies/municipalities in the Maluku and Papua have a fairly good level of accuracy.

A decision support scheme for solving the mobile coverage gap in rural areas in developing countries – Demonstrated with a case in Indonesia

As a primary means of communication, the role of mobile telecommunications networks is important for a developing country's economic and social development. However, especially rural areas in low-income countries still lack mobile coverage. In the academic literature, only segmented solution strategies for this mobile coverage problem in rural areas are proposed. These are either technological, regulatory, or organizational solutions, whereas solving the mobile coverage gap requires an integrated approach to develop arrangements for mobile network rollout in rural areas. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the causes of the lack of mobile coverage, the available solutions, and how they can be combined. Based on this overview, the paper proposes a decision support scheme for selecting a suitable arrangement for solving the mobile coverage gap. In this decision support scheme, the technical, organizational, and regulatory solutions are combined to develop a set of arrangements that match the local key causes of the lack of mobile coverage and that fit with the local context. In the last phase of the decision support scheme, the relevant stakeholders are involved in selecting the most suitable arrangement. We demonstrate the decision support scheme by applying it to the case of an unserved rural village in Indonesia, Unipa on the island of Papua, to show how it can guide a developing country to initiate the process of developing a solution for mobile coverage problems in rural areas.

How using light touch immersion research revealed important insights into the lack of progress in malaria elimination in Eastern Indonesia.

By 2022, the Government of Indonesia had successfully eliminated malaria in 389 out of 514 districts but continues to face a challenge in Eastern Indonesia where 95% of the total 2021 malaria cases were reported from Papua, West Papua and Nusa Tenggara Timur provinces. There is an increased recognition that malaria elimination will require a better understanding of the human behavioural factors hindering malaria prevention and treatment, informed by local context and local practice. This research used a light-touch immersion research approach. Field researchers lived in communities over several days to gather data through informal conversations, group-based discussions using visual tools, participant observation and direct experience. The study was conducted in four high malaria endemic areas in Papua, West Papua, and Sumba Islands in Nusa Tenggara Timur. The research highlights how people's perception of malaria has changed since the introduction of effective treatment which, in turn, has contributed to a casual attitude towards early testing and adherence to malaria treatment. It also confirms that people rarely accept there is a link between mosquitoes and malaria based on their experience but nevertheless take precautions against the annoyance of mosquitoes. There is widespread recognition that babies and small children, elderly and incomers are more likely to be seriously affected by malaria and separately, more troubled by mosquitoes than indigenous adult populations. This is primarily explained by acclimatization and strong immune systems among the latter. Using immersion research enabled behaviour research within a naturalistic setting, which in turn enabled experiential-led analysis of findings and revealed previously unrecognized insights into attitudes towards malaria in Eastern Indonesia. The research provides explanations of people's lack of motivation to consistently use bed nets, seek early diagnosis or complete courses of treatment. The felt concern for the wellbeing of vulnerable populations highlighted during light touch immersion provides an entry point for future social behaviour change communication interventions. Rather than trying to explain transmission to people who deny this connection, the research concludes that it may be better to focus separately on the two problems of malaria and mosquitoes (especially for vulnerable groups) thereby resonating with local people's own experience and felt concerns.

Spatial Clustering Using Generalized LASSO on the Gender and Human Development Index in Papua Island in 2022

Equitable development from a gender perspective needs attention. Based on data from the World Economic Forum (WEF), gender equality in Indonesia has increased. Even so, the island of Papua is still very low on gender equality. It can be seen from the Gender Development Index (IPG) from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), there is a considerable gap between the Papua Island IPG and the National. IPG is a comparison between the Human Development Index (IPM) for Men and Women. Based on these conditions, this study aims to classify GPI, Male IPM, and Female IPM by region using the spatial clustering method in 2022. One of the analytical methods that can overcome these conditions is Generalized LASSO. Generalized LASSO can be used on data that only has a response variable (y) for clustering. Generalized LASSO clustering uses a penalty matrix D. The formation of the D matrix is formed by giving values -1 and 1 for areas that intersect or are adjacent and a value of 0 for other areas. The best clustering for IPG uses KNN with K = 3 and the number of clusters formed is 2 clusters. The best clustering for male HDI uses KNN with K = 2 and the number of clusters formed is 8. The best clustering for female HDI uses KNN with K = 2 and the number of clusters formed is 10 clusters.

“I am Indonesian, am I?”: Papuans’ psychological and identity dynamics about Indonesia

Indonesia gained its independence in 1945, and in the 1960 s, Papua was approved, de jure, by the United Nations as part of Indonesia. However, since its integration to Indonesia, racism, stigmatization, and violence have been part of Papua’s history. The present study was designed to understand the meaning of Indonesia and being Indonesian as perceived by indigenous Papuans, and how they perceive social change. We interviewed 63 Papuans who lived in Papua, North Sulawesi, and Java Island, and used thematic analysis to organize and describe the data. We found that, despite feelings of disappointment found among Papuan participants how the majority of Indonesians treat and negatively perceive the Papuans, many of them still consider themselves as Indonesians. Their concern is that, if Papua is indeed considered part of Indonesia, and Papuans are also called Indonesians, they asked to be treated like other citizens equally. In terms of social change, there is an improvement in Papuan infrastructures, but this development is considered slower compared to other regions. We suggest that in order to build trust, peace, and justice in Papua, it is better to start treating the Papuans like other Indonesians equally, consider criticism as a reminder to treat them better, and investigate seriously human rights violations.

Analisis Spasial Angka Kematian Balita di Pulau Papua Menggunakan Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression

<p>One of the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals is to end under five mortality which can be prevented by at least 25 per 1000 live births by 2030. Based on Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) data, in 2020 the Under Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) in Papua Province is 49.04, while in West Papua Province of 47.23. This figure makes the island of Papua the island with the highest U5MR compared to other islands in Indonesia. The problem of U5MR has different influencing factors for each region, so it is important to include spatial effects in the analysis. The Mixed GWR model can be used to overcome spatial linkages between regions, accommodate variations in the form of spatial heterogeneity, and handle variations in parameters that are global and local in nature. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the variables that affect U5MR in Papua Island using Mixed GWR. This study uses secondary data sourced from BPS. The unit of analysis for this research is the districts/cities in Papua Island. The dependent variable in this study is U5MR, while the independent variables include the percentage of women aged at first pregnancy less than 21 years, Gross Regional Domestic Product per capita, the percentage of households with the main type of fuel in the form of solid fuel, the average length of schooling, and the percentage of households with access to source of proper drinking water. The results showed that the percentage of women aged at first pregnancy less than 21 years, the percentage of households with the main type of fuel in the form of solid fuel, the average length of schooling, and the percentage of households with access to source of proper drinking water had a significant effect on U5MR in several districts/cities on the island of Papua. Therefore, it is hoped that district/city governments on the island of Papua in developing programs/policies to reduce U5MR can adjust to the conditions of each region.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Under Five Mortality Rate; Papua island; Mixed GWR</p>

The effect of adding biopolymers on the physical properties of peat soils

Indonesia’s peatlands are concentrated in three major islands, namely Sumatra (35%), Kalimantan (32%), Papua (30%), and other islands (3%) of a total area of 21 million ha. Peat has a low carrying capacity. The carrying capacity of the soil is largely determined by the value of the water content contained in the peat. To overcome this problem, stabilization is carried out using a mixture of biopolymers to increase the carrying capacity of the soil. In this study, testing of the physical properties of peat soil was carried out in order to determine changes in the value of the physical properties of the soil that occurred after stabilization. The sampling location is in the area of Palangka Raya City. There were 5 variations of samples made for stabilizing peat soil with a mixture of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% biopolymer. The final results obtained after testing the physical properties of post-stabilization peat soil were a decrease in water content in the 3% biopolymer (395.13%) variation, the maximum decrease in fiber content in the 3% biopolymer (30.79%), and the maximum ash content obtained in the 3% biopolymer increasing the value of the bulk density at 3% bipolymer (1.64%), and increasing organic content (96.62%) at 3% biopolymer variation.

Estimation of Rhizophora mucronata carbon stock in Youtefa bay, Jayapura, Papua

Papua island has the largest mangrove forest area in Indonesia, reaching 1,350,600.00 Ha which accounts for half of the entire area of mangrove forests in Indonesia. One of the locations with a fairly extensive mangrove forest in the Jayapura area is in Youtefa Bay. Although mangroves have large environmental potential, local people use the forest as building materials, food, fishing tools, and medicines. Mangrove forests have an active role in maintaining global climate stability in the world, forest vegetation will fix CO2 through the process of photosynthesis. Mangrove forests per hectare can store up to four times more carbon than other tropical forests worldwide. This research aims to estimate the amount of carbon stock Rhizophora mucronata can store in mangrove forests in Youtefa Bay, particulary in Tobati, Enggros and Entrop Villages, Jayapura, Papua. The method used in this study was using Allometric Equations to estimate the biomass carbon from Rhizophora mucronata and compared to three different satellite imagery algorithms. The research results showed that the biomass of Rhizophora mucronata stands in Entrop Village was the highest and the lowest in Enggros Village. In addition, the results of measurements of carbon stocks in Tobati and Enggros Villages showed that the values were similar, only 0.23 kgC/m2 with carbon stocks in Entrop Village reaching 19.46 kgC/m2. Based on the results of measuring satellite imagery with three different algorithms, it was found that using the EVI algorithm produced the smallest Standard Error of Estimate, which was 1.63 kg C/m2. The estimated total carbon in Youtefa Bay is 213,424.69 kg C/m2.Keywords:AllometricCarbon StockRhizophora mucronataYoutefa Bay

CLUSTERING OF FOOD SECURITY IN PAPUA ISLAND: WITH AN OPTIMIZED SPATIAL FUZZY CLUSTERING APPROACH

Food needs are primary needs that must be met by everyone to maintain their survival. The condition of stable food security is still not evenly distributed throughout Indonesia. Papua Island is one of the regions that has low food security conditions. In identifying the characteristics of food security in Papua Island, it can be done using cluster analysis. The cluster analysis method used in this research is classical FGWC and FGWC with optimization of HHO. This method has considered the spatial element in the grouping process. The purpose of this study is to classify the level of food security in Papua Island and determine the effectiveness of using optimization in FGWC. Based on the evaluation results, it was found that the FGWC-HHO method was the most optimal method with a total of 3 clusters. Cluster 3 consists of 18 regencies is a cluster with a low level of food security, so this cluster can be used as a priority in handling the problem of food security which is still low in Papua Island.

Kajian Hukum Otonomi Daerah Terhadap Pemekaran Empat Provinsi Baru Di Papua

The expansion of new provinces in Papua has been carried out, signed, and stipulated by the Indonesian Minister of Home Affairs.as many as four provinces have been added to the order administrative division of provinces in Indonesia, including: Mountainous Papua Provines, Southwest Papua, South Papua, and Central Papua. With the implementation of four new provinces in Indonesia to balance economic equality in the Papua region and provide regional autonomy freedom which is respected for Papuans who wish to form new provinces on the Papua Island where the Papua region is still so very large that it is sufficient to meet the welfare and living needs of all Papuans what is in it. Therefore the Indonesian government has established a regional autonomy policy within the Papua region to expand the island of Papua from previous two provinces to six provinces. The research method used by author is normative juridical research which includes four main theories, namely region autonomy theory, legal sovereignty theory, state sovereignty theory, theological theory. The purpose of this research is to find out the impact obtained by residents and the causes of Papuan’s desire on the expansion of new provinces in its territory and to find out the implementation of regional autonomy legal for the four new provinces in Papua. In the future, we hope that expansion of new provinces in Papua can produce a sense of justice and realize share properity in Papua.

First photograph record of the segura’s throatspine gudgeon Belobranchus segura Keith, Hadiaty & Lord 2012 in the south of Java, Indonesia (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Eleotridae)

Segura’s Throatspine Gudgeon Belobranchus segura Keith, Hadiaty & Lord 2012 is an amphidromous fish from the Indo-Pacific region. In Indonesia, B. segura was distributed in Papua, Halmahera, Sulawesi (previously known as Celebes) and Java Island. The finding of this species in the lower stream river of Malang district, south of Java, Indonesia, was firstly recorded here. This study provides the photographs of a single male specimen of B. segura, the description of morphological features of a specimen and their habitat conditions.

Land suitability study for the development of rice production in Moruku Village, Papua Pegunungan Province to support food security

Yahukimo Regency is one of the districts in Papua Island which has high food insecurity. The staple food of the local community is generally tubers. However, changing consumption patterns from tubers to rice is one of the challenges and problems for local governments to ensure the sustainability and safety of food ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical and physical quality of the soil in the area of food crop cultivation development, as well as engineering recommendations for the development of rice cultivation technology based on the results of soil quality analysis in the study area. The research was conducted in Dekai District, Yahukimo Regency using a descriptive qualitative research approach using an experimental method. Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil was carried out at the Bogor ICBB Laboratory. The results showed that the organic C content in the soil was included in class S1, meaning it was suitable for rice cultivation. However, the level of acidity and indications of levels of Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) are very high. While the results of nutrient analysis available on the parameters Total N, P2O5 and K2O are all included in class S1, meaning that the nutrients available in the soil are suitable for the development of lowland rice cultivation. For this reason, it is suggested that technological engineering be carried out, namely with a soil washing system on agricultural land, applying dolomite lime, using organic fertilizers, and selecting varieties that have a level of adaptation and tolerance to high acidity. What is novel in this study is the chemical and physical properties of the soil which can be further identified as an effort to determine the potential for new natural resources in the research area.

Relative risk of the COVID-19 pandemic and regional inflation convergence in Indonesia

This study investigates the relationship between the risk of a COVID-19 pandemic and the regional inflation convergence in Indonesia. It is important to examine the regional inflation convergences to evaluate the inflation rate and the impact of macroeconomic policy on inflation convergence, as the COVID-19 recession differs from the previous inflation recession. To calculate the impact of the relative risk of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional inflation convergence in Indonesia, the dynamic econometric spatial panel data model is used to calculate relative risk without spatial or SIRs. On the contrary, for calculating the risk relative to spatial elements, the CAR Leroux or BSCL Bayesian Spatial Model is used. Using BSCL, the calculation of the relative risk value for the COVID-19 pandemic concludes that Sumatera Island, Java Island, Kalimantan Island, Sulawesi Island, Maluku Island, and Papua Island have high risks, while Bali Island and Nusa Tenggara Island have low risks. In both static and dynamic models, the influence of currency circulation on inflation convergence is positive, and the relative risk of a COVID-19 pandemic on inflation convergence is negative. Studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic is a deterrent to inflation convergence, while the circulation of money drives inflation convergence.

Provincial Real Economic Growth in Indonesia: Investigating Key Factors Through Spatial Analysis

This study addresses the need to understand provincial real economic growth, as measured by gross regional domestic product (GRDP), by conducting a spatial analysis. The study focuses on the influential factors of physical investment, working labor force, social infrastructure relative to the head-count index of poverty, and human development index (HDI). Data from 34 provinces spanning eight years (2015-2022) were examined using geographically weighted panel regression with a fixed effect of provincial units and adaptive bisquare kernel function as spatial weights. The study identifies distinct spatial patterns in the variable impact on provincial real economic growth, forming groups based on influential factors. Physical investment and HDI significantly drive growth in most provinces. The working labor force strongly impacts Papua Island’s growth. Intriguingly, social infrastructure relative to the head-count index of poverty link to economic growth emerges in the central and eastern regions of Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua), highlighting its role in poverty reduction and inclusive growth. The findings highlight the importance of region-specific policies to optimize the potential of these variables and promote balanced economic growth across the province.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY USE IN INDONESIAN SCHOOLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

This paper mainly aims to explore issues and challenges in using technology to support teaching and learning in various schools located on three different islands in Indonesia, such as in Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, and Papua islands. The exploration was done through a holistic literature review of 30 national and local newspapers and online articles relevant to the aim of the study. We performed a peer-debriefing activity to present our review analysis to each other, comment on it, and made necessary revisions to our analysis to ensure the credibility of our review. While the results communicated various things, we could highlight some commonalities: unequal distribution of technology support or facilities in schools, creative ways to support teaching and learning practices regardless of the very minimum facilities that schools have, and continuous support from the Indonesian government and private sectors to improve school technology-supported facilities. We then discussed those commonalities in light of the relevant literature and their implications for teaching and learning to benefit school teachers or educational practitioners planning to teach in schools outside Java with minimal technological-related school facilities.

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN PEMANFAATAN AIR TANAH DI KOTA SORONG

In the 2015-2019 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN), one of the priority locations for the development of an independent and integrated new public city in the Papua Island region is Kota Baru Sorong. In supporting the infrastructure facilities of the new city of Sorong for clean water, in an effort to find clean water, groundwater emerges as a prima donna, becomes our main choice in meeting water needs, of all the advantages possessed by groundwater there are things that we must pay attention to, one of them is only groundwater should be the last option in meeting our water needs after surface water and rainwater. By formulating the groundwater problem, two essential problems arise, namely the existing condition of groundwater use and the role of the government in controlling its use, with the method of collecting observational data and interviews combined with existing secondary data. the role of the government through concepts, actors and mechanisms for controlling groundwater use in the city of Sorong

Ethnicity and Democracy: Managing Political Complexities in West Papua

This paper aims to reveal the relationship between ethnicity and democracy in the regencies of South Sorong in West Papua Province and Keerom in Papua Province, both situated in Indonesia’s easternmost island of Papua. By using Madisonian practice to examine the ethnic party and separatist logics in both regencies, this study explores the presence of cooperation, representation, and accommodation between ethno-religious identities in South Sorong, as well as between Indigenous Papuans (orang asli Papua) and the majority Muslim non-Papuan migrants (pendatang) in Keerom. The findings of this qualitative study suggest that there is a relationship between ethnicity and democracy that can be used in a positive way for promoting peace and resolving conflict.

Analisis Karakteristik Material Lokal Kinang Jingkion dari Quarry Apalapsili, Habie Dan Hulikma, Serta Komposisi Campuran Terbaik Untuk Digunakan sebagai Bahan Lapis Pondasi Agregat Kelas A

The main road pavement works carried out in Yalimo Regency are flexible pavements using asphalt as the main adhesive. Asphalt produced outside Papua Island is transported to Jayapura using sea transportation, then transported to Wamena using air transportation, then transported to Yalimo Regency using land transportation, of course the price is not cheap when it arrives in Yalimo Regency. In addition to the price factor of asphalt material due to the relatively high transportation services, another thing that becomes a consideration for the need to use Kinang Jingkion material is the ease factor in working on roads using Kinang Jingkion which allows the local community to work on it using standard equipment that does not really require treatment or specific technology. According to these problems, further research on Kinang Jingkion material is urgently needed. Analysis of the Characteristics of the Local Material of Kinang Jingkion from the Apalapsili, Habie and Hulikma Quarry, and the Best Mix Composition to be Used as a Class A Aggregate Base Layer presents the results of the analysis related to the characteristics of the local Kinang Jingkion material taken from 3 different quarries namely Apalapsili, Habie and Hulikma, as well as results of testing the composition of the mixture to be used as a Class A Aggregate Base Layer.

NOKEN LOCAL WISDOM AS REPRESENTATION OF GOD'S LOVE

<p><em>This study aims to describe, explore and analyze the local wisdom of noken as a symbol of Papuan culture which has a strong religious-spiritual meaning for the lives of the Papuan people. This study was compiled using a qualitative research design by relying on primary data obtained through interviews and observations of the daily life of women who make noken and use noken in Papuan society. The informants involved were religious leaders, community leaders and noken women. The findings of the study are that noken is Papuan life, as a vessel and source of life that contains religious-spiritual values. Noken is interpreted as a representation of God's love for Papua which fosters faith and hopes in the Creator. In addition, noken is seen as a second 'womb'. Children born are put in a noken as a container for growth and development until they are crawling. Furthermore, a special noken was made for children with the aim of practicing honesty. If a child takes food from someone else's noken, it means stealing. Stealing means sin according to custom and religion. Noken is not just known but has existed and is known from time to time, passed down and taught how important it is to live in Papuan noken human life. Thus noken is a representation of God's inclusion and maintenance of Papuan life. The ancestors of the Papuan people were explorers living on the island of Papua using the strategy of the regional language of the tribes in the land of Papua to teach noken, namely Ugatame. This means that God is the Creator of the heavens and the earth and humans who are similar to Him. The aim is for the Papuan people to have more faith in God Allah.</em></p>

Identification of Porphyry Deposit Based On Time Domain Induced Polarization Data Analysis in The Papua Region

Papua is one of the islands in Indonesia which has an abundance of economic metal mineralization in Indonesia. The types of mineralized deposits on the island of Papua are porphyry, skarn and epithermal, where porphyry deposits are identified in the study area, which were identified early by geological conditions. The geophysical approach is carried out using Time Domain Induced Polarization data analysis, TDIP measurements are carried out on an area of 2.24km2, with a total of 3 line oriented southeast-northwest along 3 km. Based on TDIP data analysis, there’s low resistivity anomaly correlates with high chargeability which is interpreted as a Potassic body at an elevation of 500m, while above it there are Serisitic-Clay-Chlorite and Serisitic-Clay-Pyrite alterations with high metal sulfide content up to 1100m elevation.