Islamic State Research Articles

Women Political Empowerment in Pakistan: A Study of Post-Musharraf Era (2008-2024)

Women constitute 49.6% of Pakistan's total population, yet their representation in local, provincial, and federal governments remains disproportionately low. This study examines the factors contributing to this underrepresentation, focusing on cultural, social, economic, and religious barriers. As an Islamic state, Pakistan often perpetuates the notion that women should not actively participate in governance, further restricting their political involvement. Using a mixed-methods research approach that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, this study explores these hindrances in detail and provides actionable solutions to address them. The research is based on both primary and secondary data sources, offering a comprehensive analysis of the issue. By identifying the root causes and proposing practical strategies, this study contributes to understanding and promoting women’s political empowerment in Pakistan during the post-Musharraf era (2008–2024).

Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil's Stance Towards the Christian Kingdoms in Al-Andalus

This study examines the stance of Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil towards the Christian kingdoms in Al-Andalus during his rule. Following the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate in the Levant, Abd al-Rahman I successfully established an independent emirate in Al-Andalus, navigating both internal and external challenges. A significant aspect of his governance was his strategic response to the Christian kingdoms in northern Spain, which continuously sought to reclaim lost territories and challenge Muslim rule. The study explores his military campaigns, diplomatic efforts, and policies aimed at securing the stability of the Umayyad state. Despite initial successes in repelling Christian advances and imposing tributary agreements, internal strife within Al-Andalus weakened its ability to maintain long-term control over contested regions. The research underscores the pivotal role of political unity in sustaining territorial dominance and highlights how Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil’s leadership shaped the early Islamic state in Iberia.

From GIA to the Islamic State (IS): De-radicalization as countering violent extremism strategy in Algeria

Terrorism is not new to Algeria, it had a long history, which dating back to the early 80'. In fact, Islamic extremism in Algeria have indeed existed before the cancellation of the electoral process at the beginning of 1992. Following a series of deadly domestic terrorist attacks in 1990s, the Algerian government started developing robust counterterrorism and deradicalization methods comprising both military and non-military measures (commonly known as hard and soft approaches), to de-radicalize terrorists and insurgents across the country. Besides traditional security, military, and law-enforcement attempts to capture, jail, or eliminate terrorists, the Algerian government also launched a parallel strategy to combat the ideological justifications for violent radicalism and extremism within Algeria including a truce, a reconciliation process, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration programs by engaging non-state actors such as civil society, and zawiyyas, as well as investing in development. Today, Algeria, with its combination of a soft and hard approach, provides a successful example of how to neutralize terrorism after having defeated various terrorist groups between 1993 and 2003 and overseen a transition from civil war to peace since then. This paper outlines the Algerian government’s attempts, approaches, and initiatives on combating terrorism and de-radicalization as well as analyzes their strengths and limitations. It sketches how the Algerian government, especially since mid-90', dealt, engaged, overcame, and resolves issues and problems of terrorism and extremism. The purpose of the paper is present facts and information about the Algerian experience at fighting terrorism and Algeria's long struggle in the combat of extremist and terrorist threats. The paper also assesses and analyzes the effectiveness and ineffectiveness, strengths, and weaknesses of the Algerian successive governments policies and approaches of counterterrorism.

Surviving the Islamic State: Contention, Cooperation, and Neutrality in Wartime Iraq by Austin J. Knuppe, New York, NY, Columbia University Press, 2024, xxii + 284 pp.

<i>Surviving the Islamic State: Contention, Cooperation, and Neutrality in Wartime Iraq</i> by Austin J. Knuppe, New York, NY, Columbia University Press, 2024, xxii + 284 pp.

PENGARUH KONFLIK PERAN GANDA DAN STRESS KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN WANITA SE PTKIN PROVINSI

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of Work Family conflict and work stress on the performance of lecturers at Stete Islamic Institute of Kerinci and State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saefuddin Jambi. The sample of this study were female lecturers at the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training at State Islamic Institute of Kerinci and State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi which consisted of 98 lectures, and this was used total sampling technique. The data collection techniques used a questionnaire. Then, the Data was analysed by using SPSS 21 program which used multiple linear analysis. The results of this study showed that (1) there is a positive and significant influence between Work Family conflict on the performance of female lecturers at State Islamic Institute of Kerinci and State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saefuddin Jambi with a significance value of 0.000 0.05, (3) there is a Work Family conflict and work stress has a positive and significant influence on the performance of female lecturers at State Islamic Institute of Kerinci and State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi with a significance value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05.

ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY: ANALYZING THE ROLE OF MAQASID AL-SHARI’AH WITHIN NORMATIVIST, ACCULTURALIST, AND NEO-NORMATIVIST PERSPECTIVES

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between Islam and democracy, focusing on the role of Maqasid al-Shari’ah in shaping Islamic political thought. It explores how this framework, emphasizing the core objectives of Islamic law, intersects with democratic values and principles. The study begins with a historical overview of Islamic political thought, tracing the evolution of the Maqasid al-Shari’ah and its integration into various Islamic political models through history. It then examines the perspectives of three primary schools of thought in Islamic political theory: the normativists, who advocate for a traditional interpretation of Islamic texts; the acculturalists, who emphasize the adaptation of Islamic principles to contemporary contexts; and the neo-normativists, who seek a reevaluation of classical Islamic interpretations in light of modern challenges. The paper further analyzes the compatibility of Maqasid al-Shari’ah with democratic principles, discussing its application in modern Islamic states and the challenges and criticisms it faces. A comparative analysis between Islamic and Western democratic models is conducted, highlighting the influence of Maqasid al-Shari’ah on democratic practices in Muslim countries and its role in cross-cultural and interfaith dialogues. The paper concludes with a discussion on contemporary challenges and future directions, focusing on the political, social, and economic challenges in Muslim democracies, the role of education and public discourse, and recommendations for future research. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationship between Islamic jurisprudence and modern governance, offering insights into how Islamic principles can be harmonized with democratic ideals in a rapidly changing world.

Methods of Activating Cash Endowment and Their Expected Impact on Social Groups in Libya

Endowment has a high status in Islam because of its importance in the life of Islamic societies due to the great services it provides in various fields. It enjoys flexibility in provisions, which enables it to keep pace with new developments, especially with the contemporary application of monetary products according to the needs of social groups. Hence the problem of research is rested in revealing the stagnation and decline that the waqf is witnessing in the Libyan environment. Another problem is to determine how much social groups of Libya need the activation of cash waqf, like the experiences of other countries of the Islamic world that have adopted the cash waqf in their institutions. The research follows the inductive approach for extrapolating the provisions and objectives of endowment, opinions of jurists regarding its issues, and contemporary methods of its application. It also uses the descriptive analytical method to collect and analyze opinions, identify the shortcomings and deficiencies, and provide appropriate solutions to them in accordance with the jurisprudential origins. The research concludes that the cash endowment is permissible, and that the Libyan environment is in need of the activation of cash endowment to address its stagnation, the weakness of its revenues, and the disruption and destruction of some of its properties. The research also suggests activating cash products that meet the needs of social groups and enable the renewal of Libyan endowments and thereof, transferring them from the dependence on the government’s expenses to the reliance on their own revenues and products.

Costly Incrementalism: U.S. PKK Policy and Relations with Türkiye

U.S. policy towards the PKK, a designated Foreign Terror Organization, has varied significantly over four decades, reflecting a clear periodization based on pragmatic policy interests and the interplay of U.S. actions and Turkish responses. Washington has over time supported Turkish counter-PKK actions without direct involvement; actively supported Turkish counter-PKK efforts; tolerated or tacitly supported PKK activities; and directly instrumentalized and supported the PKK in Syria and regionally. Washington’s evolving stance toward the PKK coincided with the rise of Al Qaeda (AQ) and its offshoot, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) as the focus of U.S. Middle East policy. The evolution reflected an incremental approach that subordinated U.S.-Turkish relations and other regional problems to the campaign against AQ/IS. Bilateral cooperation suffered as incrementalism, low trust, and transactionalism came to characterize the relationship. This paper examines the history, current dynamics, and possible future trajectory of U.S. PKK policy as a problem in U.S.-Turkish bilateral relations.

Synonym of Democracy in the Quran and the Debate of its Interpretation

This study formulates and aims to examine how the concept of democracy in Islam?; how is the synonym of the word democracy in the Qur'an and the debate of its interpretation? The research in this article is a qualitative descriptive literature study using the Hans-Georg Gadamer analysis approach, where text or discourse is influenced by bildung, census communis, universal considerations, and the subjective tastes of readers or interpreters. The results of this study are (1) democracy in Islam is related to the principle of deliberation for consensus which contains the values of justice, equal rights, trust, freedom, responsibility, tolerance and moderation. Then (2) the word shura becomes synonymous with the word democracy in the Qur'an because it is considered to have values that are in harmony, and not contradictory. The word shura in one perspective is considered not synonymous with democracy, but only means deliberation. This view is influenced by the desire to implement an Islamic caliphate system or an Islamic state, so that for them they consider democracy to be a kufr system. In another perspective, the word shura is synonymous with democracy, because it considers democratic values to be contained in the principle of deliberation. This interpretation is influenced by socio-historical interpreters who are moderate, tolerant, and wise in determining a meaning.

The Influence of Anxiety in Learning English for Specific Purposes on the Students for Non-English Department

Many students in the non-English Department feel anxious while speaking in front of the classroom and it has become a never-ending issue up to now. Therefore, this research focuses on investigating how anxiety factors affect students' behavior during EFL instruction and how non-English-speaking students' beliefs contribute to the development of anxiety. Descriptive qualitative case study method was employed with the subject of the research were 32 students from the 4th semester of Arabic Language Education and Islamic Education study program at the non-English Department of Walisongo Islamic State University of Semarang. The instruments were field observation, interview, questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussion. The research revealed that non-English students learning ESP English commonly experience two primary types of anxiety: confusion and sweating. These feelings often arise due to a lack of preparation before attending English classes. Anxiety is heightened when students feel unprepared in three key areas: grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary mastery. In conclusion, students tend to feel anxious when they overthink the instructions or have to speak English in front of many peers. However, they feel more comfortable and engaged when lecturers create a joyful and positive classroom atmosphere. It is recommended that ESP students adopt strategies to manage their anxiety, including thorough preparation, relaxation techniques, positive thinking, seeking support from peers, and developing acceptance. Additionally, teachers should play an active role in reducing students' anxiety by fostering a supportive and encouraging learning environment.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Socialization of Islamic Inheritance Law in the Scopus Database and Its Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Purpose: This study, titled "Bibliometric Analysis of the Socialization of Islamic Inheritance Law in the Scopus Database and Its Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)," aims to map the development and direction of research on Islamic inheritance law from 2019 to 2024. It seeks to highlight the role of this field in addressing key SDG objectives, such as gender equality (SDG 5) and justice (SDG 16). Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework focuses on the increasing relevance of Islamic inheritance law in global academic discussions, particularly in the Asian region, with Indonesia as a significant contributor. The study acknowledges its limitations, as it exclusively analyzes Scopus-indexed publications and does not incorporate other national or international databases. Methods: The research employs a bibliometric approach to analyze 109 publications related to Islamic inheritance law. Data analysis was conducted using R/R-Studio and Excel, while VOSviewer was utilized to visualize document citations and keyword networks. This methodological combination provides a robust framework for understanding publication trends and research dynamics. Results and Conclusion: The findings reveal a 26% annual growth rate in publications, with the highest output in 2023. Indonesia is the leading contributor, supported by affiliations such as Ar-Raniry State Islamic University and Imam Bonjol State Islamic University. Elfia emerges as the most prolific author. These results underscore the increasing global attention to Islamic inheritance law and its alignment with the SDGs, particularly in promoting equitable access to resources and fostering institutional integrity. Research implications: The implications of this study include providing a foundational reference for scholars interested in this field, identifying research gaps, and encouraging the exploration of diverse international data sources. This focus on expanding the scope of analysis aims to enhance the global relevance and inclusivity of future research. Originality/value: The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive bibliometric approach, mapping global trends, institutional contributions, and author productivity in Islamic inheritance law research over the past five years. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of how Islamic inheritance law aligns with and supports SDG objectives.

Pendampingan Pengelolaan Kritik dan Saran untuk Optimalisasi Kinerja FEBI Mart di IAIN Kediri

FEBI Mart is a student-run canteen at the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Kediri. As one of the campus facilities FEBI Mart plays an important role in providing consumption needs for students and the academic community, as well as being a model of participation-based business management. However, FEBI Mart faces various challenges, including the management of feedback that can affect the quality of service and the development of the canteen's performance. Criticism and suggestions that are not managed properly can become obstacles in FEBI Mart's optimization and growth efforts. This research aims to provide assistance in managing feedback to evaluate FEBI Mart’s performance. The assistance steps include identifying feedback collection mechanisms, analyzing the problems faced, and implementing an effective criticism and suggestion management system. The results of this assistance are expected to provide applicable recommendations to improve service quality, operational efficiency, and encourage FEBI Mart's growth to be better and develop sustainably. With optimal management, FEBI Mart is expected to be an example of a student business that is innovative and responsive to consumer needs.

Musa Bigiev’s perspective on the form of the Islamic state

This article examines the form of the Islamic state, comparing it with the classification accepted in continental jurisprudence and drawing parallels with secular and theocratic state models. It emphasizes that Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) does not recognize certain structural elements, such as government, territorial organization, and political regime. Instead, the above elements represent a single category, with the caliphate as the ultimate state form. Musa Bigiev (1874–1949), a prominent Tatar theologian, philosopher, and lawyer, extensively studied the caliphate as a form of the Islamic state. His scholarly works focus on the Sunni and Shia concepts of the caliphate, the general principles of governance, as well as other critical aspects determining the essence of the Islamic state. Based on a comprehensive analysis of Musa Bigiev’s thoughts, the need to define the exact form of the Islamic state is demonstrated and justified.

Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Improving the Quality of Education at State Islamic Senior High Schools

Implementing the Independent Curriculum is increasingly urgent in efforts to improve the quality of education that is more flexible, relevant, and adaptive to students' needs. However, problems are still related to the effective implementation of the independent curriculum in educational institutions, especially at the Islamic-based madrasa level. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation strategy of the Independent Curriculum at MAN Palopo, as well as to identify the challenges faced and opportunities that can be optimized. Using a qualitative method with a case study type, this study found several main strategies, such as classroom adjustments, digital skills development through technology, interest-based learning, and intensive teacher training. The main findings show that MAN Palopo has demonstrated a high commitment to implementing the Independent Curriculum, including integrating technology and project-based learning, but faces limited facilities, time management, and teacher training that still needs improvement. The implications of this study include the need to improve facilities and infrastructure, fulfil the need for technological devices, ongoing training for teachers, and more efficient time management to ensure that the implementation of the Independent Curriculum runs optimally and sustainably.

The Paradigm of Fiqh Maqasid in Islamic Campus Da’wah Amidst Multicultural Society

This qualitative study with a case study approach aims to identify the dimensions of maqasid sharia values in the role of da'wah of the academic community of the Fattahul Muluk Papua State Islamic Institute in a multicultural society. The contemporary maqasid sharia theory conceptualized by Jasser Auda becomes the theory of analysis. Data collection uses observation, interview, and documentation techniques. This study confirms the dimensions of maqasid sharia values in the paradigm of da'wah by the academic community of the Fattahul Muluk Papua State Islamic Institute in building religious harmony in a multicultural society, including the value of hifz ‘irdh in disseminating tolerance and anti-radicalism through the activities of majelis taklim, community organisations, and scientific research publications. Then, the value of hifz waton in disseminating attitudes of national commitment through cooperation programmes between government agencies in strengthening nationalism. Third, the value of hifz ummah in the dissemination of an accommodating attitude towards culture through cooperation programs between government institutions in preserving local cultural wisdom. The findings of this study confirm the expansion of the dimensions of maqasid sharia values can be a paradigm of fiqh da'wah in the midst of multicultural society.

Understanding Halal For Traders In The Raden Fatah State Islamic University, Palembang

It's crucial to discuss food and drink in daily life. The aforementioned food and beverage must meet the requirements set down by sharia, which include being pure, beneficial, and harm-free. Thus, it is crucial for traders to comprehend this in the food and beverage industry. This study discovered that, out of 51 samples of respondents, 25 food and drink vendors at the Sudirman Campus setting of the Raden Fatah State Islamic University of Palembang did not comprehend halallan thayyiban, while 13 traders did. Even so, the majority of them were just aware of what halal meant; they had no idea what thayyiban meant. Compared to food and beverages that are purchased already prepared and then resold, processing food to meet halal and thayyib regulations requires more capital. So that providing for a resilient family's everyday necessities is still challenging.

The influences and capabilities of the Islamic State in the Caucasus (indoctrination, ideology, propaganda, recruitment)

The influences and capabilities of the Islamic State in the Caucasus (indoctrination, ideology, propaganda, recruitment)

Strengthening Racism, Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Western Europe and its Impact on Türkiye-EU Relations

This study analyses the events in the international arena underlying the development of the phenomenon of racism, xenophobia, and Islamophobia, which have recently gained strength in Western Europe, and investigates the effects and role of the results obtained in the reflections of Turkey-European Union (EU) relations. In this context, the study consists of three parts. In the first part, the conceptual framework is discussed, and the historical background of the rising racism, xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe is emphasized. In the second part, the reasons behind the rise of xenophobia and Islamophobia in Western Europe are analyzed. The third part analyses the impact of the rising racism movements in Western Europe on bilateral relations by taking Turkey's EU process into consideration. In the study, qualitative research method was used by utilizing descriptive and foreign policy approach. The data obtained were obtained by scanning domestic and foreign sources. According to the data obtained in the study, the revival of racism, xenophobia and Islamophobia in Western Europe after the Cold War period has negatively affected Turkey-EU relations. In this context, racism, immigration, the rise of far-right parties, and the bloody terrorist attacks in Europe by religious radical terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) have damaged bilateral relations. This situation has caused and continues to cause problems for Turkish citizens and Muslims of the Islamic faith in the member states of the Union. Consequently, in this study, the reflection of racism, xenophobia, and Islamophobia on the relations between Ankara and Brussels during the EU enlargement process is discussed within the framework of the theory of Constructivism.

تأنق الرجال بالملابس منذ عصر النبوة وحتى نهاية العصر الأموي

The subject of the study is highlighted: ((Men's dressing in clothes from the era of the prophecy until the end of the Umayyad era _historical study_))). The light is on the elegance of men in clothes, starting from the headwear such as the turban and the skullcap, passing through the clothes of the rest of the body, which were numerous and varied, such as the jubbah, the suit, the shirt, the cape, the tie, the capes, and the pajama. Note that dress-up shows a person with a decent appearance, as recommended by the Prophet (PBUH), in the era of the Prophethood and the Rightly Guided Caliphate, taking into account the poor classes, as the Prophet (PBUH) and his successors - except Othman bin Affan - did not like to appear and dress up in clothes that distinguish them from the subjects or the public so that they do not feel class differences. The nature of simplicity was common in dress, even if it was elegant, but the matter was different in the Umayyad era, as the expansion of the borders of the Arab Islamic state and the returns from abundant funds due to the Islamic conquests contributed to these and other reasons, and the indifference of the Umayyad rulers to the prohibitions of the Prophet (PBUH) regarding silk and embroidered clothes. Gilded and transparent clothing and spreading a style of dress-up for men resembled the kings of other nations and their inhabitants, and even sophistication in the materials, inscriptions and colors of clothes, if they formed a clear difference to what was prevalent in the era of prophecy and the Rightly Guided Caliphate, and a challenge to a large extent.

Medical care and initial health status of French children returnees from Jihadist Group Operation Areas: a cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2020 in one referral French hospital.

The return of foreign fighters's children whose parents joined the so called « islamic state » in the Iraq-Syrian area, had been a very controversial topic. Since 2017, a national procedure in France has been designed to coordinate their care, including a systematic pediatric medical assessment. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence rate of diseases diagnosed at their arrival in France. Demographic characteristics and clinical assessment of all the children included in this procedure in one paediatric center between 2017 and 2020 were retrospectively collected. We included 70 children (44M, 26F ; mean age : 4.9 years old (±3.8)). In average, they crossed two countries, mainly Syria (n=55), Turkey (n=53) and Iraq (n=18). At least one parent was deceased or incarcerated in respectively 25 (36%) and 50 cases (71%). Main pathologies were infectious diseases (n=14, 20%), including one lymph node tuberculosis. Mild nutritional impairment (n=55, 78%-95%), stunting (n=13, 19%- 95%), psychomotor troubles (n=18, 26%) and psychological or behavior troubles (n=36, 51%) were also reported. Nutritional impairment was associated with a longer stay abroad (aOR 4.34, 95% CI [1.21-18.24], p=0.03) whereas no significant association was found between the other diseases and age, birth country or length of stay abroad. Nutritional impairment and psychomotor or behaviour troubles were more frequent than other diseases in our cohort. These results emphasize the importance of considering the developmental aspects of these young children who experimented multiple potentially psychic traumatic events.