Islamic Science Research Articles

Description of nomadic turkic tribes of eastern Desht-i Qipcha-q in Muslim Writings of the First Half of the 13th century: on the Problem of Historiographical Continuity

The historical work of the first half of the 13th century “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt wa Lawāmi‘ ul-Riwāyāt” (“A Collection of Anekdotes and Brilliant Stories”), written by Sayyīd al-Dīn Muḥammad ‘Awfī, includes a significant section on the history of the nomadic Turkic tribes of Desht-i Qipchāq. Despite the fact that this monument is well known to researchers, this section from “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt...” has never been fully translated into Russian. It was published in the first volume of “Turkestan in the Era of the Mongol invasion” by V.V. Barthold on the basis of several handwritten lists. The purpose of this study is, on the one hand, to acquaint researchers with the content of this section from the work of Muḥammad ‘Awfī, and on the other hand, to highlight its historiographical connection with earlier monuments of Muslim historiography. The conducted research once again demonstrated the fact that the basis for the section “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt...”, dedicated to the nomadic Turkic tribes of Desht-i Qipchāq, was the work of the first half of the XII century. “Kitāb Ṭabā’i‘ al-Ḥayawān” (“On the Nature of Animals”) by an outstanding Muslim scientist - Sharaf al-Zamān Ṭāhir al-Marwazī. For his part, Muḥammad ‘Awfī did not fully cite the story of an earlier author: the part of the text “Ṭabā’i‘ al-Ḥayawān”, where it was about the tribal union of the Qïrqïz, attracted his greatest attention. Other nomadic Turkic tribes in “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt...” are described in much less detail, sometimes with obvious mistakes and distortions, which were made either by Muḥammad ‘Awfī himself, or by the copyist of his work, when transmitting toponyms and ethnonyms borrowed from the text of “Ṭabā’i‘ al-Ḥayawān”. Thus, the evolution of the narrative about the nomadic Turkic tribes of Desht-i Qipchāq in Muslim historiography of the 12th - early 13th centuries is quite clearly traced when comparing these two sections from “Ṭabā’i‘ alḤayawān” by al-Marwazī and “Jawāmi‘ ul-Hikāyāt...” by Muḥammad ‘Awfī.

احیاالعلوم کی کتاب التفکر : ایک مطالعہ

Abū Hāmid al-Ghazālī was a Muslim scholar, law specialist, rationalist, and spiritualist of Persian descent. He was a prominent mujtahid in the Shafi'i school of law. He believed that the Islamic spiritual tradition had become moribund and that the spiritual sciences taught by the first generation of Muslims had been forgotten. This belief led him to write book entitled Iḥyā’‘ulūm ad-dīn (The Revival of the Religious Sciences ). This work covers almost all fields of Islamic sciences including Fiqh, Sufism etc. It contains four major sections like Acts of worship (al-Ibādāt), Norms of Daily Life (al-Ādāt), The ways to Perdition (al-Muhlikāt) and the ways to salvation (al-Munjiyāt). The Iḥhyā became the most frequently recited Islamic text after the Quran and the hadith. Its great achievement was to bring orthodox Sunni theology and Sufi mysticism together in a useful, comprehensive guide to every aspect of Muslim life and death. The book was well received by Islamic scholars. Section 1 deals with knowledge and the requirements of Faith, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage, Recitation of Quran and so forth. Part 2 concentrates on people and Society, the manners related to eating, marriage, earning, living and friendship. Part 3 and 4 are dedicated to the inner life of the soul and discuss first the voice is that people must overcome in themselves and then the virtues that they must drive to achieve. This article analyzes of Kitāb al-Taffakkur (part 4 of Ihya al-Uloom). It presents that creations and wonders of Allah in a delightful and unique way and inspires us to think about them. It argues that the whole universe is like a house. When we go to a rich man's house and see the doors and walls, colors of his house, we put our finger in our mouth, and appreciate it, similarly we keep our eyes on Allah's earth and sky, animals and minerals and their fine impressions, but we neither talk about them nor pay attention to them. This is because we forget our Lord and are attracted to our self. We only fill our bellies; we do not see anything other than our lust and honor. If we read all these things and are oblivious to seeing the creations of Allah and their wonders, then we do not have any importance for the Kingdom of Allah and His beauty. It is only by considering Allah's actions and attributes that one gets the knowledge of Allah's glory and gets guidance.

Harmonizing Knowledge Frontiers: TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid's Innovative Integration Model at Nahdlatul Wathan Educational Institute

The paper examines the scientific integration through the lens of TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid. This study aims to explore the scientific integration model of TGKH Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid in the Nahdlatul Wathan educational institution. The study was conducted at the Shaykh Zainuddin Islamic Boarding School, the management center for the Nahdlatul Wathan organization. This study is a qualitative-descriptive study. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques, while data were analyzed using a sociological-historical approach. The analytical procedure used is the analysis procedure of Miles and Huberman. In this study, the scientific integration model proposed by TGKH Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid (Mawlana Shaykh) consists of three main components: 1) the integration of scientific knowledge with Islamic science and the Nahdlatul Wathan (Ke-NW-an) curriculum; 2) the institutional integration between Ma'had Darul Qur'an wal Hadith and higher education; 3) the integration of Islamic religious subjects with scientific disciplines. The findings of this study provide a foundation for policymakers to formulate more extensive and unified education strategies. This emphasises the significance of keeping an equilibrium between religious and scientific knowledge within the curriculum.

خوێندنگە نيزاميەكان، دامەزراندن و بەرەوپێشچوونيان (٤٥٧-٥٩٠ك/١٠٦٤-١١٩٣ز)

The founding of the regular schools in the year (457AD/1064AD) by Nizam al-Malik as the minister of the Seljuk authority, is considered the oldest school, an organization independent of the mosque, and one of its primary goals is to stand in front of the Shiite current and their path, which then they turn towards the authority and dominance of the Abbasid Caliphate. There is no doubt that the presence of educational and scientific goals and the qualification of government employees in all institutions and departments concerned with the state, as well as providing the needs and stopping the regularities, has become an essential factor for the sustainability and independence of those schools. The Nizamiyah of Baghdad is one of the main centers that many Sunni scholars from the far corners of the earth in the Islamic world traveled to, and they wanted to become a teacher there. Regular schools were established in most of the different cities and regions in the Islamic world, and they began to pay attention to them, and reading the Qur’an was an essential center for study, not to mention other subjects such as Islamic sciences, and then they began to be interested in subjects such as (medicine and mathematics) and other sciences such as astronomy, astrolabe and sociology. The historians considered the Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk Gol a person who established schools in the Islamic world, Since the idea of these schools “produced a kind of limited ideas according to the Shafi’i Sunni school of poetry, whose influence has been present throughout history and now onwards is clearly visible.

The Role of Hard Work on Academic Success Among University Students

Many educational institutions have strived to involve their students to improve academic success through current technologies. This study examined the role hard work ​​on academic success among university students. A sample of 131 from 4th year students through quota sampling responded to the questionnaire from faculty of leadership and management, University of Islamic Sciences Malaysia (USIM) were selected to obtain data for this study. This study adapted a quantitative methodology through a survey to obtain the respondent. Three statistical analyses were utilized to answer the research questions namely: of mean of all means, correlation, multiple regression analysis. The results of means of all means was (2.66) and (MRA) shows that hard work, honesty, and sincerity are predictors at (0.44) of academic success. Hard work was found to be the most contributing variable at (0.54). The results of this study found that the three factors namely hard work, honesty, and sincerity showed an effect of 44.4%. It was also found that among all the factors utilised in this this study hard work has the most impact on academic success among university students.

أثر تطبيقات الهواتف الذكية التعليمية على تحسين مهارتي االستماع والتحدث في اللغة االنكليزية لدى طلبة كليات العلوم اإلسالمية

In previous research, there is not enough attention was paid to studying the impact of educational smartphone applications on improving the listening and speaking skills in the English language among students in colleges of Islamic sciences. This study aims to address this gap and contribute to the understanding of the impact of technology, specifically smartphone applications on language learning. It also aims to expand knowledge of effective teaching methods through technological integration, meet the educational needs of students in colleges of Islamic studies, and enhance the comprehensive learning experience. The researchers set a null hypothesis stating that there are no statistically significant differences in average, and the scores of the experimental group using smartphone applications were compared with the control group using traditional methods. The study adopted the descriptive and experimental approach, where quantitative data was collected and analyzed using tests and statistics. The research sample consisted of 60 students from the Department of Islamic Belief and Thought at the College of Islamic Sciences - University of Baghdad. They were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The research tools included educational smartphone applications, standardized English tests, surveys, and personal interviews. The results indicated a significant improvement in the listening and speaking skills of the students in the experimental group compared to the control group, which confirms the positive impact of using educational smartphone applications. Keywords: educational smartphone applications, listening and speaking skills, smartphone applications, null hypothesis

Prevention of disaster triggered by crowd surge: comparative insights in selected countries and Indonesia

Introduction: Hazards, whether caused by natural or human activities, can potentially lead to disaster. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) at its conference in Sendai, Japan established a framework related to disaster risk reduction to be guided until 2030. However, disaster management related to human-induced hazards has received less attention. The Covid-19 pandemic that has been overcome has made restrictions on human movement begin to loosen. With the increase in travel between regions, countries, and continents, people began to form crowds at events related to religion, entertainment, sports, and other activities. A poorly managed crowd develops into an uncontrolled crowd or riot, and disaster ensues. This paper aims to develop alternative prevention efforts so that similar disasters do not occur in the future. Methods: The method of this paper is a literature review and systematic content analysis of previous scientific articles and research. First, the paper describes disasters at planned events such as music concerts in Texas, United States, and less planned ones such as the Halloween festival in Seoul, South Korea. Then the countermeasures of the two events were compared with the incident in Malang, Indonesia. Finding: The result is that strong cooperation between related parties is needed in organizing events to maintain community safety. The use of technology and tightening regulations can be factors supporting the prevention of this disaster. Increasing the capacity of communities to deal with similar disaster risks is still not widely discussed, so further research is needed. Conclusion: Islamic science is a comprehensive paradigm, similar to Western science, that can serve as a framework for scientists from various fields of knowledge. The Islamic paradigm attempts to critique the concept of universality, which has been one of the values embraced by the Western scientific paradigm. This concept has been one of the reasons why scientific revolutions have occurred slowly.

Reactulization of Islamization of Islamic Science and Knowledge in an Ontological-Historical Perspective for the Development of UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid

The development of Science and Technology (IPTEK) now universities in Indonesia also adopt technology in education, especially in Islamic education (UIN). This is an interesting thing in this study. Which is a form of Islamization of science that is increasingly growing. The formulation of the problem in this study is “How to actualize the Islamization of Islamic science and science in education for the development of UIN KH. Abdurrahman wahid?". The goal is to develop the Islamization of science and science in education at UIN KH. Abdurahman Wahid Pekalongan. The result of this research is to increase the Islamization of science at UIN KH. Abdurahman Wahid said there was a need for an education system called Inter-disciplinary Sciences in Islam, namely with a new curriculum system in collaboration with other Muslim intellectuals and educators. Simultaneously Muslim intellectuals and educators will reach out to non-Muslim intellectuals and educators, including people of faith, for meaningful dialogue and cooperation.

Learning Arabic Language Sciences Based on Technology in Traditional Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze traditional Islamic boarding school leaders' perceptions of technology, models of learning Arabic sciences in traditional Islamic boarding schools, forms of using technology in learning Arabic language sciences in traditional Islamic boarding schools, and foundation support for using technology in learning sciences. -Arabic language knowledge in traditional Islamic boarding schools. The type of research used is qualitative-descriptive. Research data was obtained using observation methods, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The instruments used are observation lists, interview lists, and documentation lists. Data were analyzed using ATLAS—ti9 software. The research results show that (1). traditional Islamic boarding school leaders' perception of technology is very positive, and there is no rejection of the presence of technology; (2). The model of learning Arabic language sciences in traditional Islamic boarding schools is still preserved, such as using the yellow book with the bandongan, sorogan, and wetonan methods (3). Using technology in learning Arabic language sciences in traditional Islamic boarding schools by operating computers, laptops, focus, and cell phones with the help of the internet (4). The foundation supports the use of technology in learning Arabic language sciences in traditional Islamic boarding schools by disbursing sufficient funds to procure learning technology tools or by building collaborations with other parties. This research aims to increase the use of learning technology in traditional Islamic boarding schools to create effective and efficient learning but remain resistant to Islamic boarding school values and traditions.

Internalization of Islamic Education Values in the Book of Bidayat al Hidayah to Develop the Religious Character of Santri

ABSTRACT
 Background: The Islamic boarding school as a place of education and study of Islamic sciences, is also a place for developing the character of students. One of these efforts is through internalizing the values of Islamic education in the book of Bidayat al Hidayah to develop the religious character of students
 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the Program, Process, Evaluas, Supporting and inhibiting factors of the impact of internalizing Islamic educational values in the book of Bidayat al Hidayah to develop the religious character of students in Islamic boarding schools
 Method: The method used in this study is the descriptive-analytical method
 Results: The results showed that the internalization program of Islamic educational values in the book of Bidayat al Hidayah in Islamic boarding schools was carried out through creed formation programs, worship formation and moral formation. By indicators of having a wise attitude, courageous, maintaining self-chastity and fairness
 Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the internalization program of Islamic educational values in the book of Bidayat al Hidayah consists of a creed formation program, a worship formation program and a moral formation program

The Resistance Narrative in Arabic Science Fiction: Azem’s The Book of Disappearance (2014)

This paper aims to analyze the mode of resistance narrative in Ibtisam Azem’s The Book of Disappearance (2014), which is read within the frame of Arabic Science Fiction. The study answers the following questions:(1) What are the Arabic Science Fiction tropes in Azem’s novel? (2) How does ASF subserve resistance narratives in Azem’s novel? (3)Why does Azem utilize the Dystopian Narrative for resistance narratives? The study examines the structure and themes of Azem’s The Book of Disappearance in terms of postcolonial and science fictional theories. The study’s methodology considers Kanafani’s resistance narrative, Morrison’s rememory, and Hochberg’s archival imagination in exploring the historical frame in Azem’s The Book of Disappearance. The analysis of Azem’s The Book of Disappearance interconnects the Palestinian resistance literature and the postcolonial writing to the ASF tropes and techniques. The alternative history closely examines the controversy between Israeli utopia and Palestinian dystopia. The study concludes that in Azem’s novel, the 1948 Nakba is recreated in the future through the imaginative incident of the Palestinian disappearance. As Palestinian novels often grapple with the complex question of identity in the face of displacement, occupation, and cultural pressures, Azem’s novel inspects the question of identity through a simulation of history in Alaa’s diary and through the gaze of Arial, the Israeli journalist. Azem’s novel confronts this trauma, giving voice to the pain and suffering of the Palestinian people through the Arabic Science Fiction frame of a dystopian narrative that dismantles the Zionist ideology and Israeli oppressive regime.

Konsep Membangun Generasi “Tafaqquh Fid Din” di Pesantren Persatuan Islam (Persis) Cikarang Utara Kabupaten Bekasi

Islamic Unity or remembered PERSIS is an Islamic organization according to Deliar Noer above as an Islamic organization that has a modern movement in the educational and social fields. Although the Islamic Union was born on September 12, 1923, it was only around the 1930s that the Islamic Union had a formal educational institution called "Islamic Education" or Pendis. This first education project was spearheaded by Mohammad Natsir (Former Prime Minister of Indonesia). This institution consists of several schools including Kindergarten, HIS (both established in 1930), MULO (1931) and a teacher's school or Kweekschool (1932). In March 1936, the Islamic Union inaugurated another educational institution called Pesantren Persatuan Islam. As the name implies, the educational institution established at the initiative of Ahmad Hassan or better known as A. Hassan is intended to form missionary cadres who spread religion in the midst of society. Research Method used by the author in providing information in accordance with the focus of research through qualitative methods with document review. Document review is considered as document analysis, which consists of books, articles, internet and materials appropriate to the research. As for the ways in which the data is collected. First, through a literature review that is in accordance with the material to be researched. Second, after the data has been obtained by the researcher, then analyze the data through descriptive methods in accordance with the author's understanding in conducting this study. The curriculum structure used by the Islamic Union Islamic Boarding School in North Cikarang can be seen how the portion of religious knowledge is very diverse without eliminating subjects that are commonly studied in other schools. This is one way this pesantren wants to produce a generation that is tafaqquh fid din in providing subject matter that prioritizes the basics of Islamic science. The responsibility of pesantren is very heavy, covering many aspects, religious responsibility and being able to master Islamic science "Tafaqquh Fid din" as well as the development of Islamic civilization and adorn themselves with "akhlak al-karimah". Therefore, the Islamic Union Pesantren, one of the educational institutions has a great responsibility to implement all of it, namely producing a generation that they not only understand Islamic religious science but also have good morals in the midst of society.

Factors that Influence Student Interest in Participating in Usimar Campus UKM Activities

Factors that influence students' interest in participating in Student Activity Unit (UKM) activities at the Islamic Science University (USIMAR). This study uses qualitative research methods by conducting interviews with students in various faculties. The results of the interviews show that student interests and factors are closely related to each other. Supportive factors from the environment, such as encouragement from peers and family support, have a positive influence on students' interest in participating in UKM activities. Apart from that, the benefits obtained from participation in UKM are also an important factor that motivates students. This research provides in-depth insight into the dynamics of student interest in participating in UKM activities on the USIMAR campus environment. The implications of these findings can be used by campuses and UKM managers to increase student participation and strengthen the sustainability of UKM as a means of developing student potential outside academic activities

Collecting and Directing the Correct Qur’anic Readings in Tafsir Al-Baydawi (658 AH) in Surat Al-Qadr

The research addresses the topic of “Guiding Readings in Tafsir al-Baydawi: A Study on Its Importance in Understanding the Qur’an.” The research highlights the importance of the science of readings and Tafsir al-Baydawi and their influence in guiding concepts of the Glorious Qur’an. Further, the research addresses the role of Al-Baydawi as a multidisciplinary scholar in the Sharia sciences and highlights the focus on directing readings and their importance in extrapolating Qur’anic connotations. It should be noted that Al-Baidawi did not limit himself to the frequent readings only, but also discussed irregular readings. The research discusses the importance of directing the readings and their role in understanding the purposes of the verses and the concepts of the Glorious Qur’an, and this is highlighted through Al-Baydawi’s manifestations of the various readings. The research shows its results that confirm Al-Baydawi’s distinction as a distinguished and knowledgeable scholar and thinker in the Islamic sciences. In conclusion, it is summarized that the results of the research and emphasizes the importance of guiding the readings in Al-Baydawi’s interpretation, and refers to the Meccan surah “Al-Qadr” as an example of the different readings and their interpretation.

Program Penguatan Ilmu Falak Club Astronomi Santri Assalam (CASA) (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Modern Islam (PPMI) Assalaam Surakarta)

Falak science cannot be separated from the world of pesantren. Nowadays falak science is starting to be less popular in the world of pesantren, it is less populist with other sciences such as nahwu, neuroscience, tahfidz al-Qur'an or hadith, besides that falak is also considered a difficult science because it is identical to mathematics and calculation formulas. However, based on observations made by the author, it turns out that there are still Islamic boarding schools, especially the Islamic Modern Islamic Boarding School (PPMI) Assalaam Surakarta, developing science called CASA (Students Assalam Astronomy Club) with the aim of giving birth to golden generations who are experts in the field of mastering Islamic science, and also become experts in technology and experts in science and astronomy. The type of research used is a type of qualitative research with a field approach (field Reseacrh), where the author analyzes data sources obtained from the field. The data collection methods used are observation, documentation and interview methods. The primary sources are observations and interviews. After the data was collected, the author conducted an analysis using a descriptive analysis method, which describes the strengthening of the astronomy club of the Islamic boarding school and the conditions for the development of science in the Islamic boarding school. The results of this study show that CASA is now growing and has a prestigious place among the community of astrologers. CASA collaborates with Bosscha Observatory in Lembang, Bandung, West Java and builds international networks with Astronomers Without Borders, Astronomy Clubs, Moonsighting Committee Worldwide, to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) owned by the United States government. CASA was certified by NASA for successfully observing and documenting the transit of Venus in June 2012. This transit or eclipse of Venus is a rare natural phenomenon that occurs once every 105 years when the planet Venus passes right on the surface of the sun.

Integration of Mathematics Learning Strategies with The Cultivation of Islamic Teaching Values in The Context of Applicable Jurisprudence

This article aims to describe the application of several mathematical sciences in the study of jurisprudence which are included in mathematics learning strategies. This is based on the problems seen in classroom learning that the delivery of mathematics is only the delivery of theory or formulas. Even though it is sometimes linked to everyday contexts, it is still lacking in linking it to religion, especially to the science of jurisprudence which is included in the field of Islamic science. Some of the fiqh studies presented here are considered to be often related to everyday life. In detail, you can use a similar analogy. The method used is literature study research, which is sourced from related documents that are in accordance with the study. The results of this paper show that mathematics is indeed used in fiqh, so it can be used in mathematics learning strategies. Stages that can be included are mention of Allah's name, use of terms, visual illustrations, examples, insertion of verses/hadith, history, and topic networks. The study of jurisprudence that is connected to mathematics is the problem of Thaharah, prayer, Zakat, Fasting, Hajj and Faraid. All of these studies use basic knowledge in mathematics which is easy to apply.

Mediating Role of Smartphone Addiction on the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Psychological Escapism Among College Students: Structure Model Test

The present work explores the potential role of smartphone addiction in mediating the correlation between self-efficacy and Psychological Escapism among university students. The paper’s stratified convenience sample comprised 195 students from the World Islamic Sciences and Education University. Validated scales measuring self-efficacy, psychological escapism, and smartphone addiction were utilized for data collection. The findings indicate that smartphone addiction, self-efficacy, and psychological escapism were all found at moderate levels. Moreover, the presence of smartphone addiction as a mediating variable resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of explained variance in the level of psychological escapism attributed to self-efficacy (31%), compared to the absence of this mediating variable (22%). Additionally, while gender and academic year have significant effects on psychological escapism, the demographic elements investigated did not demonstrate any significance with self-efficacy or smartphone addiction among college students. Accordingly, this research points out the importance of developing curative and preventive counseling programs aimed at reducing smartphone addiction and mitigating the level of psychological escapism by enhancing self-efficacy among college students.

The Landscape of the Interplay between Religion and Science: The Experience of Islamic Discourse

This study explores current viewpoints on how science and Islam can coexist in the Islamic context, delving into the dynamic conversation at the intersection. It discusses key figures and occasions influencing the interaction between religion and science in Islam, following the dynamic interplay from the modern to post-modern periods. One of the findings is that scholars who initially brought these discussions to the forefront in the modern age, such as Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, and Muhammad Abduh, coincided with the rise of nation-states and the dissolution of the caliphate in 1924. The paper also delves into the ideas of Tantawi Jawhari’s “scientific miracle” and Naquib al-Attas’s “Islamization of science and knowledge.” It also sheds light on the ongoing discourse that aims to synthesise these domains and promote interdisciplinary convergence, particularly in the areas of religion and science.

«Науки об исламе» и «науки ислама»: тождество и различия

On the assumption of the identity and differences between the “sciences of Islam” and “Islamic sci-ences”, the peculiarities of their subject matter, logic, and methodology of knowledge, the author substantiates the significance of combining the efforts and potential of various branches of Islamic studies in order to create the image of Islam adequate to the in-depth essence and forms of the Mus-lim religion and to overcome the stereotypical ideas thereof. The specific features of the “sciences of Islam” are derived from their initial focus on developing a value-neutral image of Islam formed by an outside researcher guided by the criteria of social and humanitarian knowledge. “Islamic scienc-es” are associated with their traditional orientation towards understanding Islam from within the religion itself, on the basis of unconditional faith in One Allah, the Islamic understanding of the world and man, as well as the cult, norms of behavior, and principles of Islamic doctrine prescribed from above. The article substantiates the danger of a content-related transformation of “Islamic sci-ences”, the prospect of losing their confessional essence and meaning in the event of their forced transformation into a scientific discipline that meets the criteria of social and humanitarian knowledge. Another subject to the author’s critical consideration is Islamology, which in recent dec-ades has established itself as a borderline branch of Islamic knowledge formed according to the can-ons of post-non-classical science. It is noted that Islamology, declaring itself a discipline that meets international standards of science, is based on the principles of critical analysis and dialogue with various humanities and social sciences and focuses on the paradigm of understanding God as the true goal of a scientist, actually transforms the problem of understanding the essence and existence of Islam into the problem of the essence and existence of Allah, which has always been and still re-mains the pivot of theology/theology of Islam.

Exploring Halal Science Research: Do They Meet The Tawhidic Paradigm? Do They Need Islamization Of Knowledge?

In recent years, the innovations in halalan toyyiban (HT) products and services are being fueled by science and technology to meet the emerging needs of the people. This has partly contributed to the expansion of halal and its industry into various sectors that benefitted many. However, there is a growing concern that halal industry is riding on religious platform to gain the economic benefits while losing the faith-bound values. The so-called halal science research fueling the innovation to the industry, is argued to be undertaken without the true understanding of it being a branch of Islamic science thus not operating in the tawhidic paradigm. Therefore, the aims of the study are to i) identify Islamization elements in halal science research, and ii) to propose the measures to conduct halal science research based on the tawhidic paradigm. A total of 14 dissertations (2017-2021) of Master in Halal Industry Science (MSHIS) are investigated. Other secondary sources including journals, books, electronic sources and documents related to the academic programme are also referred. Data is evaluated from the Islamic perspective through the process of relevantization, integration and harmonization. Aspects related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), science and technology framework, academic program standards, institutes (faculties), and universities framework were also mapped in the analysis to provide a holistic view, deeper insights, and informed perspectives that contribute to a more nuanced understanding of halal science research. It was observed that the MSHIS dissertations contain some elements of halal science research. However, the elements of tawhidic-based halal science are elusive hence the need of appropriate Islamization of knowledge efforts in realizing the ‘true’ halal science research. Maqasid methodology approach, along with establishment of key concepts related to halal science are proposed as part of the Islamization of knowledge efforts in halal science research. To this end, this work shall be able to guide researchers in the halal science research area to conduct their research based on the tawhidic paradigm leading to development of the wholistic HT products and services that meet the HT criteria, and creation of HT-related knowledge in nestled in the tawhidic paradigm.