Islamic Fundamentalism Research Articles

White partisans’ reactions to real politicians’ tweets framing white supremacy and radical Islam as terrorist threats

ABSTRACT In recent decades, the discussion of terrorist threat in the United States has focused almost exclusively on radical Islam. Now, progressive politicians increasingly talk about white supremacy as a form of terrorism. We explore reactions to this new rhetoric using two survey experiments, in which non-Hispanic white respondents are exposed to real tweets of Democratic and Republican politicians discussing white supremacy and radical Islam as security threats. We formulate two alternative expectations: after seeing messages from Democratic politicians linking white supremacy to terrorism, whites may either diverge in their assessments of Republicans’ anti-Muslim appeals depending on their own partisanship or they may uniformly rate anti-Muslim rhetoric as more acceptable. Both experiments show significant increases in the perceived acceptability of anti-Muslim appeals when they are presented after messages about white supremacy, and these results are driven by white Democrats. Our results highlight the potential side effects of political communication about terrorism.

Russian Subversive Influence on Islamic Radicalism in the Countries of the Western Balkans

After the outbreak of the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina (1992 – 1995) and of the armed conflicts in Albania, (1997), Kosovo (1998 – 1999) and North Macedonia (2001), the unchecked influx of dozens of extremist Islamist organizations from the Middle East began. Those organizations invested millions of Dollars to propagate a radical ideology and stoke religious hatred in all Western Balkan countries populated by Muslims.Furthermore, subversive activities of Islamic organizations have been observed since the beginning of the Russian military aggression in Ukraine. Those organizations support Putin openly and disseminate negative propaganda against the Western world, in line with certain doctrines pertaining to expanding Russian influence in the Muslim world. Additionally, they foster interreligious hatred in the region.

Unresolvation of the Palestine problem — the main threat to regional security

The article analyzes the situation in the Middle East in connection with a new largescale armed confl ict between Israel and radical Islamist groups. The author reminds readers of the origins and causes of the Palestinian-Israeli confl ict and gives a detailed picture of the dynamics of events in the former British mandate territory of Palestine after 1948. The main reason for the ongoing tension in Israel's relations with the Arab and Muslim world is the disregard by the Israeli authorities and the leaders of a number of Arab countries of the relevant resolutions of the UN General Assembly on the creation of the State of Palestine. The ongoing occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights and Lebanese Shebaa farms by the Israeli armed forces does not help to strengthen confi dence in Tel Aviv on the part of neighboring Arab countries. The author believes that the main goals of the attack on Israel by Hamas militants and Islamic Jihad (banned in the Russian Federation) on October 7, 2023 were, fi rstly, to attract the attention of regional and global players to the Palestinian problem, and secondly, to demonstrate the increased military capabilities of Hamas and the vulnerability of Israel, and thirdly, a slowdown or complete disruption of the process of further normalization of Israel’s relations with Arab countries. In addition, Palestinian radicals believed that a successful military operation against Israel could lead to an increase in fi nancial, economic, political and military assistance to Hamas from its supporters and sponsors. The author notes the growing involvement of a number of regional and extra-regional players in the armed confl ict in the Gaza Strip (Lebanese Hezbollah, Yemeni Houthis, Iran, Qatar, Turkey, USA, EU countries). The article also notes the limited capabilities of UN institutions and other international organizations at this stage for a comprehensive and fair Middle East settlement.

Reconciling Islam with Indonesian Nationalism: Acceptance of the Arab Middle Eastern Influence During the Dutch Colonial Period

Abstract During the final decade of the Dutch colonial era, Indonesia witnessed a heated conflict over the relationship between Islam and nationalism. This paper examines several opinions within the Indonesian Islamic movement during the conflict, considering the influence of the Arab Middle East. Around 1930, behind the conflict with secular nationalists, a movement of Islamic groups sympathetic to nationalism emerged, resulting in a fierce debate from the latter half of the 1930s. At the end, those who accepted nationalism while demanding an Islamic movement and an Islamic state became the mainstream position. The rise of Indonesian Islamic nationalism was influenced by the Arab Middle East via Cairo-educated Indonesians and the writings of Arab Middle Eastern intellectuals. However, the acceptance of the influence depended on regional factors. It took some time before those writings became a contentious issue in Indonesia, and Indonesian Muslims selectively utilized the writings.

Intellectual Extremism and its Practice among some Contemporary Islamic Groups: Delusions of Perceptions and Errors of Beliefs

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن العلاقة بين ظاهرتي الارهاب والتطرف الفكري وتطبيقاته العملية عند بعض الجماعات الاسلامية المعاصرة، على وفق المنهج التاريخي – الوصفي – التحليلي – النقدي المقارن، وتم تقسيم الدراسة على خمسة مباحث، الأول: تناول مصطلحات الدراسة وحدودها، والثاني: الأصول التاريخية للفكر المتطرف وظروف نشأة جماعاته، والثالث: ملامح الفكر المتطرف وظروف انتشار جماعاته، والرابع: عمليات إرهابية لبعض الجماعات الإسلامية المسلحة (اليمن أنموذجاً)، والخامس: رؤية للمعالجات النظرية والعملية للحد من التطرف الفكري وممارسته، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى تأكيد بعض الفرضيات، منها: التغذية الفكرية الدينية المنقوصة أو المغلوطة، ودعاوى احتكار الحقيقة عند البعض، وضعف الخطاب الديني الوسطي العقلاني المستنير، وتعدد وسائط التربية الفكرية وتناقضها، وارتباك مناهج التربية في البلدان الإسلامية وفلسفاتها، والفقر والبطالة، والعنف والعنف المضاد، وحالة الاضطهاد الواقعة على المسلمين أو الأقليات في الخارج ، والجهل بمقاصد الشريعة والتوظيف الخاطئ لها.

Philanthropic Epistemology of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) Coin Movement in Indonesia

Nadlatul Ulama (NU) is the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia. This organization is known as a traditionalist Islamic group whose members are from rural communities. Even though it is a traditionalist Islamic organization, it turns out that NU has philanthropic activities that have a wide impact through the NU Coin Movement. This article focuses on two questions, namely the function and foundation of the NU Coin Movement. This question is important to answer to find the direction of development of the philanthropic movement carried out by NU. This qualitative research uses literature data related to NU's philanthropic activities, especially the Kon Movement. Data is collected through documentation. After verification, the data is analyzed and conclusions are drawn using the interactive cycle pattern developed by Miles and Huberman. This research concludes two things.First,The Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) coin movement functions as a means of channeling an attitude of generosity to its followers, who on average belong to the lower middle economic community in Indonesia. Second, the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) coin movement is based on three foundations at once, namely religious, philosophical and socio-cultural foundations

Scientific Research Priorities in Light of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 from the Researchers' Point of View at Umm Al-Qura University

This research aims to know the priorities of scientific research in light of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 from the point of view of researchers at Umm Al-Qura University. The research has followed the descriptive approach to achieve the research objectives. The sample consisted of female researchers at the College of Education, Umm Al-Qura University (Master’s and PhD programs, at the Departments of Curriculum and Teaching Methods, Psychology, Educational Administration, and Islamic Fundamentals), and the tool consists of a four-axis questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. SPSS software has been used to process the data through a number of statistical methods. The research has found out several results, the most important of which are that the "Digital Citizenship" axis came as a top research priority among others with an arithmetic mean (4.43), while "Intellectual Security" got the second top priority with an arithmetic mean (4.35), and the "Community Partnership" axis got the third top priority with an arithmetic mean of (4.19), while the "sustainable development" axis occupied the fourth and last priority, with an arithmetic mean of (4.11), from the point of view of the respondents. The research has presented several recommendations, including: Encouraging research projects related to the research priorities included in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. Supporting it financially, developing and linking academic programs for postgraduate studies to the needs of society and what serves its contemporary issues.

Traditions of maghrebi-saheli statehood and islamic radicalism in Early XXI Century

The significance of this research topic is due to the relevance of the problems of modern state-building in the public and political life of North and West Africa. The purpose of the research project is to analyze the causes and consequences of the emergence of radical movements of political Islam in the Maghreb and Sahel at the junction of the XX and XXI centuries and their connection with the shortcomings of national statehood inherent in both African regions. At the same time, the author focuses on the incompleteness of the state-building process, the weakness of institutions and the low level of justification for drawing state borders as concrete examples of such shortcomings that affected the socio-political climate in the Islamized areas adjacent to the Sahara. Based on the materials of sources and the theoretical model of regional security complexes (RSC), the author identified contradictions and diversity in the ideological and value views of the North African ruling circles, analyzed the methodological and spiritual and political foundations of the deeply rooted relationship between criminal and Islamist groups on the example of the activities of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) (аn organization included in the list of terrorist organizations in theRussian Federation is mentioned) and its leaders - Abd al-Malik Drukdel, Mukhtar Belmukhtar, etc. It is proved that “Islamist internationalism” in the Maghreb and Sahel of the 2000s began to take ethnocultural forms, which was caused by the ‘network’ and ‘umbrell’a nature of the AQIM (аn organization included in the list of terrorist organizations in theRussian Federation is mentioned) structure, in which there was no centralized administrative-territorial management scheme. In addition, the distinctive features of the security policy of modern Algeria are shown and the importance of studying interregional contradictions for characterizing the geopolitical and economic reasons for the strengthening of Islamic radicalism in Africa is revealed.

Konsep Moderasi Beragama dalam Islam Perspektif Habib ‘Ali al-Jufri

The rise of socio-religious conflicts that have occurred in Indonesia in recent years has caused the condition of Indonesian society to be threatened. Such as the case of acts of terrorism by ISIS networks and radical Islamic groups. Also the movement against pancasila by the leader of the Jemaah Islamiyah group, Abu Bakar Ba'asyir. One of the factors causing the emergence of religious social conflicts is the existence of differences in views and beliefs about something. Overcoming this, religious moderation is conceptualized as a powerful solution in controlling radical and extreme ideas. In this study, researchers felt the need to reexamine the concept of religious moderation from the frame of Islam in the view of Habib 'Ali al-Jufri. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods with the type of literature research. The focus of research by researchers is taken from two points, namely; a) the concept of religious moderation in the Islamic perspective of Habib 'Ali al-Jufri; b) the relevance of the concept of religious moderation in Islam from Habib 'Ali al-Jufri's perspective to the religious diversity of Indonesian society. Religious moderation according to Habib 'Ali al-Jufri is a person's religious perspective or attitude while still maintaining human values. In such conditions, the similarity of form as a creature of Allah SWT becomes a factor to be generous with various differences. The concept of religious moderation by Habib 'Ali al-Jufri is very important and very relevant to be applied in Indonesia. Considering Indonesia with a Muslim majority and various mass organizations in it. Thus, the concept of humanizing humans is the main indicator in realizing the glory and glory of Muslims in Indonesia.

The Uniqueness of the Medieval Persian Art

I examine the symmetry used in the ornamentation of various medieval civilizations and interpret it as a characteristic feature of each cultural group. I first classify the symmetries according to the 17 wallpaper groups of crystallography, then determine their frequency and apply statistical methods to obtain quantitative and comparative information for each of these groups. The calculations show that the civilizations can be divided into two groups according to their habits: the Islamic group of Seljuks and Arabs and the Greco-Roman group, which includes Armenians, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Andalusia. Remarkably, Persia stands out from this division with its own art movement until the 16th century.

Aspects of Islamic radicalization in the Balkans after the fall of communism

Aspects of Islamic radicalization in the Balkans after the fall of communism

Revisiting God's Authority

ABSTRACT: This is an essay in political theology, namely the theological underpinnings of politics. It is centered on the idea of the authority of God and its current implications in radical political Islam. There is a tension between two attributes of God as the source of authority: the will and reason. The will stresses God's absolute decisionism as the source of his authority among the radical Islamists. The Messenger (Muhammad) who conveys God's will is not a postman, although he hands over to the believes God's book. Yet his exemplary life as told by authentic stories should be taken as authoritative, as part of God's message.

The Identity of Political Islam in a Democratic Regime: The Ideology of the Prosperious Justice Party (PKS), Indonesia and the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Turkey

This study focuses on the identity and ideological orientation of two Islamic political parties, as well as their steps towards ideological moderation and specific electoral strategies within the political landscapes of two different countries. This is a library-based research that explores the identity of political Islam ideology in secular democracies, utilizing a combination of historical and political approaches. The sources include literature and writings about political Islam groups in Indonesia and Turkey, specifically PKS and AKP, derived from reputable books and scholarly articles. The study concludes that both PKS and AKP are moderate in ideology and politics. PKS, especially in post-New Order, transformed through moderation and inclusion, maintaining its Islamist identity while forming coalitions with nationalist parties for survival. Meanwhile, AKP combines moderate Islamism with conservative democracy, though Erdogan’s dominant leadership tends toward authoritarianism.

ISLAM AND EVOLUTION: A BRIEF REVIEW OF QURANIC CONCEPT AND CONTEMPORARY THOUGHTS

Of all the biological theories, the speculation of human evolution considerably poses a noteworthy challenge to the Islamic standpoint because it directly threatens the central position of mankind in this universe. According to the Qur’anic point of view, the miracle of the creation of man directly belongs to Allah almighty’s intention and His deliberate will. That’s why Human Evolution has turned out to be a hot discussion amongst believers and non-believers, as it can’t be rejected or accepted in one stroke. The Muslim thinkers appeared to be typically hostile and suspicious of human evolution, meanwhile, the evolutionists area unit is busy to prove that homology (similarities amongst species) shows common ancestry of different species. Anyhow, bioscience has rejected this theory as it contains contradictory statements due to some faulty assumptions like it can’t answer a straightforward question: “How did life come into existence on this planet, namely Earth?” But Sacred writing (Qur’an) has created an unambiguous and absolute conception in this regard. The purpose of this qualitative research mainly has two folds. The first is to spotlight the conception of the evolution of man in step with primary sources of Islamic shari`ah (Qur’an and Hadith), and the second is to analyze the theology of the researchers, philosophers, and scholars based on human evolution. However, the theory of evolution is not ideologically appreciated by Islamic groups. In fact, it is considered nothing but a material-based thought. Somebody ought to be very careful to make a final statement concerning human evolution without a deep analysis of Islam and bioscience.

Dynamics of Islamic Politics in the Early Period of the New Order

This article aims to review the relationship between proponents of Islamic politics and the New Order government. This article uses historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research results show that the emergence of the New Order government cannot be separated from the support of military groups and Islamic political forces. The Islamic group's support for the New Order government was related to this group's desire to be involved in implementing state policies, especially in the field of government politics. This desire turned out not to be as expected, because the struggle of Islamic groups in political channels received restrictions and pressure from the government because it was considered to threaten national integration and development

Book review: Sangit Kumar Ragi, The Puritan Is Political: Mapping Islamic Radicalism

Sangit Kumar Ragi, The Puritan Is Political: Mapping Islamic Radicalism. Vitasta Publications, 2023, 441 pp., $29.99 (Hardcover). ISBN: 9789390961733.

Политический ислам в мусульманском мире

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the influence of political Islam on the political situation in the Muslim world. It is shown that the influence of political Islam in the field of politics of the Muslim world is limited, but the influence of the terrorist activities of radical Islamic groups and organizations should not be underestimated. Radical, traditional and moderate political Islam directly affects the political situation only in thirteen Islamic states with stable ruling regimes, as well as in secular Turkey. At the same time, in all these states, except for the theocratic Islamic dictatorships - Afghanistan and Iran, as well as the Emirate of Qatar, the authorities severely suppress any manifestations of radical political Islam. In twenty quasi-Islamic and secular Muslim states, political Islam does not have a significant impact on the political situation and processes. In some states of this part of the Muslim world, the authorities are forced to actively combat the cross-border terrorist activities of radical Islamic organizations. In almost a quarter of the states of the Muslim world, the political situation is currently unstable, which does not allow us to fully adequately assess the influence of political Islam in these states.

The Uniqueness of the Medieval Persian Art

I examine the symmetry used in the ornamentation of various medieval civilizations and interpret it as a characteristic feature of each cultural group. I first classify the symmetries according to the 17 wallpaper groups of crystallography, then determine their frequency and apply statistical methods to obtain quantitative and comparative information for each of these groups. The calculations show that the civilizations can be divided into two groups according to their habits: the Islamic group of Seljuks and Arabs and the Greco-Roman group, which includes Armenians, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Andalusia. Remarkably, Persia stands out from this division with its own art movement until the 16th century.

TRANSNATIONAL ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS IN INDONESIA

Transnational Islamic Movement is a new vocabulary in academic view. This movement tends to focus on ideological ideas that side with Muslims all over the world. The main factor in the emergence of the Islamic Movement in Indonesia is because Indonesia is a country with the most adherents of Islam in the world. This study reviews the Transnational Islamic Movement in Indonesia. It aims to find out the history of the Transnational Islamic Movement and whatever groups exist in Indonesia. The type of this research is historical research. In this research, the authors review the premises and practice of the historical method to understand how it came to be. The result is the discovery of Islamic groups such as (1) Wahhabism, (2) Ikhwanul Muslimin, (3) Hizbut Tahrir, (4) Jihadi, (5) Da'wah Salafi and Sururi, (6) Tablighi Jamaat, and (7) Syiah.

The Uniqueness of the Medieval Persian Art

I examine the symmetry used in the ornamentation of various medieval civilizations and interpret it as a characteristic feature of each cultural group. I first classify the symmetries according to the 17 wallpaper groups of crystallography, then determine their frequency and apply statistical methods to obtain quantitative and comparative information for each of these groups. The calculations show that the civilizations can be divided into two groups according to their habits: the Islamic group of Seljuks and Arabs and the Greco-Roman group, which includes Armenians, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Andalusia. Remarkably, Persia stands out from this division with its own art movement until the 16th century.