Islamic Kingdom Research Articles

The Strategic Role of Islamic Kingdoms in Aceh in the 18th and 19th Centuries: The Case of Trade in Kuala Batee and Trumon

Kuala Batee and Trumon kingdoms had an important role in the spice trade, especially pepper in the archipelago. Both kingdoms were fragments of the Susoh kingdom, all of which were special autonomous kingdoms under the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam in the 18th century. A historical analysis approach knows several important findings. First, the Kuala Batee and Trumon kingdoms emerged as part of Aceh's growing power on the South West Coast after it ceased to rule in Minangkabau in 1665. Secondly, these kingdoms were originally fragments of the Susoh kingdom. They were subject to the rule of the Sultan of Aceh before finally putting up a fight. Third, as Aceh's control weakened, the Kuala Batee and Trumon kingdoms established trade relations with other regions, including Europeans and the United States, making them strategic powers in world trade.

AESTHETICS OF PLAK-PLIENG GRAVESTONE OF LAMURI KINGDOM ACEH: A STUDY ACCORDING TO SUSANNE KNAUTH LANGER'S AESTHETIC CONCEPT

The Lamuri Kingdom in Aceh has relics in the form of gravestones called "Plak-plieng" stones, which are concrete evidence and records of the history of the kings who were buried with these gravestones. This Plak-plieng gravestone is thought to be a gravestone made by local people during the reign of the Lamuri kingdom with a mixed population who emigrated from outside Aceh at that time. The Lamuri Kingdom was an Acehnese Hindu kingdom that existed in the 4th century, turned into Islam or a sultanate in the 9th century, and lasted until the 15th century. The Plak-plieng gravestone, which is characteristic of the Lamuri royal graves, was rediscovered in 1890. Based on the date written on the gravestone found, the Plak-plieng gravestone dates to the 12th century AD. Thus, the Plak-plieng gravestone was made during the Islamic era, or when Lamuri became an Islamic kingdom. The type of research in this study is research using a descriptive method. The descriptive method is a method used to look for elements, characteristics, and properties of a phenomenon. The method begins with collecting data, analysing the data, and interpreting it. This descriptive research tries to reveal and explain the problems that occur in society, especially the problem of searching for symbolic aesthetics on the Plak-plieng gravestones of the Lamuri kingdom of Aceh. The Plak-plieng gravestone contains various symbolic elements that we can find using Susane K. Langer's theory. The findings of the symbolic aesthetic meaning found are divided into several parts according to Langer's aesthetic theory. On the Plak-plieng gravestones of the Lamuri Kingdom of Aceh, symbolic aesthetics are found as a symbol of art. The implied value of this gravestone gives us an idea of the high artistic value that existed in past societies. In this way, we can see that the level of artistic taste of the people of Aceh in the past was very high. The discovery of the inscription on this gravestone also explains the glory days of a kingdom led by the owner of the gravestone. This day dates back nine hundred years. In this way, we can learn about the value of art in the past through the Acehnese civilisation and how they found materials for making sturdy gravestones and a variety of ornaments that were very complicated and beautiful.

Pengaruh Islam dalam Pembentukan Kerajaan-Kerajaan di Sumatera dan Pantai Utara Jawa

This article reviews the development of Islamic kingdoms in Sumatera and the North Coast of Java from the pre-colonial to early colonial period. In Sumatera, kingdoms such as Samudera Pasai, Aceh Darussalam, and Palembang Darussalam played an important role in the spread of Islam through trade, education, and diplomacy. Samudera Pasai became the first center of trade and the spread of Islam in Indonesia, while Aceh Darussalam reached its peak of glory in the 16th and 17th centuries with its military strength and influence in Southeast Asia. Palembang Darussalam became an important trade center in southern Sumatera. On the North Coast of Java, kingdoms such as Demak, Cirebon, and Banten played a significant role in the spread of Islam. Demak, founded by Raden Patah, is known as the first Islamic kingdom in Java and played a role in overthrowing Majapahit. Cirebon developed as a religious and cultural center under Sunan Gunung Jati, while Banten became the dominant maritime and trade power in the Sunda Strait. This study uses a historical approach by analyzing chronicles, hikayat, and travel notes. The results show that the development of these Islamic kingdoms was influenced by political, economic, social, and cultural factors, including the influence of ulama, international trade, and interactions with foreign powers such as the Portuguese and the Dutch. In conclusion, the Islamic kingdoms in Sumatera and the North Coast of Java played a key role in the spread of Islam in the archipelago and in the political, economic, and cultural development of the region, providing a significant historical legacy for the development of Islam in Indonesia.

MULTIKULTURALISME PADA MASA UMMAYAH DALAM SEJARAH PERADABAN ISLAM

Multiculturalism in general is a concept of culture and variations in individual behavior caused by differences in race, religion and social structure, which is currently a hot issue and study material in the realm of social order. Islam has existed for centuries as the center of an advanced and diverse civilization. Along with the spread of Islam to various regions of the world, Islamic kingdoms grew and had prosperous centers of trade, science and culture. One of the main characteristics of Islamic civilization is the ethnic, cultural and religious diversity that exists within it. The structure of society in Damascus consists of four main components, namely: 1. The first social class, namely the Muslim-Arab nation occupies the highest class in social stratification in Damascus. 2. The second social class, namely the converts, people who have just converted to Islam. 3. The third social class, namely the non-Muslim group. 4. The fourth social class, namely the slaves who lived within the center of power of the Umayyad Daula in Damascus.

Sejarah Islamisasi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kebudayaan Masyarakat Jambi

The Islamization process that occurred in Jambi coincided with the growth and development of the Islamic kingdom of Jambi around the 15th century AD. This article explains the history of Islamization which has had an influence on the culture of the Jambi people to this day. The method used in this research is a historical research method which is divided into four parts, namely Heuristics, Source Criticism, Interpretation and Historiography. The entry of Islam into the Jambi community was brought by adherents of the Islamic faith who came from Arab ethnicity, through trade that passed through waterways by sailing along the Batanghari river. The Islamization process in Jambi has had a big influence on the cultural development of the local community. The influence of Islamization on culture in Jambi can be seen from religious ceremonies commemorating Islamic holidays, marriage practices, art, social systems and architectural styles.

Gedhe Kauman Mosque Introduction Application Based On Mobile Augmented Reality

The Great Mosque of Yogyakarta, or better known as the Greatness of the Grand Mosque, is an integral part of the Yogyakarta Sultanate. The existence of this mosque confirms the existence in Yogyakarta as an Islamic kingdom. The gedhe mosque was built on the west side of the north square and southwest of the Beringharjo market, not far from the palace buildings. The Gedhe Mosque was founded on Sunday, May 29, 1773 M. or 6 Rabi'ul Akhir 1187 H. This research aims to design an Augmented Reality-based application that can make it easier for tourists to recognize history and objects in the Gedhe Kauman mosque. The application was built using the Unity 3D application. The Gedhe Kauman Mosque Introduction Application is used as an introduction and learning medium for the Gedhe Kauman mosque for tourists and the surrounding community. The use of this application is recommended to use android with version 8.1 (Oreo) and above.

Tax and Customs Revenues During the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam

The Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (ruled 1514 to 1903) was a famous Islamic kingdom in the history of the archipelago. The peak of its glory was reached during the time of Sultan Iskandar Muda (reigned 1607-1636). The glory and fame of this kingdom was created because of Sultan Iskandar Muda's ability to regulate political-economic policies, especially the tax and customs sectors as the main pillars of the kingdom's wealth income. This article discusses the income of royal wealth from the tax and customs sector, which includes tax and excise objects, the management of their collection and the sultan's policies in reviving the tax sector. Sultan Iskandar Muda has built the port of Bandar Aceh into a large port and concentrated the trade in pepper and commodities which have a high selling value on the world market only in this city. The impact is that Bandar Aceh is visited by merchant ships from the archipelago and abroad. Traders, foreign and local, are charged taxes and excise, such as adat stamp or adat lapik cap (the sultan's permission to land), adat wase kuala (fees for guarding parking and guarding ships entering and leaving the port), stall tax on merchandise/ trading place. Taxes are also collected from local traders who sell at the market. Apart from that, land tax is also levied (wase tanoh), farmers who receive irrigation are subject to the customary but umong tax, farmers who seek forest products are subject to wase gle tax), people who litigate in court are subject to the customary tuha tax, people who die but do not leaving his heirs his wealth to be put into the royal treasury, as well as foreign traders. Income from various types of taxes and excise is intended to build various facilities and infrastructure to strengthen and advance the kingdom

Relevansi Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Kirab Sesaji di Desa Wonosari Gunung Kawi pada Pembelajaran Sejarah Kurikulum merdeka

One thing that is no less important in studying history is preserving local wisdom so that future generations will know regional culture and develop positive attitudes that are reflected in these cultural traditions. Problems that can arise as a result of developments in increasingly modern times are generations of people who ignore local wisdom and this results in the erosion of the values ​​contained in local wisdom traditions. Therefore, the Independent Curriculum is present in history learning by creating new content, namely the integration of material regarding local wisdom. Kirab Sesaji is one of the local wisdoms in Wonosari Village, Gunung Kawi and contains many local wisdom values. The purpose of writing this research is to (1.) Outline the local wisdom content of history learning in the Merdeka Curriculum; (2). Explain the meaning of Kirab Sesaji tradition, and; (3). Find out the relevance of the local wisdom values ​​of the Carnival of Offerings in the history learning of the Merdeka Curriculum. The research method used is a qualitative method with literature studies and interviews. The data collected came from primary sources, namely oral interviews with the resource person Suwito as the head of Wonosari village, and secondary sources using literature studies such as exploration of journals, books and other library sources to support writing. The results of the research concluded that Kirab Sesaji contains local wisdom values ​​in the form of religious values, cultural values, social values ​​and educational values ​​that are relevant to the profile of Pancasila students studying history in the Merdeka Curriculum. The traditions and values ​​of Local Wisdom contained in the Kirab Sesaji also have relevance to the history learning phase E class X regarding the material coverage of the Islamic Kingdom in Indonesia.

Dayah Is an Islamic Educational Institution for the Acehnese Community

This article aims to analyze Dayah as an Islamic educational institution in Aceh. This research uses qualitative methods with the type of library study. The research results found that Dayah, as the oldest Islamic educational institution in Southeast Asia, has a long history, unique Islamic education system, and characteristics and has played an important role in the order of life from the time of the Islamic kingdoms until now. Through a deeper understanding of Dayah, we can appreciate the important role this institution plays in maintaining the community's religious identity.

Growth and Development of Islamic Kingdoms in Java

Islam is the most common religion of the Indonesian populace. The function of scholars and Muslims in Indonesia is inextricably linked to the introduction of Islam. merchants in the formation of several Indonesian kingdoms that practice Islam. We discovered evidence of the expansion of Islam throughout the nation, one of which is the various traces of the Islamic kingdom of Indonesia, especially those found in the Javanese islands. This research discusses the process of growth and development of Islamic kingdoms in Java in certain historical periods. Through analysis of historical sources, this research reveals the factors that influenced political and religious conversion in the region. The role of ulama, trade and cultural interactions between Islamic kingdoms in Java are the main focus in understanding social and political changes. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide further insight into the dynamics of the history of Islam in Java. In this context, the spread of Islam in Java is not only limited to the religious aspect, but also includes the transformation of political institutions and social systems. This research documents how local authorities adopted Islamic teachings as the basis for legitimizing power, as well as how social norms changed over time.

Pengembangan Media Buku Cerita Digital Pada Pembelajaran IPS Materi Kerajaan Islam Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

This research is the development of digital storybook media in social studies learning material on the Islamic kingdom in grade IV elementary school. This was done because of students' lack of interest in learning social studies in elementary schools. This research aims to design, test the feasibility and determine the response to digital storybook media in elementary schools. The method used in the research is Design and Development using the ADDIE model development which includes 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Research participants consisted of material experts, linguistic experts, media experts as well as users, namely teachers and students, to obtain the results of the feasibility assessment of the learning media that had been created, as well as responses from users. The data analysis techniques used include data collection, data presentation, data reduction and drawing conclusions to answer the proposed problem formulation. Therefore, the digital storybook learning media was designed using Canva and ibispaintX as application platforms. Responses from material experts, media experts and language experts received very good responses and were worth testing with elementary school students. The response from student users and teachers received a positive response. From these responses, digital storybook media is suitable for use in learning and has received positive responses from students and teachers.

HISTORICITY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN THE NUSANTARA

The development of Islamic education cannot be separated from Islam itself, including through cultural acculturation. There are various ways in the development of Islam and Islamic education in Indonesia, including through trade, marriage, education, politics, art, Sufism, all of which help and support the spread of Islamic teachings. Along with the entry of Islam, Islamic educational institutions also run and develop in order to propagate Islam in Indonesia. In this journal, the author will explain qualitatively with a descriptive method to discuss in detail and in depth the discussion of the historicity of Islamic education in Indonesia.
 The history of Indonesian Islamic education is essentially very closely related to the history of Indonesian Islam, the historical period of Islamic education is also contained in the history of Islam. Both are closely related and work together in guiding and spreading the religion and Islamic education. This journal will explain the history of Islamic education in Indonesia during the Islamic empire, the colonial period, and the independence period.
 Keywords: Historical Islamic Education, Islamic Education during the Islamic Kingdom, Colonial Period, and Independence Period

Perkembangan Hukum Keluarga Islam Pada Masa Kerajaan di Indonesia

This article discusses three Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, namely the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom (1496 AD – 1903), the Islamic Mataram Kingdom (1588-1681), and the Gowa-Tallo Kingdom (1591-1669). The main focus is on the government system, judiciary, and legal sources used by the three kingdoms. The Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, located in Aceh, Sumatra, has an organized and efficient government system. They developed a military education system, fought European imperialism, and had a strong commitment to Islam. Sources of law include custom, law, qanun, reusam, and the book of fiqh, with the Sultan as the supreme law maker. The Islamic Mataram Kingdom, established in Java, combined Hindu-Islam through Islamization. The government system integrates Islamic law and Javanese customs. Sultan Agung implemented Islamic law in the judiciary, incorporating civil and criminal law, and appointed individuals with an understanding of Islam in the judiciary. The Kingdom of Gowa-Tallo in Sulawesi adopted Islam as its official religion in 1605 AD. The King of Gowa-Tallo appointed sharia officials equivalent to adek officials, established a level III court, and managed zakat and alms funds to support Islamic religious justice. These three kingdoms demonstrate the importance of Islam in the government, justice and legal systems of Indonesia's past, combining religious teachings with local traditions to create a system that functioned effectively.

Religious Moderation in Constantinople in the Resolution of Political Conflicts in the 14th Century

The Islamic conquest of Constantinople in the 14th century is a captivating historical episode in history that continues to intrigue historians. It stands out due to the involvement of two major world religions - Islam and Christianity. Furthermore, this conquest marked the end of the Roman civilization. One notable aspect of this conquest was the harmonious relationship between Muslims and Christians, which persisted before and after the event. This study aims to explore the implementation of religious moderation in Constantinople to resolve political conflicts. Adopting a historical methodology, the research collects data through extensive documentation and literature studies, employing a socio-political approach. The findings highlight that religious moderation played a crucial role in conflict resolution during the 14th century in Constantinople. The concept of religious moderation was not only applied before the conquest, but also after it. Before the conquest, the value of moderation was demonstrated through peaceful negotiations between the Islamic kingdom and the Catholic prelate in Rome. Several treaties were agreed upon, emphasizing the importance of faith and peaceful dialogue over resorting to military confrontation. Following the conquest, Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih exemplified religious moderation by engaging in negotiations with the inhabitants of Hagia Sophia. They agreed an agreement allowing Christians to continue practicing their faith despite being under Islamic rule. Additionally, al-Fatih displayed respectful treatment towards the prelate and Christian warlords, further exemplifying the value of moderation. The findings of this study shed light on the significance of religious moderation in resolving conflicts and offer a fascinating insight into the history of Constantinople during this period

WAKAF SEBAGAI DASAR MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN DAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA

Before the Indonesian nation proclaimed its independence, the Indonesian people had often made waqf. This waqf practice is in line with the many Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, such as the Demak kingdom, the Pasai kingdom, the Mataram kingdom and so on. The implementation of waqf that develops in society is carried out based on Islamic teachings that originate from Islamic values. Looking at waqf historically, it has actually taught Muslims the importance of continuous economic resources to ensure ongoing prosperity in society. Waqf as an economic instrument that gives life to its managers and the community. Waqf is an important socio-economic pattern of worship. Waqf is to build the economy and civilization. Waqf has an economic basis. Therefore, we must make waqf the backbone of sharia economic development. In building an Islamic economy, waqf cannot stand alone, but is a package with zakat, infaq and alms. The author sees the concept of cash waqf in Aceh as having tremendous potential to support the economic development of the people, because the funds are also available from sources of zakat, infaq, endowments, and other religious assets. These sources of funds are managed in an integrated manner at Baitul Mal Aceh. The management of zakat and waqf is not separate as at the national level. According to classical Islamic history, waqf has played a very significant role in improving the welfare of Muslims, both in the fields of education, health services, social services and public interests, religious activities, development of science and Islamic civilization in general. Waqf as an economic instrument that gives life to its managers and the community. Not the other way around, waqf only becomes a burden on managers and demands a helping hand of generosity from the community. Waqf during the friendship era has become an economic source and financing for the development of science, such as during the Caliphate era of Harun al Rasyid with the Bayt al Hikmah library which was financed by waqf wealth.

Spices and Diplomacy of the Banten Sultanate with Foreign Kingdoms in the 16th- 19th Century

The Banten Sultanate was a pre-Indonesian Islamic kingdom from the 16th to early 19th centuries. Banten developed as a kingdom based on trade, its main commodity being pepper. In the 17th century, pepper became a spice with high value, so Banten used it as a diplomatic tool apart from being a trade commodity. As the destination of many foreign traders, it encouraged Banten to communicate with several kingdoms. Through historical research methods and a literature review, this article attempts to see diplomacy as one of the political activities of pre-Indonesian kingdoms. As a result, it can be seen that the Banten Sultanate carried out its diplomatic activities with several kingdoms, for example, Mecca (Ottoman), the Netherlands, England, Denmark, and France. This activity can be known from Banten's correspondence with the foreign kingdom and is supported by the chronicle narrative as colonial historiography. In this activity, the sultan of Banten often included several gifts, one of which was a large amount of pepper. Therefore, letters and other manuscripts can show Banten's position in diplomacy with other kingdoms, and pepper has an important role.

PERAN WALI SONGO DALAM MENYEBARKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI INDONESIA

The spread of Islam to the archipelago started with merchants who wanted to trade in the archipelago. In pre-Wali Songo, precisely in the 12-13th century, the system of spreading Islam was by the da'wah method, with various multi-beliefs and cultures in society, so that the significance of belief in Islam amid society was marked by the emergence of new kingdoms, namely Islamic kingdoms with strength and followers with large numbers, then non-Islamic kingdoms at that time decreased in strength due to the proportion that became a minority. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method with a literature study approach that refers to several research data sources and data collection techniques in the form of wali songo studies. The focus of the research that will be raised is the role of the Wali Songo in spreading Islam in Indonesia. The data collection technique used in this study was the library research method, namely library research and the data analysis technique used in this study was a descriptive method. In spreading the teachings of Islam, Wali Songo has several strategies that can be accepted by the community by infiltrating local wisdom in Indonesia.

Western Colonization and the Powerlessness of the Islamic World

Background. The Muslim world experienced several second peaks of glory during the reign of three great empires, the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal (Indian) empires. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to reveal in depth the history of Islam during the 1800-1900 AD and broaden the horizons of knowledge for writers and readers. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal what factors caused the decline of Islam at that time as well as how the West dominated science at that time? Method. This research uses manuscript studies or known as research with the literature study method. The study of Islamic history texts in the modern period is also the object of this research which shows how this period displays the decline of Islam and the glory of the West. Results. The three great Islamic empires of the Ottomans, Safavids and Mughals, which were able to "alleviate" the image of Islam from backwardness and subsequently "restore" its reputation in international eyes, lasted only until the seventeenth century. In the following period, it fell back into an atmosphere of decline in many aspects, such as in the political and military fields, economics, and science. Conclusion. In addition, these three Islamic kingdoms did not have the same spirit in the development of science as happened during the first advancement period. Meanwhile, Europe experienced significant progress in various aspects, especially in science, due to the influence of thoughts from figures such as Ibn Rushd and European thinkers who created technological advances such as the steam engine.

Growth and Development of Islam in Sumatra (Literature Review on the 3 Islamic Kingdoms in Sumatra)

<p><em>This research aims to understand the early introduction of Islam to Sumatra and the Islamic kingdoms in the region by examining the history of religious and governmental development in the area. The research utilizes a combination of literature review and historical analysis approaches. The findings indicate that 1) Islam has been present in this region since an early period. Muslim traders, preachers, and religious teachers from various regions such as Arabia, India, Persia, and China played a crucial role in spreading Islam in Sumatra. The Islamic kingdoms of Samudera Pasai, Aceh, and Minangkabau serve as evidence of the significant development of Islam in the region. 2) The history of Islamic development during the Islamic kingdoms in Sumatra is as follows: a) During the reign of Samudera Pasai, the kingdom became a center for Islamic studies and a gathering place for scholars from various Islamic countries to discuss religious and worldly matters. b) The Aceh Darussalam Kingdom became a center for the development of Islam in Indonesia during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda. In Aceh, the Baiturrahman Mosque, places of worship, and Islamic study institutions were built. c) During the era of the Minangkabau Islamic Kingdom, many aspects of customary practices that contradicted Islamic teachings were gradually eliminated, and the fundamental rules of customs were replaced with Islamic principles. The famous Minangkabau adage, "Adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah," means that Minangkabau customs are based on Islam, which in turn is based on the Quran and Hadith.</em></p>

Religious Jurisdiction System: A Comparison In Brunei Darussalam And The Philippines

Brunei Darussalam is a country that has an absolute monarchy style of government based on Islamic law with the Sultan serving as Head of State and Head of Government, concurrently serving as Prime Minister and Minister of Defense assisted by the Advisory Council of the Sultanate and several Ministers. Brunei or also called the Malay Islamic Kingdom (MIB) made Islam its national ideology. The method used in this study uses Library Research which is a data collection technique by examining various literature including journals, books, magazines, and other data sources, to link the results obtained from these various sources. Brunei's legal system is based on English common law, with an independent judiciary, judicial bodies, written common law statutes, and statutes passed by the Sultan. Courts have different jurisdictions, so the sentences imposed are different. The courts at that time were: (1) Resident Court, (2) First Instance Court, (3) Second Instance Court, and (4) Indigenous and Kathis Magistrates Court. Meanwhile, the Philippine Legal System is a blend of the Roman Civil Law System and the Anglo-American Common Law System. The Civil Law system operates in areas such as family relations, property, succession, contracts, and criminal law while the statutes and basic principles of Common Law are evident in areas such as constitutional law, procedure, corporate law, negotiating instruments, taxation, insurance, labor partner work, and banking law. Islamic law prevails and is recognized in parts of Mindanao with the establishment of Shari'ah courts. This research aims to find out how the religious justice system is in Brunei Darussalam and the Philippines