Islamic Architecture Research Articles

The Impact of the Religious Factor on the Urban Growth of the Tourist Person in theCenters of theHoly cities (Holy Shrineof Imam Ali As AModel)

The manifestations of human existence coincided in the concept of the sacred religious factor outside the physical framework of things which came through the diversity of the cognitive meanings of sacred symbols ranging from the deep sense of the past. Since creation the man tries to provide with the material and spiritual need of life needs that have affected his lifestyle. It is one of the most prominent cultural aspects in the Arab cities, which were characterized by Islamic architecture and gave it its distinctive spirit, which was reflected in its cultural outputs, notably the city and the buildings of the Islamic cities and the manifestations of support for urban life in Islam, focusing on the settlement of the nomadic population in the centers of cities and stability which allowed Muslims to urbanization and stability Under the doctrine of a new religion is not a traditional process of settlement of the population, but settled on a new religious and urban foundations under the dissemination of the Islamic call and conquests carried out by the Islamic armies. Planning is not only based on the economic situation and the physical aspects, but the Islamic city has been planning and building from the beginning to meet the desires of the human and satisfy his psychological, spiritual and material needs.

Prioritizing the effect of “Light” in the religious places and environments with an emphasis on the sense of spirituality

The current study aimed to study the light and its intensity in the case study (Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore). In the first section, the research method was field research and descriptive-analytical, and in the second section, the study was conducted using Analytic Hierarchy Process. The statistical population included experts in Islamic architecture, environmental psychology, and conservation. The research tools were visual questionnaires and the available software in this regard to analyze the data and simulate the lux intensity. The lighting confusion in the religious places, such as churches, caused issues that made the researchers consider developing codified principles and regulations to measure the required light in the interior environment of these buildings and direct the interior quality of the religious places to improve the spiritual aspect based on these principles.

The Integrative Transition in the Islamic Style between The Mamelukes’ and Ottoman Eras (Analytical Study of Interior Design of Sunqur Al Saadi School and the Dervish Theater "Sama Khanna" - Cairo, Egypt)

The Integrative Transition in the Islamic Style between The Mamelukes’ and Ottoman Eras (Analytical Study of Interior Design of Sunqur Al Saadi School and the Dervish Theater "Sama Khanna" - Cairo, Egypt)

The Traditional Culture of Dogon (Mali) in the Context of Islamic Civilization.

The article examines the phenomenon of the penetration of elements of pre-Islamic decor into the architecture of mosques in the Dogon Country (Mali). In the case of Dogon architecture, one can observe a very peculiar version of the interaction of traditional culture with Islam. In itself, the use of forms and types of architectural structures traditional for the given territory is well known - it is enough to recall the Ottoman mosques. With the Dogon, the situation is different: the architecture of mosques reproduces not just the decor of a building directly related to traditional religion, but precisely those details of it that are associated with the worship of "idols", or fetishes. Similar incidents were recorded in other areas of Dogon modern traditional culture. A typical example is the prophet Amabir (Amabirɛ, “Creation of the Lord”, abbreviated as Abirɛ) Goro (Goro), who owns the prophecy that some day or other the Dogon will return to the Mande Country. The Dogon consider Amabire, and not Muhammad, the "last prophet" and connect the legend about him with the history of Islam in Mali. These cases indicate the penetration of pagan elements into Muslim architecture, as well as the penetration of Islam into pagan folklore and a clear desire to link them with each other. So this is evidence of the synthesis of Islam and traditional culture: pagan elements of Dogon heritage are no longer recognized as such, and Islamic elements are not identified by the Dogon only with religion.

Francine Giese, Mercedes Volait, Ariane Varela Braga, À l’orientale: Collecting, Displaying and Appropriating Islamic Art and Architecture in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

Francine Giese, Mercedes Volait, Ariane Varela Braga, À l’orientale: Collecting, Displaying and Appropriating Islamic Art and Architecture in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

The Anecdotal Archive: Building Design, Oral History, and the Notion of an Alevi Place of Worship

Scholarly investigation of communities with oral teaching traditions and vernacular building designs must step beyond established research frameworks for Islamic religious architecture to challenge typological and document-based categorizations of monumental buildings. Alevism’s student-teacher based socio-religious structure and service-oriented approaches to community life and religious expression, both in Turkey and in other parts of the world, shape interpretations of ceremonial cemevis, the houses of the cem ceremony. Alevi discussions of this architecture must play a significant role in the scholarly analysis of these sites. In this article, I emphasize the role of oral history in architectural studies by conducting interviews with architects who have participated in design competitions and contributed to a dialogue on a nascent contemporary Alevi monumental idiom. The article also highlights the considerations that arise in the course of examining both traditional and modern Alevi spaces, and reflects on the role of engagement with Alevis when researching cemevis and ceremonial settings.

Research on Muqarnas in Islamic architecture to recognize Muqarnas in Tabriz

Research on Muqarnas in Islamic architecture to recognize Muqarnas in Tabriz

Monumental Management, Landscape Iconography and the “Muslim Other” in Interwar Greece

This paper focuses on the treatment of historical Islamic buildings in interwar Greece so as to investigate how the notion of Muslim Otherness is (re)produced through practices dealing with monumental management and the iconography of landscape. After the Population Exchange between Greece and Turkey (1924) a preservation initiative for Islamic architecture was launched, yet this clashed with the fact that former Muslim real estate was a financial asset in the implementation of the Exchange. Focusing on the case of Crete, the paper discusses the official and social negotiations that emerged, in this context, over the creation of an otherized heritage. It analyses the means used to re-signify Islamic cultural markers as part of the state’s monumental iconography, but also as historical and mnemonic indicators within changing cityscapes, showing how these means (re)produced a view of Muslims as an historical alterity in the Greek territory. The paper also explores the public effect triggered by such visual prompts, in relation to dominant conceptions of national and local identity. Reflecting on the entanglement between the alterity of the historical marker and that of religious / cultural difference, the paper discusses how discursive constructions of Otherness relate to claims on space and place, elucidating socio-political aspects of the making of the historic landscape.

Minimalism in architecture: a basis for resource conservation and sustainable development

In a novel way, modern architecture has a great influence and impact on present-day contemporary architecture. Since the late 1980s, ?minimalism in architecture has been taken into consideration. Less is more is emphasized, which adheres to the philosophy of filling the space with the necessary items and clearing unneeded clutter to allow room for significant materials and objects. With simple shapes and clear lines, a neutral color scheme, and plain textures, minimalism exudes calm. Minimalism is about eliminating life's excesses. We can find freedom, contentment, and the ability to concentrate on what matters most. Whether it was during the sustainable era or in the twenty-first century, minimalism is adopting the conventional "less is more" way of life. In addition to displaying a wide range of hues, architecture is a form of art. Iranian architecture embodies historical grandeur and devotion, a commitment to religious education, and a rejection of materialism. It is a product of Islamic civilization. However, recycling well-known architectural features like minarets, courtyards, and mashrabiya frequently runs afoul of modern trends in architecture, which are not necessarily opposed to the fundamentals of Islamic architecture. Minimalism is regarded as a fundamental resource and an alternative to the present standard aesthetic. In order to draw designers with sustainable goals' attention to the relationships between minimalism and sustainability, the following questions are briefly addressed in this paper. How does minimalist design work? What does minimalist design entail? Is the minimalist style the best style for environmentally friendly architecture? This paper tries to attempt to examine a minimalist aesthetic for sustainable building and design. This paper discusses a comprehensive overview and analysis of minimalism and its guiding principles in architecture. It also continues by outlining the features and minimalistic foundations of Islamic architecture.

New Books across the Disciplines

New Books across the Disciplines

Islamophobia as a Phenotypical Racism: The Case of the Islamic Style of Clothing in Turkey

There are many more debates about Islamophobia’s racist dispositions in a Muslim-majority society, but the way these dispositions are exercised would be better studied if the fundamental causes were addressed first. Any form of racism can be defined as premeditated acts of degradation, humiliation, and hatred that occur in the context of everyday or regular actions. In previous centuries, racism was limited to phenotypic characteristics such as skin color, hair color, and eye color, but in today’s age of image, phenotypes have been transformed into body extensions such as clothing, resulting in a new type of “racial bias” directed at those who appear to be different from the rest of society. Turkey stands out above many other Muslim countries in terms of culture, traditions, and history, as one of the few superpowers to have ruled over a vast territory without being colonized at any point in its history. The transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic, the social fabric was forced to transform into a new pattern. By showing, representing, and projecting Islam as a specter of reactionary forces, it was alleged it may be eradicated from people’s daily lives. Islam was labelled a public enemy, along with anything that reminded people of it; women were singled out for their outer clothing standards. The self-proclaimed emancipators were able to save and free women from their oppressors by portraying them as meek and backward. Some people in Muslim-majority nations may be treated differently solely because of their phenotypical physical distinctions, which could be termed racism and eventually lead to Islamophobia.

Integrasi Islam dan Budaya Lokal dalam Seni Arsitektur Masjid Kuno di Jawa: Sebuah Tinjauan Umum

Abstract This article will explain about the integration of Islam and local culture in the architecture of ancient mosques in Java. The architecture of the ancient mosque to this day is still considered to have a deep meaning. The encounter with local culture and Islam, made Islam transformed into a religion that sees the existing reality. Civilization is in the form of a physical stand firmly in its nuances of locality. Mosques are historical relics for Muslims as evidence that Islamic history has succeeded in bringing civilization to a stop in Java. The mosque is a center for da'wah, education and socio-religious activities. So the establishment of the mosque is not a matter of physical considerations, but metaphysical. The method that the author uses is the historical method. This article only looks at an overview of the architecture of ancient mosques in Java. The content of the discussion describes how Islamic architecture in Java, architectural development, integration of Islam and culture in the art of ancient mosque architecture in Java. In conclusion, there is no certain standard in building and establishing mosques in Java. The architectural style of Javanese Islamic mosques has given its own characteristics for Islam in Java.

The Architecture of a Mosque Without a Dome as a Trace of the Development of Muslim Intellectuals

The architectural style of the mosque without the dome is becoming a phenomenon in the development of Islamic architecture this decade. The dome, which has been a symbol of Islam for hundreds of years, seems to no longer be the main target of mosque design, both in the world and in Indonesia. Seen by the increasing number of architects who build mosques without domes. What underlies this change? What is the change in thinking or intellectual power of the Muslim community, underlying this change? This study uses descriptive analysis method, namely the analysis process is carried out based on theoretical studies with literature studies, journals, magazines, and observations in the field. The result is, the pattern of Muslim intellectual thought in the Islamic reform era resulted in the Islamization of science, namely, adapting Islamic thought to modern knowledge. This era of Islamic reform, left an imprint on the architectural design of the mosque in accordance with the principles of architectural science and the purification of the philosophy of the mosque of the era of Rasulullah SAW, namely honest, simple, geometric, with little ornamentation and without a dome, and adapted to the local culture.

Traditional Islamic House (Ottoman House) Architecture, in Old Fatimid Cairo and Rosetta Cities, Egypt - An Example of Sustainable Architecture

The unique Traditional Islamic architecture characterizes some cities in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The purpose of the study is to highlight the significance of the Traditional Islamic house design, architectural elements, and the use of low-technology in house construction concerning sustainable architecture, in Old Fatimid Cairo and Rosetta (Rashid) cities. The study's method includes a literature review; with an overview of the history, the urban form, and the Islamic house design and architectural elements influenced by the local Islamic context (natural and cultural environments). A field survey included: the selection of eleven examples, five from Old Fatimid Cairo city and six examples from Rosetta (Rashid) city representing the most famous houses including the different architectural elements, and analyzing its components, the house design, spatial organization, building materials, house elements, courtyard, Mashrabiyah, wind catchers, and the construction system. Moreover, a comparative study for the selected Islamic houses illustrates the contexts' impact on the house design. In conclusion, the study highlighted the significance of Islamic house design and low-technology in house design and construction, which could be considered sustainable architecture and developed in the form of advanced technology in the future.

SOCIAL THEOLOGY OF CHINESE MUSLIM: FROM ISLAMIC INCLUSIVISM TOWARDS SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

This study examined the role and actions of the Chinese Muslim community in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, embodied through an organization called the Indonesian Chinese Islamic Association and the Haji Muhammad Cheng Hoo Indonesia Foundation. Through these two organizations, Chinese Muslims demonstrated anti-mainstream Islamic expressions. They did not so reveal Islamic style, which entirely dominated in rituals and ceremonials. Still, they articulated Islam through social movements to adapt and gain legitimacy from the local Muslims and attract non-Muslim Chinese sympathies on Islam. Based on a qualitative approach, this study found out that by maintaining cultural identity as Chinese, this community ensured that being a good Muslim was not in binary opposition by being authentic Chinese. The experience of the Chinese Muslim community in Surabaya determined that theology was not only a religious issue but also a social problem. Chinese Muslim social theology in Surabaya is an expression of cosmopolitan Islam and successfully well integrated with an inclusive Chinese identity. Social theology demonstrated two dimensions dialectically-integral, the harmonious fusion of Islamic inclusivism and active participation in overcoming various social problems

REPETITIVE ELEMENTS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES IN ANCIENT AND CONTEMPORARY MOSQUES

Mosques are the most important buildings in Islamic architectures. They represent the place of worship for Muslims. Like other architectural buildings, they consist of components and repeated elements forming their general structures. However, some of these formal elements have changed due to the mosque development and the contemporary trends. Therefore, this research was conducted to discover the repetitive use of the elements and the differences between ancient and contemporary mosques by studying ten samples of mosques. It showed the difference between these two periods in terms of element repetition and utilization. Moreover, it tried to find the related objectives of repetitive use within these two periods. It concluded that some elements from the ancient period were used repetitively in the contemporary mosques. Based on the analysis findings, the design objective is achieved by the repetitive use in both periods. Furthermore, the repetitive use of the elements as structural objective takes second place in ancient mosques. Meanwhile, the environmental objective is second to achieve in contemporary mosques.

THE FORMATION AND INFLUENCE OF THE MILITARY ARCHITECTURE IN OMAN DURING AL-YA'ARIBA PERIOD (1034-1162 AH/1624–1749 AD)

Despite its richness, the research corpus published about Islamic architecture presents some discontinuities in the knowledge of the architecture in the lands ruled by Muslims. Similarly, the dynamics of influence that might have operated between the "monumental" architecture in these lands and their popular architectures are insufficiently addressed. Moreover, the material culture related to the Islamic civilization is almost exclusively studied as a product that has stopped evolving. The architecture produced during Al-Ya'ariba (Al- Ya'rubi) Imamate (1624-1749) is an instance of these understudied topics in the history of Islamic architecture. This research argues that Al-Ya'rubi Imamate is not only an important chapter in the history of Oman, the Arabian Peninsula, Indian Ocean, and Eastern Africa, but also the architecture of this period has created the identity of Omani architecture as we know it today. Nonetheless, there is no architectural production in this era both in the major references and scientific publications of Islamic architecture in the 17th and 18th centuries. Through field research, comparative analysis, and literature review of the history of Omani architecture, especially in the 17th -18th centuries, this research examines the military architecture in Oman during Al-Ya'ariba Imamate including its reference, and its influence on other architectures. It is a contribution to the scientific endeavour to address this specific architectural typology from the perspective of its mechanism of (trans) formation and its continuity of forms until the contemporary architecture of Oman.

INTERNALIZATION OF ISLAMIC VALUES IN THE 21st CENTURY CONSTRUCTION ORNAMENTS

This article aims to determine the concepts as well as some Islamic construction ornaments that contain Islamic values. Art and spirituality will not be complete if they do not touch on architecture, so Islamic architecture has an important meaning from the perspective of spirituality. In the 21st century, there are architectural issues in how buildings respond to the environment. Therefore, buildings including ornaments must be environmentally friendly and apply the concept of simplicity design and apply appropriate technology. The research used is library research with descriptive methods. The result of this research is that the art of decoration is one of the most important character building elements in Islamic architecture. Types of typical Middle Eastern ornaments include calligraphy, geometric ornaments, and arabesk.

The Beauty of Iraqi Shrines and Their Reflection in Iraqi Painting

This research deals with the study of (the aesthetics of the Iraqi shrines and its reflection in modern Iraqi painting) and is located in two axes: The first theoretical axis is devoted to (a statement of the research problem and its importance, its objectives, its limits, and the definition of terminology). The research problem is summarized in answering this question: What are the aesthetic features of the Iraqi shrines? What is the extent of its reflection in modern Iraqi painting? The importance of this research was evident in addressing the artistic and emotional beauty of the shrines' status on the individual and their great impact on it, which prompted Iraqi artists to master their simulation to be reflected in their many artistic achievements in different ways, so there was a necessary and urgent need for this study represented in leadership in some of its aspects, and it was not studied in this way. And to occupy an important place in the national, Arab and Islamic libraries that deal with this type of study. This axis also included two topics: The first section dealt with the aesthetic features of Islamic architecture represented by domes and minarets, their decoration, sanctity and distinctive colors. However, the second topic dealt with the styles of artists (Ismail AlSheikhly, Widad Al-Orfali, Salman Abbas and Ayath Al-Doori). But the second axis (applied) was concerned with the procedures, as it included (the adult research community and its sample models, its method and tool, and the analysis and discussion of the sample models). Then the conclusion, which contained the results of the research, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals. Then he mentioned the margins and the most important sources that were adopted in this study.

Excavations on the Coral Mosques of the Maldives

Abstract This report presents the results of an archaeological mission done in the Maldives archipelago located to the south-west of India, in the Indian Ocean. In November 2017, we carried out archaeological excavations and surveys as well as collected oral traditions on two sites, the Fandiyaaru Mosque and Koagannu Cemetery in Hulhumeeddhoo town on Addu Atoll and the Friday Mosque of Fenfushi on Alifu Dhaalu Atoll. Two outcomes were expected from our mission: first, to provide new scientific data on the coral mosques of the Maldives in order to improve the chances of success of nomination of the mosques on the World Heritage List of UNESCO; then to support the conservation project of the Maldivian government and international organisations such as UNESCO and the World Monuments Fund (WMF). One major question during our excavation was the continuity of the settlements from pre-Islamic cultures and influences from Buddhist architecture on local Islamic architecture.