Islamic Arab Research Articles

The Arab Islamic City: Building the True Religion

This research aims to find correspondence between the principles of religion and their synonyms at the level of planning and architecture. It monitors the teachings of the true religion by tracing the built environment in the Arab Islamic city. It followed the descriptive analytical approach by looking at urban planning and architecture, and the corresponding Qur’anic verses and Prophetic Hadiths. The problem of the research lies in proving that Islam has harnessed planning and architecture to create an urban space to house its followers and implement its laws on the ground. The research hypothesis is that this city is specific to Islam, as it bears its name and is located within its geography. This research resulted in the fact that the city is essential to the true religion, and it presents it to the world as a living model of the Muslim nation, as it represents his method of calling to God Almighty, and this is unique in the history of cities and religions. It came as a result consistent with the fact that Islam is essentially a religion of civilization, and its city is considered an embodiment of its teachings. In his article, “Islam and Civilization”, Georges Marçais emphasizes that Islam only appeared in a civilized society, and that the city is necessary for the implementation of Islamic rituals, especially congregational prayer. He says: In the city, one finds the virtues of Islam represented by mosques, schools, and other facilities.

The Impact of Financial Technology on returns of shares for Jordanian Islamic Banks

This research aims to elucidate the profound impact of financial technology (FinTech) on the returns of shares for Jordanian Islamic banks, specifically, Jordan Islamic Bank, Arab Islamic Bank, and Safwa Islamic Bank. Using the descriptive analytical method, appropriate for the nature of the study, comprehensive data was meticulously gathered from various studies and reports, addressing both theoretical and empirical dimensions. The study encompasses the entire population of Jordanian Islamic banks.Through a rigorous analysis of FinTech trends spanning 2016 to 2021, the research establishes statistically significant differences (at a significance level of α≤0.05) among Jordanian Islamic banks regarding their FinTech adoption. Furthermore, the study discerns statistically significant variations in the returns of shares for Jordanian Islamic banks during the same timeframe.The findings underscore the need for strategic initiatives, including targeted marketing campaigns, to enhance awareness of electronic banking. Additionally, emphasis should be placed on fortifying the security and confidentiality elements integral to electronic banking services. This research provides valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders in the ever-evolving landscape of Islamic banking and financial technology.

The Hyperreality of Identity Politics on Social Media

Religious-based identity political content is widespread on social media, raising voter polarization and social conflict. This research revealed the religious commodification of political buzzers for political identity and the hyperreality created on social media to attack their political opponents with identity politics. It used a qualitative commodification perspective by Jean Baudrillard. The data source was identity political content produced by buzzers from 03 October 2022 to 03 May 2023 or since the NasDem Party declared Anies Baswedan a presidential candidate. The results suggested that political buzzers coordinatedly use religion as a political commodity to build hatred through the Kadrun hashtag. In the 2019 elections, this hashtag successfully created a radical stigma among groups supporting Prabowo-Sandi and is now used to attack Anies supporters. Besides, the hyperreality created by the buzzers is the symbolization of Arab Islam to label Anies and his supporters, and indigenous Islam to describe cultural Islamic groups or native Indonesian Islam. Through social media, Arab Islam is simulated as a group full of conflict and supporting the caliphate while indigenous Islam is a peace-loving and nationalist group, which leads to widespread social disintegration, not only among Muslims in the country but also sentiment among Arab descendants in Indonesia. The impact of extreme identity politics can encourage radicalization and violence, especially when there are narratives that manipulate feelings of injustice or threats to the identity of certain groups.

The Role of Direct Credit Facilities in Financing Small and Medium Enterprises in Jordan Case Study (Islamic International Arab Bank)

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the role of Islamic banks operating in Jordan (Islamic International Arab Bank) in providing appropriate financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, and on the effectiveness of the financing methods adopted in the Jordanian Islamic banks to finance small and medium-sized projects, and on the most important obstacles and difficulties facing Islamic banks (Islamic International Arab Bank) when providing appropriate financing to small and medium-sized enterprises. Methods: The study relied on the descriptive approach in order to describe and explain the role of Islamic banks in financing small and medium enterprises and to identify the most important obstacles faced by Islamic banks. Results: The study concluded that there is a role for Islamic banks in financing small and medium enterprises, which is a strong relationship, since the correlation coefficient is 99.8, and there is an effectiveness of Islamic financing formulas in financing small and medium enterprises. There are some obstacles that Islamic banks (International Arab Islamic Bank) face when providing financing to small and medium enterprises. Conclusion: The study recommended the need for the competent authorities such as the Central Bank to work to provide the elements of success for Islamic banks because of their important role in providing financing for small and medium enterprises. And that Islamic banks should provide feasibility studies for the projects that provide financing to them.

Technological turbulence as hindrance between factors influencing readiness of senior management and implementing blockchain technology in Jordanian Islamic banks: a structural equation modeling approach

The purpose of the study was to identify the factors that influence senior management for adopting blockchain technology in the banking industry in general and Islamic banking in particular. Furthermore, the research addressed the moderating role of technological turbulence as it holds a significant hindering role. This study employed the analytical approach, and the data were collected through questionnaires distributed to several senior management employees in both the Jordan Islamic Bank and the Islamic Arab Bank. The research instrument was developed and confirmed by the experts in the field. For identifying the significance of the variables incorporated in the researchers applied structural equation modeling technique. The findings revealed that economic efficiency, bank security, customer expectations, education, training and preparation all are significant predictors of readiness for implementing blockchain technology in the Islamic banks in Jordan. The study concluded that blockchain technology should be adopted by all Islamic banks because of its advantages and also the management needs to be educated regarding the same; they should be provided appropriate training.

The Image Debate: Investigating the Rationale Behind Aniconism in Islamic Arab Societies

Over the centuries, there has been plenty written and documented about Muslims’ attitudes towards the arts. Many scholars of Islam claim that the faith as a whole is opposed to the visual representation of living things, however, a look at representational art and images created in Muslim societies— past and present— tell a different story. A study of the Holy Qur’an will show that no prohibition exists in Islam that applies to all representational images. This article investigates the origins of how, why, and where ideas about prohibition developed, from a historical perspective, in order to explore what led some contemporary Muslim societies to develop, maintain, and create a generational succession of opposition to images in everyday life and within the visual arts. The sources included in the article will also shed light on how social, cultural, and political situations that contributed to aniconism and iconoclasm in some situations.

The Portrait of Islamic Arab Descendant Community in Maintaining Identity and Diversity in Bali

The Portrait of Islamic Arab Descendant Community in Maintaining Identity and Diversity in Bali

Islam during the Time of Pandemics: Islamic Arab Scholars’ Framing of covid-19

Abstract In the Arab countries, restrictions on events and gatherings due to covid-19 have as elsewhere affected religious practices. Mosques and churches have been closed temporarily and religious authorities have taken part in public discussions about the meaning and way of dealing with covid-19. In this context, the article explores the interaction between state and religion by analysing the arguments used by Muslim authorities to legitimize or challenge the Arab states’ politics towards covid-19 in the spring 2020. The scientific and secular arguments of the states are met by three positionings among Muslim authorities: Those who based on religious dogma agree with and confirm the states’ approach to covid-19; those who argue that religion gives all the answers; and those who discard and distrust the states’ motives and dealings. Accordingly, handling the covid-19 in the Arab countries repeats frequent positions in the continuing discussion on religion in Arab societies.

Rus ve İsrailli Oryantalistlerin Çalışmaları Etrafında Oryantalizm Tarifi: ‘el-İstişrâk el-Rûsîyeh dirâseh târîkhîyeh şâmileh’ ile ‘el-İstişrâk el-İsraili fî el-maṣâdir el-ʻIbrīyyeh’ Kitapları Örneği

The definition of Orientalism has gained momentum in more than one area until today and has become controversial in the dimension of a common definition. This study aims to contribute to this definition. Orientalists with the same aim give a new identity to the definition of Orientalism with their work in the East, not in a Western way. Another aim is to examine the loss of meaning of the concepts of "East and West" as regional definitions. The study basically aims to find answers to two important questions. First; Was the definition of Orientalism made only by Western orientalists? Latter; Can an author from an Eastern nation be considered an Orientalist? It is hoped that some titles of works copyrighted in this way will also benefit this discussion. The first of these books ''al-Istishrāq al-Rūsīyah dirāsah tārīkhīyah shāmilah'' (Russian Orientalism- General Historical Study-) which, was published by Prof. Dr. Sadun Mahmud As- Saamuk in 2003 in Jordan. It raises the question of whether Russian orientalism can be seen from Western orientalist studies. However, there is the book'' al-Istishrāq al-Israili fī al-maṣādir al-ʻIbrīyah''(Israel Orientalism in The Hebrew Sources) that was published by Mahmud Cela Idris in 1995 in Egypt, It has brought to mind the question of whether Israeli Orientalism should be reduced to the West, and will form the center of the definition to be described. Working in this way has a comparative method in terms of method. As a result of this study, Orientalism is on the verge of being redefined within the framework of the studies of orientalists who are far from the East-West (Regional) patterns it has, leaving the portrait of the nation and the state, for the same purpose. For this purpose, the ideas, suspicions, and claims of Russian and Israeli orientalists around Islam and Muslims will nullify the definition of Orientalism, which is indexed to the West. Now the East will start a tradition of Orientalism within itself. The globalizing world will have continued the state logic of Israeli orientalists with the help of Israeli orientalists. However, the work of Russian Orientalists will be similar to the work of Israeli Orientalists. In addition, Russian orientalists will reveal the logic of the notion of Islamic Arab History. Under this heading, Islam and Muslims will be targeted.

Examining the causal factors of banking achievements for Islamic banks in Jordanian Islamic banks: An analytical study

This study focuses on examining the causal factors and determinants of financial banking achievements and performances for the working Jordanian Islamic Banks, including Safwa Islamic bank, International Islamic Arab Bank (IIAB), and Jordan Islamic Bank (JIB) during (2011 – 2021). The study considered the most popular measurements for financial banking performances, namely Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), and dividend yield (DY) as dependent variables. Additionally, the factors of independent variables were measured by quick liquidity ratio, investments and cash to the summation of total deposits, shareholders’ equity to facilities of credit, and equity ratios. The findings showed a positive and significant influence and impact of investments and currency to the summation of aggregate deposits and equity ratio on return on equity, and a negative significant impact of shareholders’ equity on return on equity. However, there was a negative but not significant influence of liquidity (quick) ratio on ROE. Furthermore, the findings indicated a positive and significant impact of investments and currency (cash) to aggregate banking deposits and equity ratio on return on assets, but there was a negative but not significant impact for liquidity quick ratio and shareholders’ equity to credit facilities on return on assets. The liquidity (quick) ratio had a significant and negative impact on dividend yield. Although there was a positive but insignificant impact of investments and cash to the summation of total deposits and equity ratios on dividend yield, there was a greater negative and insignificant impact from shareholders’ equity to credit facilities on dividend yield.

Ibn Sina's Political Philosophy: A Study of the Relationship between Prophecy and Civil Science

This study examined civil science (politics) among philosophers of Islam, drawing on the theoretical ideas and approaches of Ibn Sina in his political philosophy and aimed at justifying his own vision on the nature of the conditions required in the body of a virtuous civil society. The study concluded that in his political thinking, Ibn Sina dealt with the model of the Islamic Arab State, and largly moved away from emulating the Greek political influence. The results showed that Ibn Sina tried to present an Islamic political theory closer to reality, but through the rationality of this reality he thought that the righteousness of civil assembly and the regularity of people remained conditional on prophecy and sharia law. Thus, he didn't imagine the realization of a virtuous city apart from the existence of prophecy.

Tribute and abscess through the Book of Al-Amwal for Dawoodi (402 AH / 1011 CE)

This research aims to shed light on an important aspect of the Book of Money for Dawoodi (401 AH / 1011 CE), which is the tribute and abscess, which means the financial aspect, particularly during the era of Islam as it represents the main financial revenue of the new state, it is represented by economic and political aspects through imposing state authority and applying the law to the open areas and supporting the Muslims ’money house with funds for managing the affairs of the state and society The research also deals with part of the biography of the author and the era in which he lived if Al-Dawoudi is considered one of the great jurists of his era which is full of sedition and turmoil, but despite these conditions he was able to establish a special line for himself. Which included the, the subject of research, which touched in part on the economy and imports of the Islamic Arab country.

The effect of financial technology on Islamic banks performance in Jordan: Panel data analysis

Thanks to technological advancements in finance, Islamic banking might surely spread throughout developing nations and become more viable in the financial industry. The present investigation aims to thoroughly explore the impact of fintech upon Islamic banks and also investigate how fintech facilities affect Islamic banks performance within Jordan. A strategy known as a quantitative-descriptive inquiry was used in the inquiry. This study made use of yearly data (a panel data) that was collected from banking organizations using statistics based on yearly reports provided by Jordan Islamic bank, Safwa Islamic Bank and International Arab Islamic Bank listed alongside the Amman Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021. The study discovered that financial performance of Islamic Banks was significantly impacted by Fintech services including online banking along with mobile banking. The increased beta value predicts that between 2017 to 2021, the financial prosperity of Arab Islamic International Bank, Jordan Islamic Bank, and Safwa Islamic Bank would be positively correlated with Fintech services. Additionally, it was discovered that SMS Financing and crowdsourcing had a detrimental impact on Islamic Banks financial performance. The investigation concludes by recommending that Islamic banking included in the study step up their attempts to educate the public about Islamic banking facilities.

The Icon of The Purebred Islamic Arab Horses and their Reflection in the Visual Aesthetic Discourse of the Artist Jameela Al Shraim

The Icon of The Purebred Islamic Arab Horses and their Reflection in the Visual Aesthetic Discourse of the Artist Jameela Al Shraim

The Intensity of The Constitution According to Dustur Saudi Arabia

Types of constitution in the perspective of Dustur Saudi Arabia is the main problem of the study. Article 1 of the Saudi Arabian State states that the State of Saudi Arabia is the daulah of Islamic Arabia, its religion is Islam, its constitution the Book of Allah Ta'ala and the Sunnah of His Messenger. The existing provisions show that the constitution according to Dustur Saudi Arabia is diverse, has dynamics and intensity. The purpose of the study is to uncover the intensity of the constitution. Normative legal research is used as a method with an approach to the substance and intensity of law. The results of the study revealed that the constitution according to Dustur Saudi Arabia has a great variety with superior intensity. The variety is Nizham Al-Asasi lil-Hukm, The Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the Median Constitution. This varieties have a very close and inseparable relationship. the al-Kitab is at the highest and strongest level, followed by the Sunnah, Dustur Medina, and Nizham Al-Asasi lil-Hukm. Saudi Arabia's dustur has an intensity that is in line with maqashid al-shari'ah which includes the protection of all aspects of world life and the hereafter. The novelty is the Book of Allah was the first and foremost written constitution in the world. The conclusion is that the intensity of the constitution according to the Dustur Saudi Arabia is very strong and highest level. The al-Kitab and the Sunnah are absolutely references in formulating, establishing, and implementing the constitution and all the rules.

The relationship between job satisfaction and intention to quit a job: mediating factor job burnout

The study explores the aspects of job satisfaction related to the employee's intention to quit the job in the presence of job fatigue and can help decision-makers and administrators in the Jordanian private banking sector retain highly qualified employees. The current research attempted to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction through its dimensions (satisfaction with pay, satisfaction with promotion, satisfaction with co-workers, satisfaction with emergency bonuses, satisfaction with the nature of the work, satisfaction with communication with the organization), and the intention to quit a job through its dimensions (remuneration, nature of work? Health problems and ineffective driving). The study was conducted on Jordanian commercial banks. The descriptive analytical method was used through a sample selected from the study community represented by (Alhli-Bank, Arab Bank, and Arab Islamic Bank). After conducting the tests, the study concluded that there is a significant correlation between job satisfaction in its dimensions and the intention to quit smoking. The study recommends motivating employees by reviewing wages, promotions, and emergency bonus policies in light of the results.

Review: The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa

Review: <i>The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa</i>

Arah Baru Kajian Pendidikan Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Dari Muhammad Abid Jabiri

Muhammad Abid Jabari as a leading scholar in studying the historical development of Arab Islam that developed in the contemporary era. Abid al-Jabri by following modern steps in reading the history of Islam in the Arab Region in the Middle East region through his criticism of Arabic Reason. This historical research is approached philosophically historically to be able to formulate important ideas in reading SKI material that is in accordance with modern ideas in order to attract the students. Paradigm becomes an inevitable choice, because it is able to cover everything related to the source of knowledge. Abid Jabiri tried to base science with three epistemologies, the epistemology of Bayani logic, the epistemology of Burhani's logic and the epistemology of Irfani's reasoning, which became Islamic epistemological reasoning. Even though he received criticism from various directions, at least Jabiri was able to build a rational reading discourse according to the demands of the modern era, especially from the material side.

The Internal Determinants of the Profitability of Jordanian Islamic Banks

This study examined the internal determinants of the profitability of Jordanian Islamic banks (Jordan Islamic Bank and International Islamic Arab Bank), using annual data covering 1997 to 2019. ARDL econometric method is used to estimate each bank model separately. Estimation results showed a relationship between the bank’s size and capital adequacy and the profitability of the two banks. There is also a positive relationship between asset management and the profitability of the Jordan Islamic Bank, the deposit ratio, and the profitability of the Islamic International Arab Bank. However, there is a negative relationship between the assets’ quality and operating efficiency and the profitability of the Jordanian Islamic banks. The study recommends that Islamic banks must work on increasing their profitability by increasing the size of their assets and the capital adequacy ratio and raising the quality of their assets by paying more attention to the way their clients are selected to reduce the default risk.

Bioarchaeological evidence of one of the earliest Islamic burials in the Levant

The Middle East plays a central role in human history harbouring a vast diversity of ethnic, cultural and religious groups. However, much remains to be understood about past and present genomic diversity in this region. Here we present a multidisciplinary bioarchaeological analysis of two individuals dated to the late 7th and early 8th centuries, the Umayyad Era, from Tell Qarassa, an open-air site in modern-day Syria. Radiocarbon dates and burial type are consistent with one of the earliest Islamic Arab burials in the Levant. Interestingly, we found genomic similarity to a genotyped group of modern-day Bedouins and Saudi rather than to most neighbouring Levantine groups. This study represents the genomic analysis of a secondary use site with characteristics consistent with an early Islamic burial in the Levant. We discuss our findings and possible historic scenarios in the light of forces such as genetic drift and their possible interaction with religious and cultural processes (including diet and subsistence practices).