Groundbreaking studies on the intersections and divergences between African understandings of gender and European understandings of gender in Africa emerged in the 1980s and 1990s and have expanded greatly during the past few decades. Collaborative works such as Love in Africa (Cole and Thomas 2009), Romanic Passion (Jankowiak 1995), and Love and Globalization (Padilla et al. 2008) laid the groundwork for questioning the universality of romantic love. Recent ethnographic inroads into African sexuality, such as Re-Thinking Sexualities in Africa (Arnfred 2004), Hungochani (Epprecht 2004), and Heterosexual Africa? (Epprecht 2008), have deconstructed historical and contemporary ideas about African sexuality by pointing to the colonial origin of heteronormative frameworks. Most work on love and sex in Africa, however, has focused on predominantly Christian areas of the continent and necessarily highlights the extent to which Western missionaries and colonial officials reshaped African notions of sexuality and gender. Missing from this emergent field is a deeper investigation into shifting concepts of love, sex, and sexuality in Islamic Africa, both historically and today. This observation prompted us to organize a workshop on love and sex in Islamic Africa, held at Tulane University in September 2012. Three important conclusions emerged from the event. First, whereas European colonial officials and missionaries often blamed social problems—such as homosexuality, premarital sex, and female promiscuity—on indigenous African cultures, Muslim Africans tended to associate these and other practices that challenged the prevailing social order with colonialism and Westernization, especially in areas affected by Western tourism. Second, from the precolonial era to the present, many Muslims in Africa have had more fluid ideas about love, sex, and sexuality than popular discourses associate with either Islam or Africa. And third, campaigns to promote the acceptance of nonheteronormative approaches to love and sex in Islamic Africa stress the need to reconcile personal experiences with local articulations of Islam and, in doing so, draw on both historical traditions and current global politics. Workshop participants explored love, sex, and sexuality within the context of Islamic Africa, which included studies of Muslims in predominantly non-Muslim regions of Africa and both Muslims and non-Muslims in predominantly Islamic regions. The workshop sparked a conversation among scholars whose work addresses these issues in historical and contemporary