Islamic Tradition Research Articles

Manajemen Pendidikan Islam: Kolaborasi Antara Nilai Spiritual dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan

Islamic education management is a discipline that not only focuses on the technical aspects of the management of educational institutions, but also incorporates Islamic spiritual and moral values at every stage of education. This article aims to find out the collaboration between spiritual values and educational management in Islamic education management. This study uses a literature study method with a systematic approach to review previous studies related to research topics. The data sources used come from scientific journals indexed in databases such as Google Scholar. The selected articles meet the inclusion criteria, namely published in the last five years. The analysis is carried out by identifying, comparing, and grouping the results of existing research, to formulate a comprehensive conclusion. The results of the analysis show that the fundamentals of Islamic education management include principles based on the teachings of the Qur'an, Hadith, and a strong Islamic scientific tradition. Islamic education has the main goal of forming people who are faithful, knowledgeable, and have noble character, where the entire educational process is directed to achieve harmony between science and Islamic values. In its implementation, Islamic education emphasizes the importance of faith (Tauhid), deliberation (Shura), justice (Adil), and goodness (Ihsan), which must be applied in school management, teaching processes, and relationships between individuals in the educational environment

Divine traditions and the governance of the city-state of Medina

Divine revelations in Islam are not restricted to the spiritual well-being of its followers but aim to guide them towards the realisation of a socio-political organisation, a polity, wherein they can achieve spiritual as well as socio-political excellence. Because of the immense significance of socio-political organisation in Islam, the governance of socio-political organisation is one of the key topics in Islam. The principles of the governance of socio-political organisation in Islam are based on certain divine traditions. This article focusses on five major Islamic divine traditions outlined in Islamic revelatory culture: firstly, the divine tradition of guidance and misguidance; secondly, the divine tradition of Ni’mat [Blessings] and their reversal; thirdly, the divine tradition of the triumph of Haqq’ [Truth] over Báṭil [Falsehood]; fourthly, the divine tradition of the destruction of the oppressors and fifthly, the divine tradition of trial. This article attempts to show that these five Islamic divine traditions form the foundation for the structure and function of the governance system of the first Muslim polity, the city-state of Medina.Contribution: This article highlights the role of Islamic divine traditions in the structure and function of the governance system of the first Muslim polity, the city-state of Medina.

Preparing Teachers for the ‘Ummah’: A Case Study of Hayat Foundation

This preliminary study initiates an exploration into a novel informal Islamic teacher education programme developed by a community organisation. The presented case study explores the Afghan Muslim inspired Hayat Foundation’s communal educational initiative, the Marefat programme. The programme, derived from Islamic educational theoriesis ‘imbued with notions of reflective, critical, and reflexive thinking’, which are designed to recognise the individual levels of development for every educator and simultaneously elevate their efficacy, agency, and person. Adopting an interpretivist-narrative methodology conveyed through a dialogical approach, this study focuses on the lived experiences of this social-welfare organisation by seeking to decipher the teleological nature of the programme. This examination is guided by three questions which seek to identify its intended audience, the specificity of the issue it attempts to address, and the approaches it has adapted to implement its programme. The findings suggest that the overarching purpose of this educational initiative is to foster empowering liberatory pedagogical responses to counter oppressive narratives in the reading of the Islamic tradition.

Critical pedagogical engagement with Muslim geographies

In this commentary, I delve into critical pedagogical engagement with Muslim geographies and the Dīn of Islam, daring to go beyond the decolonial. I begin with an exploration of Sidaway's (2023a) discussion of ‘decolonising Muslim Geographies’ in the context of the pedagogical engagement of a female Muslim teacher of geography. I will develop an argument which will encourage critical geographers to ‘learn’ from Muslim geographies in deep and meaningful ways through the rich influential and intellectual traditions within the Dīn of Islam. My reflections will directly respond to Sidaway's call for a possible paradigm shift within the parameters of Eurocentric thinking to share Islamic epistemologies embedded in my own pedagogical approach. This will encompass rich and diverse intellectual traditions of Islam and geographical understanding of the concept of al-Mizān (balance) for the world that we all share.

Analisis Kekerasan Terhadap Anak

Child abuse is a serious issue with lasting impacts. While positive law provides legal protections for children, its implementation faces challenges. In Islamic tradition, fiqh from the four major schools of thought—Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali, and Hanafi—also offers guidelines for child protection. This study explores the integration between positive law and fiqh to enhance child protection. Using a qualitative, library research method, the research examines whether Indonesian legislation aligns with the views of these schools. The findings reveal both alignments and differences. Positive law offers a clear legal framework, while fiqh provides a moral and religious foundation that supports the social and ethical dimensions of child protection. Integrating these perspectives can lead to a more holistic approach, combining legal rigor with religious principles to safeguard children's rights. This collaboration may strengthen child protection strategies by being more adaptive to socio-cultural contexts, offering a comprehensive solution to combat child abuse and ensure children's rights are effectively protected.

Community-based Islamic education: Democratizing learning through local wisdom

This study examines the role of community-based education in the context of Islam as a means of democratizing education and integrating local wisdom, motivated by the need for a more inclusive and responsive education system. Using a literature study method, this research analyzes primary and secondary sources related to Islamic education, democratization, and local wisdom. The results reveal that community-based education has strong historical and normative roots in Islamic tradition, reflected in various forms of traditional educational institutions such as mosques, kuttabs, and pesantrens. This educational model is proven to encourage active community participation, decentralization of decision-making, and integration of local values into the curriculum. However, its implementation faces challenges in balancing national standards with local autonomy, as well as potential conflicts between universal Islamic values and local cultural practices. This study highlights the complexity of integrating local wisdom into modern Islamic education in the era of globalization, paving the way for further research on optimal mechanisms for adapting this educational model to increasingly diverse Muslim societies.

The Integrative Paradigm of Sufi Psychology

The ontology and epistemology of Sufism are key elements in Islamic studies. Sufi psychology, as part of Sufism, essentially falls within the framework of Islamic psychology. This research aims to explore Sufi psychology and explore how these concepts can be integrated into modern psychological approaches. This research uses a qualitative method, with data collection through a literature study. The collected data were then analyzed through three stages: reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results show that in logic, this relationship is known as the correlation between particularity and universality (al-Umum wa al-Khusus Mutlaqan). However, in its development, Sufi Psychology focuses more on esoteric aspects, perennialism, and inclusivism. Unlike Islamic psychology in general, Sufi Psychology has been developed by scholars outside the Islamic tradition, such as figures in transpersonal psychology, including Robert Frager (Chairman of the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology), Lynn Wilcox, James Fadiman, and Arthur Deikman. They develop the concept of tasawwuf by integrating Sufi knowledge with empirical contributions from modern psychology, resulting in a holistic approach to psychology, both in terms of ontology, axiology, epistemology, and methodology.

Potensi Delima (Punica granatum) dalam kajian Qur'an dan Sunnah

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) occupies a special place in Islamic tradition and modern health literature. This article aims to explore the potential of pomegranate from the perspective of the Qur'an and Sunnah, as well as to examine the health benefits substantiated by scientific research. Pomegranate is mentioned in several verses of the Qur'an, such as in Surah al-An'am (6): 99 and Surah Ar-Rahman (55): 68, highlighting its significance as a symbol of Allah's power. Hadith also recommend the consumption of pomegranate, indicating its spiritual and medicinal properties.Previous research has demonstrated that pomegranate possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it has the ability to reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer. Studies confirm that pomegranate consumption can mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer cell proliferation. This article compiles and analyzes data from various literature sources using a systematic literature review method.The findings of this review indicate that pomegranate has significant religious and health benefits, rendering it an important fruit in a healthy diet and alternative medicine. Further research is necessary to explore the applications of pomegranate in modern health therapies more comprehensively.

THE HISTORICAL BEDROCK OF HOLY QUR’AN’S MANUSCRIPT IN MALAYSIA: A STUDY ON ITS STYLE OF CALLIGRAPHY AND ILLUMINATION

The focus of this article is to examine the historical foundation of the Holy Qur’an’s manuscript in Malaysia, with specific attention to its calligraphic style and illumination. Islamic calligraphy and manuscript traditions hold significant importance within the Malaysian Muslim heritage. These traditions have been inherited and evolved over generations, with the earliest examples of Arabic calligraphy being found in the Holy Qur'an, commonly inscribed in a script known as Kufic. The historical roots of Islam are deeply intertwined with the Holy Qur'an's manuscript, making it a primary source for understanding the advent of Islam. In this research, an extensive array of resources from the Islamic Art Museum Malaysia (IAMM) and the National Library of Malaysia (NLM) were utilised, alongside personal collections and secondary sources. Data analysis involved employing philological, comparative, deductive, and inductive methodologies. Through this approach, it was revealed that the production of Malay Holy Qur'an's manuscripts has been significantly influenced by local creative input and intellectual contributions from regions such as Turkey, China, and Persia. The study particularly accentuates the diverse calligraphic and illumination techniques across different nations. Notably, manuscripts from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, specifically from Malacca and Johor, exhibit distinct artistic qualities that set them apart from those originating from the east coast, including Kelantan and Terengganu. This underscores the prevalence of varied artistic expressions resulting from a broad spectrum of cultural interactions. The development of calligraphy and illumination methods in Malaysian Holy Qur'an's manuscripts mirrors a wide range of artistic expressions, which are shaped by both local innovation and broader Islamic intellectual traditions.

Seni Kaligrafi: Peran dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Pengembangan Peradaban Islam

The art of calligraphy has played an essential role in the history and development of Islamic civilization. The aim of this research is to review the contribution of calligraphy art to the development of culture, religion and science in Islamic civilization. Calligraphy is a form of visual art that is highly valued in the Islamic tradition. Calligraphy not only functions in the field of decoration, but it is also an intermediary in conveying religious messages and moral values. In this research method using historical and textual analysis, researchers found that the art of calligraphy enlarges the intellectual and spiritual life of Muslims, and also becomes an important tool in spreading Islamic teachings. Calligraphy participated in the development of Islamic art and architecture, publishing monumental works that combined aesthetic beauty and depth of religious meaning. This research shows that the art of calligraphy is not only a cultural heritage that must be preserved, but calligraphy also has a sustainable connection in the modern context.

Clerical Leadership and Political Management in Africa in the 21st Century: The Case of Nigeria

The return of the military to active participation in the leadership of some countries across African is disturbing on the one hand, but on the other hand, it is indicative of the fact that Africa is in serious leadership crisis. As a result of leadership crises in Africa many countries are underdeveloped and also considered as failed states. Nigeria’s situation seems most pathetic. As such, Africa in general and Nigeria in particular is in need and search of a leadership paradigm that will bring about economic and social development. In this article, the concept “Pastoral Leadership” is explored and projected as the needed leadership paradigm in 21st century Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. The article adopted qualitative research method based on content analysis. It argues that since good leadership is necessary for economic growth, infrastructural development and peaceful co - existence based on requirements of justice and equity; and, since various leadership paradigms adopted in Africa in general and Nigeria in particular since the attainment of independence in the 1960s seem not to be working, pastoral leadership modeled on shepherding imagery as found in both Islamic tradition and Christian scripture is recommended for some Africa in general and Nigeria’s current democratic dispensation in particular.

Poetry in Islamic Historical Writing: The Dialectic of Creativity and the Politics of Truth

Benefiting from various post-positivist historical theories and approaches, this paper aims to seek some new entry points to Islamic historical traditions from the perspective of the presence and function of poetry within it. It is known that looking at history as a “representation” of the past where the real, the imaginative, the artistic, and the narrative intersect, is now considered as one of the pivotal points emphasized by new theories of historical knowledge. However, although this understanding applies to Islamic culture as it applies to others, it cannot be denied that it has been established in Western contexts that may not be suitable for analyzing the circumstances in which Islamic historical writing arose. Accordingly, it is not possible to study the presence of poetry in Islamic historical writings in terms of quantity, quality, and employment, without reconsidering the various theories of literary genres and its oversimplifications that may not apply to ancient Arabic writing systems, and thus to the Arabs’ perception of historical writing. In this perspective, we suggest that studying this presence and its functions may open the way for new hypotheses about Arab and Islamic sources, and the way the Arabs understood poetic writing while formulating their ways of belonging to history.

The State of Sex Education in Pakistan: The Way Forward

Sex education has been found to be associated with informed sexual decision making and enhanced sexual well-being. But in Pakistan, sex education has been remained a subject of taboo and stigma and has been associated with a number of myths. This article tries to discuss the current state of sex education in Pakistan by justifying the need for the sex education and uncovering the factors responsible for the non-implementation of sex education on mass level in Pakistan. Two major factors considered responsible for a lack of implementation of sex education are several myths associated with the sex education and portrayal of sex education as fundamentally non-Islamic. This article analyzes the scientific validity of several myths associated with the sex education and proposes that sex education is not against the Islamic traditions and values. The sex education needs to be embedded in existing cultural and educational setup of Pakistan so that it may be accepted. This study highlights the comprehensive nature of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) guidelines in the development and implementation of sex education and explores the implementation of sex education under the umbrella of Life Skills Based Education (LSBE) developed by the School Education and Literacy Department of Government of Sindh. This article further proposes steps to implement LSBE on mass level by involving parents, religious leaders, teachers, provincial education boards, and universities. It is further suggested that LSBE should be delivered as part of traditional educational system in a step by step manner and should be in accordance with the cultural norms of Pakistan.

A Critical Analysis of Abū Rayyah's Perspectives on Ḥadīth Recording

Abū Rayyah, a prominent 20th-century Egyptian Islamic scholar, has sparked significant debate with his critical stance on the traditional processes of Ḥadīth collection and documentation. His arguments challenge long-standing views and practices, questioning the reliability of certain narrators and the methodologies employed in the early Islamic centuries. Aiming to contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding the authenticity and methodology of Ḥadīth compilation within Islamic tradition, this paper provides a critical analysis of the views of Abū Rayyah on the recording of Ḥadīth, examining the historical context and scholarly responses to his critiques. Through a comprehensive review of primary sources, including Abū Rayyah's own writings and the responses from other Islamic scholars, the paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of his arguments. This involves analyzing his methodological approaches, his use of evidence, and the broader implications of his critiques for Islamic jurisprudence and theology. Ultimately, this study seeks to provide a balanced assessment of Abū Rayyah's contributions to the study of Ḥadīth, acknowledging his role in prompting critical reflection and debate while also considering the validity of the critiques against his views. By doing so, the paper aims to enhance the understanding of Ḥadīth recording practices and their impact on Islamic thought and practice.

Fasting in Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam: A Comparative Study

Voluntary abstinence from food has been a spiritual purification rite in many religions. Penitence, purification and sacrifice are the major aims. Fasting in Hinduism is the denial of the physical needs of the body for the sake of spiritual gains. Hindus observe a period of fasting during the month of ‘Shravan’ (July/August), a holy month with religious festivals such as ‘Janmastami’ (Lord Krishna’s birthday) and ‘Rakhibandhan’ (when sisters tie a ‘rakhi’ on their brothers). Many Hindus also fast all year round on certain days of week for example, on Monday for Lord Shiva and his wife Goddess Durga. According to Hindu scriptures, fasting helps to create an attunement with the Absolute by establishing a harmonious relationship between the body and the soul. The Buddhist tradition prefers to abstain from eating meat, since this involves the killing of living beings. According to the Buddhist monastic rules, the Vinaya, monks and nuns should have only two meals a day, in the early morning and before noon, and abstain from food for the rest of the day. On festive days, especially at full and new moon, laypeople also follow those rules. There is also some occasional fasting such as the fasting for Lokesvara, which is supposed to cause the birth of a son; fasting for Tara, which frees one from illness and dangers. The Tibetan Buddhist practice of Nyungne (abiding in the fast) has been gaining increased attention. It is two and a half-day practice, which involves the keeping of strict vows, silence and fasting. Fasting the lunar month of Ramadan is one of the five fundamentals of Islam. It has been an obligatory duty ordained by the Almighty Allah for all the adult observant Muslims except who are ill, traveling or pregnant. There are also some other voluntary fasting in Islam. Fasting, in Arabic called Sawm, is abstinence from eating, drinking or sexual activity from sunset to sundown during the month of Ramadan. In Islam, fasting is an important act of worship done for Allah, whereby a Muslim draws closer to his Lord. Because of fasting, the sincerity of faith and devotion to Allah should become all the more evident. The purpose of fasting is to develop God-consciousness (Taqwa), which can lead to the forth of goodness and virtue in life and hereafter. The learning of self-restrains from fasting is capable enough to lead a purer life in this world as well as to an eternal life of happiness in the next. After having a comprehensive study and finding out the similarities and dissimilarities among the fasting tradition of Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam, this paper is mainly aimed at proving the highness and glory of fasting system of Islam in gaining its material and spiritual objectives.

“Strange” affinities

AbstractBritish Muslim volunteers in Syria have been variously cast as humanitarians, activists, and—under the suspicious gaze of the war on terror—disguised militants. Yet many volunteers frame their efforts as attempts at iṣlāḥ (reform, repair, rectification). What is the ethicopolitical life of iṣlāḥ, a multivalent concept in the Islamic tradition, in a landscape marked by war and international relief efforts? Considered ethnographically, iṣlāḥ organizes heterogeneous practices, including charitable giving, political defiance, and ethical contestation. It is thus irreducible to either (religious) charity or to its oft‐purported opposite, (political) solidarity. Further, it reveals the embedded secularity of such oppositions, which shapes the reasoning of both the British security state and social scientific commentary.

SEJARAH INTELEKTUAL ISLAM: KONTRIBUSI DAN PENGARUH PEMIKIRAN Al-GHAZALI TERHADAP DUNIA ISLAM ABAD KE 11 M

This research discusses al-Ghazali's contribution and thoughts to the Islamic world in the 11th century M. The focus of the study includes al-Ghazali's success in integrating the teachings of Sufism into the mainstream of Islamic thought, reforming Islamic education, and providing criticism of philosophy that enriches Islamic theological discourse. The aim of this research is to explore the contribution and influence of al-Ghazali's thought on the development of the Islamic world, in three main aspects, namely, Islamic spirituality, the Islamic education curriculum, and the development of Islamic philosophy. Researchers use historical research methods which consist of four stages, namely, heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography with a literature review approach by collecting data in the form of books, journals, documents, as well as sources of data and information relevant to the study. This research found that al-Ghazali's main contributions, such as reforms in Islamic theology, criticism of philosophy, and his influence on education and religious thought. In addition, al-Ghazali's intellectual legacy not only enriches Islamic traditions but also offers relevant perspectives in facing contemporary challenges, making his work an important reference in modern Islamic studies today.

Theocratically bounded communal self-governance: a pre-modern solution for the modern world?

Shadi Hamid proposes “democratic minimalism” as a system and means of governing and rotating power with no prejudice to substantive ideological outcomes. Democratic minimalism is meant to decouple the question of actualizing an ideal society, even a liberal one that provides maximum freedom for the maximum groups of people, from the mechanism of transferring power between groups with opposing beliefs. I sympathize with Hamid’s arguments. Hamid, I believe, correctly identifies the tension between liberal democracy and Islam in the Muslim world in that Muslims if given the choice may not support liberal policies. He also, I think, rightly concludes that the way to live with this dilemma consists of preserving plurality and the possibility of change through persuasion and thoughtful contestation, and not autocratic leadership. However, I argue, he does not sufficiently problematize the nation-state in his analysis. Drawing on the Islamic tradition, I argue we can make progress in this regard by deconstructing the nation-state to make room for communal self-governance and moral heterodoxies.

The Concept of Maslahah in the Dynamics of the Rukyah and Hisab Methods for Determining the Beginning of the Lunar Month

Determining the beginning of the lunar month is a significant issue in Islamic tradition, especially in establishing the timing of religious observances such as Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr. The methods used for this determination, namely rukyah (moon sighting) and hisab (astronomical calculation), often lead to differing opinions among Muslims. This paper aims to analyze the dynamics between the rukyah and hisab methods through the lens of the maslahah theory, which emphasizes the achievement of good and the prevention of harm for the community. The analysis shows that the rukyah method is more relevant for determining the beginning of months related to major religious observances, as it aligns with sharia tradition and helps maintain the unity of the Muslim community. Conversely, the hisab method is more efficient for determining the start of months not directly related to religious observances, such as 1 Muharram, as it provides certainty and ease in planning. The conclusion of this paper is that integrating both methods, with an emphasis on their respective contexts, can optimize the maslahah for Muslims, ensure the smooth execution of religious practices, and support unity within the community.

Analisis Perbandingan Konsep Pendidikan Islam dan Barat

This paper presents a comparative analysis of Islamic and Western concepts, focusing on their philosophical, cultural, and social dimensions. The study examines the underlying principles and values that shape each conceptual framework, highlighting similarities, differences, and areas of convergence. Through a comprehensive review of literature and historical perspectives, the paper explores key themes such as ethics, governance, justice, and human rights within both Islamic and Western traditions. Additionally, the analysis delves into the influence of historical events, religious beliefs, and cultural norms on the development and interpretation of these concepts in each tradition. By critically examining the similarities and differences between Islamic and Western concepts, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the diverse philosophical and cultural perspectives that shape global discourse and facilitate dialogue between different civilizations.