Islam Nusantara Research Articles

PRIBUMISASI ISLAM NUSANTARA: ANTARA NALAR BERAGAMA DAN GERAKAN SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN DI INDONESIA

This study aims to explore the values ​​of Islamic Nusantara as the reason of religiousity and spirit of religious-social movement in Indonesia. Islam Nusantara in its development comes as social-religious movement for moderate society to maintain the existence of tolerant Islamic teachings. Through the historical-sociological approach, the results of this research show the fact that there are four factors that encourage the indigenous Islamic Nusantara emerged as a social movement in Indonesia. Firstly, the historical fact of the santri-kyai's contribution through the Jihad Revolution in defending independence has reinforced that there is no dichotomy between religious teachings and nationalism. Secondly, as a result of the internalization of the value of character education through “pesantren” and “madrasah” that has proven to be a stronghold in the face of religious radicalism. Thirdly, as a continuation of the ideas of the predecessors (moslem scholars) to present a friendly, tolerant and peaceful of Islamic doctrine. Fourthly, as the realization of the responsibility of religious organizations that rely on the understanding of Islamic teachings based the value of Ahlussunnah waljamaah.

PENERAPAN GROUP INVESTIGATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH KONTEKSTUAL BAGI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X SMA ISLAM NUSANTARA MALANG PADA MATERI PERTIDAKSAMAAN RASIONAL DAN IRRASIONAL

This study aims to describe the application of group investigation in improving contextual problem solving in the material rational and irrational inequality of class X students of senior high school Islam Nusantara Malang. This research was conducted on the basis of preliminary tests that have been given before the action of learning. These results indicate a lack of student interest in mathematics, as well as an understanding of mathematical concepts that need to learn rational and irrational inequalities also show less satisfaction. This research is a class action research, which consists of 2 cycles. The subjects of this study consisted of 10 students, with 7 students from the Social Sciences major, and 3 students majoring in Natural Sciences. The research instrument uses question sheets and observation sheets. Data analysis techniques by calculating the completeness of student learning outcomes. The first cycle shows the completeness of student learning outcomes that is equal to 60% of 10 students. Furthermore, in the second cycle increased completeness of student learning outcomes to 80%. So it can be concluded that the Group Investigation is proven to be able to improve the contextual problem solving in the matter of rational and irrational inequality.

THE CORRELATION STUDY ABOUT PREJUDICE AND SOCIAL CONFLICTS ON ISLAM NUSANTARA IN PADANG

The research objectives: (1) Describe the prejudices of community leaders about Islam Nusantara. (2) Describe the picture of people's prejudices about Islam Nusantara. (3) Connecting between the prejudices of religious leaders and the community and its relation to the social conflict of the people of the city of Padang. The study uses qualitative approaches and quantitative mixing methods (mixed methods). The population in this study were 32 religious leaders and 168 community members. Data collection techniques using; observation, interview and psychological scale. A simple random sampling technique. Data analysis techniques using Pearson correlation. The results of this study found that generally the negative prejudices of religious leaders about Islam Nusantara were high. While social conflict in the midst of society is classified as low. Whereas them correlation aspect shows that there is no correlation between the views of religious leaders and community members about Islam Nusantara not correlating with social conflict in the midst of society.

Cultivating Islam Nusantara in Indonesia’s Pesantrens: a Promising Deradicalisation Strategy?

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate to what extent the cultivation of discourse of Islam Nusantara in Indonesia‘s pesantren. This is a qualitative research. The method of collecting data is through documentation. The research finding showed that Pesantrens had proven themselves to be the fortress of cultural Islam. They have maintained the moderate face of Indonesian Islam. Their flexibility has shown as useful when Islamic education is the concern. However, the use of media as the source of Islamic knowledge has a certain degree that

Cultivating Islam Nusantara in Indonesia’s Pesantrens: a Promising Deradicalisation Strategy?

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate to what extent the cultivation of discourse of Islam Nusantara in Indonesia‘s pesantren. This is a qualitative research. The method of collecting data is through documentation. The research finding showed that Pesantrens had proven themselves to be the fortress of cultural Islam. They have maintained the moderate face of Indonesian Islam. Their flexibility has shown as useful when Islamic education is the concern. However, the use of media as the source of Islamic knowledge has a certain degree that

IMAGINED ISLAMIC SOCIETIES AND THE ROLE OF ULEMA IN CONTEMPORARY INDONESIA

Abstract
 This article focuses discuss questions about how the role and contribution of ulema in the social life of religion in Indonesia. Also, how is the typology and characteristic of ulema in contemporary Indonesia. Sociologically, ulema is part of the most important topics in the study of religious institutions in the Islamic world, including when speaking about Islam in Indonesia. Ulema is also juxtaposed with umara. In this case, the position and role of the ulema are like an "informal" leader in a nation for Muslim Societies. In Indonesia, ulema has a central role in religious and state life to shape the imagined Islamic societies, such as Nusantara Islam and others. From time to time, ulema has made major contributions from before until after independence to the present. This is evident from the historical track record of ulema institutions in Indonesia. From Sabang to Merauke island, the term of ulema has an interesting nickname. For example, there are many other names of ulama like Kiai (Java), Tengku (Aceh), Ajengan (Sundanese), Buya (Minangkabau), Sheikh (North Sumatra), Tuan Guru (Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara and Kalimantan).
 Keywords: Ulema, Indonesian Islam, and Imagined Islamic Societies

Actualization of Transformational Leadership based on Spiritual Empowerment for Enhancing Quality of Higher Education

ABSTRACT
 Leadership has significant and strategic role for enhancing the quality of higher education institution. In implementing transformational leadership based on spiritual empowerment, the leadership should have mastered these four components: a) charisma, b) inspirational motivation, c) intellectual stimulation, d) individualized consideration. This article uses descriptive qualitative approach and gets some discoveries as follows; first, IAIN actualyzes the concept of “Islam Nusantara” in constructing academic atmosphere. Second, IAIN actualyzes KH. Shiddiq’s four pillars of spiritual empowerment. Research result showed that the implementation of transformational leadership style has been implemented as follows: First, to fulfill and explore charismatic leadership in IAIN, the principal implemented some steps as follows: First, illustrating vision and mission formulation clearly. Second, foster pride in the institution. Third, respected and appreciated by followers. Forth, needs to gain the support and trust from followers. Second, to express his inspirational motivation to his followers, the principal implemented his ability in communicating high expectation and exploring the symbols/jargon/motto of institution for focusing on the effort to explore them simply. Third, the way principal stimulates his followers intellectual through these following things: 1) promoting intellectual behavior. 2) conducting learning organization. 3) Intellectual sensitivity. Fourth, able to provide appropriate solutions. 4)Individualized Consideration. 

THE ROLE OF JAWI TAFSIR IN SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE NUSANTARA ISLAM: A STUDY ON TARJUMĀN AL-MUSTAFĪD

The attention of researchers about Islam to Nusantara is largely related to the transmission of Islam to Nusantara. Meanwhile, attention to the role of vernacularization of Islamic sciences by Nusantara scholars - including attention to vernacularization of interpretive science - is still limited. This paper with the vernacular concept from A.H. Johns, focused on discussing the role of Jawi Tafsir in the Islamization of Nusantara in the early phases of both the formulation of Islamic Nusantara Islam and the socio-cultural transformation of Nusantara. This article’s frame of reference is in terms of the concepts of enculturation, adoption and cultural adaptation, in which vernacularization occurs in each of these processes. Through studies on the Jawi’s vernacular interpretation, Tarjumān al-Mustafīd, this paper argues that in the early scientific formulation of the Nusantara Islam that transformed the socio-cultural Nusantara, the existence of the Tarjumān al-Mustafīd had a major role. With another Jawi commentaries, Tarjumān al-Mustafīd then became the Nusantara's Islamic identity and proof of Islam with the archipelago's character.

Islam Nusantara: Strategi Perjuangan “Keumatan” Nahdlatul Ulama

The Islamic Discourse of the Archipelago increasingly found its momentum in the struggle for the meaning of Islam. Many are pros and not a few cons. The pros, driven by the NU religious movement. While those who are cons, radical groups are identified. In this context, it is important to study more deeply about Islam Nusantara. This research uses the method of library research or Library Research. A literature study is a data collection technique by conducting a study of books, literature, notes, and reports that are related to the problem being solved. This article utilizes journals, materials and relevant information to be collected, read and reviewed, recorded as a guide or reference source. The results showed that the ability of Islamic da'wah to adapt to local culture made it easier for Islamic da'wah to enter the lowest strata of society. Inevitably, Islam as a religion that spreads throughout the world appears creatively in dialogue with the local community (local), is in a position to accept the traditions of the community, while modifying it into a new culture that can be accepted by the local community and still within the path of Islam. Therefore, the arrival of Islamic da'wah is enlightenment for the Southeast Asian region, especially Indonesia.

Islam Transnasional vs Islam Moderat: Upaya NU dan MD dalam Menyuarakan Islam Moderat di Panggung Dunia

Abstract: Transnational ideologies with a "fierce" face such as HTI, Muslim Brotherhood and Salafi have progressed from year to year, especially after the reformation. This is evidenced by their success infiltrated into the bodies of two large Indonesian Islamic organizations known to be very moderate (NU and MD) in the 2006-2007s. In response to this, the 33rd NU conference and the 47th MD conference in 2015 seemed to be evidence of the seriousness of the two organizations to not only improve themselves after being infiltrated but also to make both of them intensified to introduce Indonesian Islamic patterns to the outside. This paper concludes that the face of moderate Islam in Indonesia will be maintained as long as NU and MD remain steadfast as the "bodyguards" of the Republic of Indonesia. More than that, both of them are determined to utter a new Islamic model typical of Indonesia on the world stage, namely Islam Nusantara Berkemajuan. Therefore, the efforts of the transnational movement whose agenda is to replace the foundation of the Indonesian state into a caliphate will end in vain. Keywords: Moderate Islam, Indonesia's Contributions, NU, MD, Transnational Ideology.

Muhammad Shalih As-Samarani (1820-1903 M): Representasi Dakwah Islam Nusantara dalam Kajian Akademis

The aim of this paper is to understand how the da’wa of Islam Nusantara by Muhammad Shalih as-Samarani is represented in academic works. Data of this paper are 18 academic manuscripts dated from 2015 to date. This paper finds that there are two strands of representations about the Islam Nusantara of Muhammad Shalih as-Samarani; the dominant narrative and the ‘other alternative’. Both narratives present as-Samarani as different actor. The first narrative present as-Samarani as a mufassir (interpreter of the Qur’an) and the second narrative present as-Samarani as a person who has deep knowledge on multiple disciplines such as fiqh, orthodox tasawwuf, and education. However, both narratives share one thing in common; they present as-Samarani as a Sufi Muslim who contributed greatly to the dialogue between Islamic teachings and elements of local wisdoms.Keywords: academic works, as- Samarani, and representation of Islam Nusantara.

ISLAM NUSANTARA: PREJUDICE AND SOCIAL CONFLICT

This research is based on the fact that there are religious leaders and some people who oppose the idea of Islam Nusantara. When the religious figure represented a formal legal institution (MUI), it had a significant influence on the views of the people of Padang. Therefore, the polemic of Islam Nusantara gives its own style about the existence of Islam Nusantara in the land of Minang. Further research objectives: (1) Describe the prejudices of community leaders about Islam Nusantara. (2) Describe the picture of people's prejudices about Islam Nusantara. (3) Connecting the prejudices of religious leaders and the community and its relation to the social conflict of the people of Padang City. The study uses qualitative approaches and quantitative mixing methods (mixed method). The population in this study were 32 religious leaders and 168 community members. Data collection techniques using; observation, interview and psychological scale. The sampling technique is random sampling technique. Data analysis techniques using Pearson correlation (Pearson correlation). The results of this study found that generally the negative prejudices of religious leaders about Islam Nusantara were high. While social conflict in the midst of society is classified as low. Whereas the correlation aspect shows that there is no relationship between community’s prejudices about Islam Nusantara and social conflict in the midst of society.

STRATEGI KONTRA RADIKALISME KEAGAMAAN NAHDLATUL ULAMA DI DESA JAMBON, KECAMATAN GEMAWANG KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG

The emergence of Islamic organization groups outside Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah in Jambon, Gemawang, Temanggung has an impact to society’s religiosity. The religious activities of those Islamic groups tend to be radical and different with the existed other Islamic groups. NU as a representation of Islam Nusantara is known to be tolerant, moderate and accommodative to culture, tradition and all the differences. While radical Islam promotes againts religious traditions. This article aims at describing the NU’s strategy in stemming religious radicalism. The method used is qualitative descriptive and data is collected by interviews and field observations. The results of this study suggested that to counter radicalism, the NU branch in that region has built mechanism of massive and structured campaign, set da'wah materials using scientific approach, accompanied youth activities intensively. Such efforts become resposibility for all components of society in order to become a stronghold of the influence of radical Islamic ideology, especially among the younger generation. The indicator can be seen in the increasing quantity of students in non-formal and formal educational institutions in Jambon, which is quite significant. Besides, public awareness appears to be selective in choosing incoming Islamic teachings.

The Paradoxical Perception of Religious Leaders and Community Members About Islam Nusantara

This article aims to describe the prejudices of religious leaders and community members about Islam Nusantara. This study also aims to draw the picture of people’s preconceptions about Islam Nusantara and to connect the bigotry of religious leaders, the community, and its relation to the social conflict of the people of Padang. The study employes qualitative and quantitative approaches (mixing methods). The population in this study is 32 religious leaders and 168 community members. Data collection techniques employed are observation, interview, and psychological scale. The sampling method used is a simple random sampling technique. This article employed the Pearson correlation as the data analysis techniques. The results of this study found that generally the negative prejudices of religious leaders about Islam Nusantara were high. At the same time, the social conflict during society is classified as low. Meanwhile, the correlation aspect shows that there is no significant correlation between the views of religious leaders and community members about Islam Nusantara, and social conflict in society.

Mengukuhkan Islam Nusantara: Kajian Sosiologis-Historis

Islam bring the message as a religion of “rohmatan lil 'alamin”. However, post-prophetic Islam turned into ideological extremism. The author will focus the discussion with the formulation of the problem: How does the process of changing Islam from rohmatan lil 'alamin become an ideology through sociological-historical analysis? How to restore Islam to be a rohmatan lil 'alamin for future Islamic development through sociological-historical analysis? The purpose of this discussion to trace the transformation of Islamic into ideology and explores Islam rahmatan lil alamin in Indonesia, for moderate vision of Islam Nusantara. The author will discuss using the theory of social construction (externalization, objectivity, internalization) by Peter L. Berger. The results revealed that, externally Islam brought by the Prophet Muhammad brought the teaching of rohmatan lil'alamin. The rohmatan lil 'alamin value is objectified by the Arabic characteristic of the ashobiyah. The ashobiyah nature of the Arab nation is internalized into society through ideological extremities. To restore Islam rohmatan lil 'alamin, the writer review Islam Nusantara. Islam is externalized in Indonesia through peaceful way. Islamic teachings finally objectified by the plural Indonesian society and influenced “Ethical Java”. Plural nature and maintain harmony in the ethics of Java is embedded character of moderation values ??(Tawassuth, Tawâzun, I'tidâl, Tasâmuh). This research contributes, to the development of Nusantara Islam which is a model of Islam that is not only centered on Arabia and realize Islam that preach rahmatan lil 'alamin.

Konsep Islam Wasathiyah Sebagai Wujud Islam Rahmatan lil ‘alamin: Peran Nu dan Muhammadiyah dalam Mewujudkan Islam Damai di Indonesia

The one of anxieties facing Muslims is about acts of violence in the name of Islam. Qur'an has mentioned that the Prophet was sent on earth as a mercy (rahmah) to the universe, and then the “rahmah” in question is to be implemented as such? Indonesia as a country with the largest Muslim population in the world is famous for Islam that is able to merge with the diversity of race, religion and culture. One of the things that influenced one of them is the existence of the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia NU and Muhammadiyah who always try to show Islam wasathiyah and rahmah. The existence of NU and Muahammadiyah is believed to be a great support to the peace of Indonesia with all its diversity. This paper is intended to further explore the concept of wasathiyah NU and Muhammadiyah in an effort to realize a peaceful Islam in Indonesia. The research method used is literature research using resources such as books, journal articles and mass media to analyze the concept of Islamic organization NU and Muhammadiyah. The results show that NU and Muhammadiyah carry the same concept to show the peaceful face of Islam that can unite with the differences. This is evidenced by the concept brought by each of both Islam Nusantara and Islam berkemajuan.

“Angajawi”, or, On Being Muslim Nusantara: The Global Argument for Islam (ic) Nusantara

The article is an examination of practices, such as the transmission and movement of ideas and knowledge, by which Indonesian Islam or what is called Islam(ic) Nusantara comes into being as a distinct civilizational body, and then considers the ways in which these practices claim a place in a wider Muslim societies. “Angajawi” (being Muslim Nusantara) is a strategic term to convey these practices, while, at the same time, to look closely at the way they constitute the vitality and resilience of Islam(ic) Nusantara cultural riches among the citizens of Muslim world. The method followed in this article is firstly to track down the flow of ideas from Jawi or Nusantara as they were brought about by Indonesian agents of trade, knowledge and pilgrimage to the Holy Land since earlier centuries of the coming of Islam to Indonesia; and then, secondly, to draw our attention to the worldwide Muslim reception of these ideas as the creative energy and qualities of Indonesian Islam in dealing with the problems of humanity. Furthermore, the meaning of “Islam Nusantara” needs to be clarified so as to provide a clear comprehension of the globalized qualities or core ideals of “angajawi”. 
 
 Keywords: angajawi, Islam Nusantara, history of Islam, Indonesian Islam

MAINSTREAMING THE KNOWLEDGE OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION WITH PROGRESS AND OF ISLAM NUSANTARA EDUCATION

The knowledge of Indonesian Islamic education is still strongly influenced by Middle Eastern Islamic education, which is currently experiencing political turmoil and bloodshed due to the transnationalism and global Salafism movement. If this condition continues, Indonesian Islamic education will suffer the same fate. In such a situation, Islamic education with progress and Islam Nusantara education must appear prominent, becoming the mainstream (mainstreaming) as a stronghold of the NKRI. Although some studies deliberately make the difference between them, they have the potential for conflict, but the principle of caring for diversity must be put forward. Library research with this qualitative approach formulates the scientific mainstreaming of Islamic education with progress and Islam Nusantara education amidst the flow of transnational Islamic education. The findings of this study indicate that the scientific advancement of Islamic education with progress is Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) while that of Islam Nusantara education is Aswaja. AIK develops knowledge that supports the local wisdom and diversity, while Aswaja maintains local wisdom and national character through science. Both represent the science of moderate Islamic education that is more enlightening than Middle Eastern Islam; thereby, it has the potential to promote Indonesia as a barometer of Islamic world education.
 Keywords: Islamic education, Kemuhamamdiyahan, and Aswaja

Fragmentasi Umat dan Penciptaan Otoritas Keagamaan: Tanggapan terhadap ‘Islam Lokal’ dan ‘Islam Asing’ di Indonesia

Today, Islamist groups in Indonesia are apprehensive with Islam Nusantara, a catch-all term to refer to various expressions of localised Islam and socio-political thoughts and attitudes propagated by the country’s largest Muslim organisation, the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). In response, the proponents of Islam Nusantara call for the unity of Indonesian Muslims to restrain what they perceive as an orchestrated effort to Arabize Indonesian Islam and eradicate local cultures and traditions. By looking at Banten and Madura through ethnographic fieldworks in between 2009-2018, this paper investigates the contestation between supporters of ‘local’ and ‘foreign’ Islam in defining their own Islam and making religious authority. While both supporters share the global viewpoints of Sunni Islam, the former is strongly characterised by local cultures and traditions that have been well preserved for centuries. The latter is well-known to display foreign-influenced, mostly Salafism from Gulf countries, expressions of Islam that include communal piety, religious commodification, Islamic populism, and popular Islamism. I argue that in both contemporary Banten and Madura, the defining of Islam and the making of religious authority have been frequently marked by conflicting responses in complex and fluctuated relationships. The relationships involve the phenomena of contestation between variants of Indonesian Islam and the fragmentation of the ummah .

PERAN PERGERAKAN MAHASISWA ISLAM INDONESIA (PMII) KOTA SALATIGA DALAM MENYEBARKAN NILAI-NILAI ISLAM NUSANTARA

This research is aimed at finding out: 1) PMII roles of Salatiga in 2017 in order to spread values of Islam Nusantara; 2) the inhibing and supporting factors faced by PMII of Salatiga in spreading the values. To get the data needed in this study, the researcher used qualitative descriptive methodology by using library and field research. This result of this study showed that spreading the values of Islam Nusantara consists of two roles named formal and informal roles. While the supporting factors in spreading the values of Islam Nusantara are: a) the number of seniors of PMII became lecturers at the two campuses;b) the large number of Islamic boarding schools around two campuses that have a commissariat of PMII; c) many members who become santri, are affiliated with campus internal organizations; and d) the majority of members are NU backgrounds. while the inhibiting factors are as follows: the number of campuses in Salatiga is relatively few , there are only two Islamic universities around Salatiga, the number of members and administrators are unequal, and the lack of capacity of the committee, and they lulled by the big name of NU.