Ishim River Research Articles

Avifauna Structure Of Boreal Zone Open Habitats (Ishim Plain, Western Siberia)

Abstract In 2014‒2016 field seasons, bird censuses were conducted on 34 flyways in seven different types of open habitats of the Russian part of the Ishim River region. Ninety-five species from 72 genera from 10 orders were registered. It is established that the taxonomic composition and ecological structure of avifauna of the habitats under investigation comply with their biotopical characteristics; diversity of taxons and ecological groups show positive correlation with habitats’ heterogeneity. In natural habitats, the maximum total abundance of birds, highest species diversity within the habitat (α-diversity) and species sustainability are characteristic of river meadows ornithocenoses, mainly due to low-numbered species and a higher evenness index. In disturbed habitats, the maximum total abundance, species diversity, Shannon diversity index, Pielou’s evenness index, minimal index of diversity and highest indices of elastic and general sustainability are characteristic of abandoned fields ornithocenoses, due to a more complex structure of vegetation communities and habitat resource capacity, which increased in the course of secondary succession. Due to natural and historical unity, middle and northern forest steppe’s avifaunae are most similar. The southern taiga open habitats’ ornithocenoses are most heterogeneous, due to an increased amount of dendrophilous birds along with forest habitats’ increased area and diversity.

The origins of the population of Western Siberia in the Early Iron Age according to odontological data

The results of the study of the dental anthropology complexes of the population of the Sargatka, Gorokhovo and Kashino cultures of the Early Iron Age in Western Siberia are presented. The source base of the study is 490 individuals from burials located in the Tobol, Ishim, Irtysh River regions, as well as on the territory of the Baraba forest-steppe zone. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the origin and processes of the formation of the anthropological composition of the population of the Sargatka, Gorokhovo and Kashino cultures on the basis of new dental anthropological data. Trigonometrically transformed dental trait frequencies were subjected to the principal component analysis. Be-sides Sargatka, Gorokhovo and Kashino cultures samples, 17 Bronze Age and 27 Early Iron Age dental samples from different region of Eurasia were used for statistical comparison. The results of the statistical comparison may possible to make a several conclusions. The anthropological composition of the Gorokhov population and Sargat groups from the Tobol, Ishim and Irtysh River regions was significantly influenced by diachronic contacts with the descendants of the Andronovo tribes of the Southern Urals, and synchronous relation with the Savromats and Sarmatians of the Southern Urals. The population of the Sargatka culture and the Gorokhovo groups, simultane-ously living on the territory of the Tobol River region in the 5th–3rd centuries BC significantly different from each other. However, the subsequent close population relation between the Sargatka and Gorokhovo groups and their contacts with the Sarmatians contributed to the convergence of their anthropological composition. In the formation of the anthropological composition of the Sargatka population of Baraba forest-steppe zone the main role belongs to the local Late Bronze groups — the Fedorovo Bronze Age population of Western Siberia and their descen-dants, people of the Irmen culture. The most specific is the anthropological composition of the Kashino popula-tion. The specificity of the small group of the Abatsky 3 burial of Kashino culture from the Ishim River region lies in the sharp predominance of the features of the “eastern” dental non-metric complex, which distinguishes this popu-lation from the groups of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age of Western Siberia and adjacent territories.

Neolithic ceramic complex of the settlement of Mergen 6 in the Lower Ishim (groups I and II): characteristics and interpretation

The article discusses a ceramic complex (groups I and II) of the early Neolithic settlement of Mergen 6 (Lower Ishim River region, Western Siberia, 7th millennium BC). The aim of the work is to analyze the materials from the perspective of the cultural and chronological correlation of the Boborykino and Koshkino antiquities of the Trans-Urals. The research is based on the elements of the historical-cultural and formal-classification ap-proaches. The source base consists of 236 vessels. As a result of the analysis carried out in several stages (mor-phology of the vessels, tool and technique for applying ornamentation, structural components of the decor, nature of the system organization of the ornamental components, relationship of the image components with the struc-ture of the vessels' shape), it was found that the products of group I correspond to the Boborykino cultural tradi-tion, and group II — to the Koshkino. The simultaneous occurrence of these vessels made it possible to speak of the coexistence within the same society of representatives of the traditions of their manufacture. On this basis, there has been proposed a clarification of several positions regarding the pattern of the cultural and chronological development of the Boborykino antiquities in the Trans-Urals. The emergence of an early flat-bottomed ceramic complex in the River Ishim region allows it to be included in the range of materials of a similar appearance (Saty-ginsky, Mulymyinsky, Amninsky, Kayukovsky, Barabinsky) identified in the mountain-forest Trans-Urals, Kondin-sky lowlands, Irtysh River region and Baraba. Identification of the Mergen vessels of group I as belonging to the Boborykino Culture, dating from the Early Neolithic, makes it possible to pose the question of identifying the early phase of the antiquities of this cultural group. Location of the Koshkino and Boborykino groups of vessels in the same sites attests to the coexistence and contacts of the two traditions and their mutual influence.

Numerical analysis and geomonitoring of behaviour of foundation of Abu-Dhabi Plaza in Nur-Sultan

In similarity to every civilization in history originated from the riverside, the city of Nur-Sultan, which the new capital of Kazakhstan developed around the Ishim River. During the last 25 years, many high-rise buildings supported by pile foundations are rising in Nur-Sultan. The paper presents the monitoring of development for the unique residential building of 310 m high with 4-story underground parking. The pile raft foundation (for block R) analyses had designed using Geocthenical soft, which can assess in precise of the deformations, occurs in soil. In the paper presidents, method monitoring raft foundations for block R, the height of this block R is 320 meters. Design of distributed fibre optic strain sensing system (DFOSS) has been employed for measuring the strain in civil engineering structures for over a decade. It is now harnessed worldwide for monitoring a wide range of structures slab pile foundation. Geotechnical monitoring data of adjacent building and utility systems settlement caused by the construction of presented high-rise buildings were compared to numerical modelling results, predicted, and permissible values.Finally, the raft foundation recommended for future high-rise buildings constructed of Nur-Sultan city on complex soils.

Analysis of the Water Quality of the Ishim River within the Akmola Region (Kazakhstan) Using Hydrochemical Indicators

For the first time in scientific literature, this work addresses the current situation of the Ishim River water quality in the Akmola Region (Northern Kazakhstan). This work uses environmental monitoring techniques to analyze the current state of surface waters in the river. The content of main ions, biogenic and inorganic ions, heavy metals, organic impurities in seasonal and annual dynamics have been studied. Results show that, despite the tightening of requirements for wastewater discharge into the Ishim River basin, a number of water quality indicators did not fulfill the regulatory requirements for surface water bodies during 2013–2019. It has been identified that the greatest pollution in the Ishim River is brought by enterprises of the Karaganda-Temirtau technogenic region, located in the upper reaches of the river. Future water quality monitoring is needed and should include increasing the number of sampling locations and the sampling frequency in order to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of hydrochemical parameters and allow a comprehensive monitoring of legally fixed water quality parameters/indicators.

Сезонная стоянка русских переселенцев в Ишимской степи Шадринский Маслозавод

Purpose. The sites of the Russian colonization period continued to stay insufficiently known in Western Siberia. The author considers new materials of excavation of two Russian migrant dwellings for studying local and chronological dynamic of life-support. Results. This site was localized at the bank of Shadrinskoye Lake in the steppe region of Ishim River valley in the Western Siberia region. Buildings stood alone and were not synchronic. They were small in size – 10 m2 and 18 m2, of rectangular form, and of varying depth. They had plank floors, a gable roof and access to the lake. After the fire, a shallow half-dugout dwelling with a larger area was built in place of the deep dugout, which eventually burned down too. The iron axes, traces of drying of nets with sinkers arranged in the complexes, the bones of domestic animals and fish were found. It is interesting that the sinkers are of different forms: biconic, cylindrical, trapeziform with one hole and flat oval form without a hole. The last type was used with wrapped birch bark. Two pots looked like 18th century brown Russian professional pottery. Despite fishing of the habitants, the bones of animals from food leftovers show the developing cattle breeding with predominant livestock and pig breeding in the local community. The chronology of this site was defined based on the periods of function of iron axes with the wide and the rounded off blades, ceramic and adobe clay brick (which had not been imported until much later) at the beginning of the 18th century. Conclusion. The site is interesting as a source of the early stage of Russian development of Siberia and as an ordinary life-supporting complex. It shows the combination of production branches with the development in fishing and game bird hunting in their natural habitat in the ecological lake systems of the steppe zone. Fishing for smaller fish was conducted for the purposes of diversifying the food ration.

Osteological complexes of the Bronze to Iron Age transitional period, and the Early Iron Age, in the hillfort of Maray 1 (Ishim River region)

The article deals with osteological complexes of the Maray 1 hillfort located in the forest-steppe area of the Ishim River region. The research materials were obtained from the excavations carried out in 2010 and 2019. The main periods of the site habitation recorded for the hillfort are the early chronological horizon represented by the settlement of the Krasnoozerka Culture of the Bronze to Iron Age transitional period (9th–7th c. BC), and the late cultural layer which is marked by the hillfort of the beginning of the Early Iron Age, left by the population of the Baitovo Culture (4th–2nd c. BC). From each layer associated with different periods of the site habitation, archaeo-zoological collections have been selected. The purpose of this work is to determine the type of economy of the Maray 1 population during the two major habitation phases. The essential research materials comprised of oste-ological collections obtained from the Krasnoozerka and Baitovo layers. The research technique included bone determinations based on comparison with the reference skeletal collections from the Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg), using anatomy atlases [Gromova, 1950]. Determination of subfossil bird bones was carried out in the same institute, and it in-cluded comparison of the bones from the settlement with the reference osteological collection of modern bird spe-cies. The species attribution was based on morphological structure of the bones and their fragments. The oste-ological collection of the Maray 1 hillfort is stored in the Museum under No. 2361. Analysis of the species compo-sition of osteological complexes from the two main habitation periods allowed distinguishing domestic and wild animals, including birds. The proportions of the number of bones and representatives of domestic and wild fauna have been analyzed. In the Krasnoozerka Culture materials, significant predominance of wild animal bones has been determined, which suggests that the economy of the Krasnoozerka settlement was dominated by the appropri-ating activities with a significant role of hunting (mainly elk). In the Baitovo layer, bones of domestic animals signifi-cantly prevail over those of wild fauna, suggesting that the economy was based on producing sectors.

The linear growth back calculation oh tench Tinca tinca (L., 1758) (Cyprinidae) from two Karaganda oblast water bodies

Tench Tinca tinca (L., 1758) belongs to the aboriginal complex of fish species inhabiting the water bodies of Central Kazakhstan. The southern border of its range runs along the Nura river watershed. Currently, this species is artificially settled to the south — in the Sarysu river watershed. The dates about linear growth back calculation for tench from two Karaganda oblast water bodies belonging to different watersheds: Ishimskoe reservoir (Ishim river watershed) and pound DSU-58 (Nura river watershed) are presented. These water bodies have similar their hydromorphological signs, but have differentiation by water chemistry. As a result of our studies revealed that the tench from Ishimskoe reservoir have a higher growth rate than tench from pound DSU-58. The absence or insignificant effect of sexual and generational growth variability is noted. Linear increments in the studied groups decrease with age. The variables of the Ford-Walford and von Bertalanffy equations show a higher growth potential in individuals from the Ishimsky reservoir. They also have a higher Poly-Murno growth efficiency index. The dependence of the growth pace rate from previous year was noted at an early age (1+…3+) for tench from Ishimsky reservoir and in middle age (2+…5+) for individuals from pound DSU-58. Features of linear growth are associated with the abundance of species in the water body. The relative abundance of tench in pound DSU-58 is almost 3,5 times higher than in the Ishimsky reservoir. As one of the possible reasons, the peculiarity of the growth of predators — tench consumers is also put forward.

К вопросу о хронологических позициях боборыкинских и кошкинских ком-плексов в Нижнем Приишимье (по материалам поселения Мергень-6)

Purpose. The article is devoted to one of the most debatable problems for the Trans-Ural Neolithic – the chronological correlation of the Boborykino and Koshkino complexes. From the excavations of the settlement Mergen-6 (Lower Ishim River Region), groups of these ceramic vessels from the ditches of dwellings were obtained. This allowed a spatial and chronological comparison. Results. Planographic, stratigraphic analysis of the location of the dwellings and the application of the “ties” method in assessing the spatial distribution of vascular fragments revealed a number of patterns. Morphological features of the in-depth part of buildings, interior details and the general relative position of structures (13 objects) indicate a unified architectural strategy and the presence of signs of the spatial organization of the settlement in antiquity – a layout loosely resembling a circular shape. This indicates the synchronization of the functioning of the dwellings. Ceramic vessels of both types lay in the same structures, at the same depths. Also, parts from the same vessels were found in different dwellings (fragments of 40 items). This is another confirmation of the synchronism of buildings and ceramic complexes in them. A comparison of the information with the dates (21 units) obtained from these structures on bone, horn, ceramics, and сharred crust on pottery confirmed these findings. Conclusion. The presented materials testify to the coexistence of the bearers of the Boborykino and Koshkino cultural traditions on the territory of the Lower Ishim River Region in the early Neolithic (the last quarter of the 7th millennium BC).

International water development problems in the transboundary Irtysh River basin: “new” solutions to old problems

The article discusses the problems of water use in the transboundary Irtysh River basin and the characteristics of their manifestation in different national segments. In the basin countries, separate subsystems are distinguished by the nature of the formation and use of water resources. There is a growing position of the Chinese side; it has significantly increased the withdrawal of water resources from Kara-Irtysh, thereby, violating the state of the aquatic ecosystem of the receiving Lake Zaisan and, accordingly, the operation of the Upper Irtysh reservoirs and hydroelectric power plants. In the Russian Federation, the situation is the most complicated in the Tobol River basin, where large industrial centers of the Trans-Urals are located; in Kazakhstan − in the Ishim river basin due to a significant development of its capital Astana (Nur-Sultan). We have analyzed the largest projects on the Ob water transfer to the Irtysh river basin proposed by the Chinese and Kazakh scientists and designers. The Russian side had a somewhat passive role in this process, which focuses mainly on solving specific problems, in particular, providing water resources to the city of Omsk through the construction of the Krasnogorodsk water reservoir at the Irtysh and the inter-basin transfer of river water from the Urals, Kama and Irtysh to the Tobol River basin. Emphasis is placed on the need to establish tripartite institutions for regulating water relations and international cooperation in the field of water use in the Irtysh river basin.

Изменчивость морфологических признаков в инвазивных популяциях ротана (<i>Perccottus glenii</i> Dybowski, 1877) в водоемах бассейна р. Ишим

Изменчивость морфологических признаков в инвазивных популяциях ротана (<i>Perccottus glenii</i> Dybowski, 1877) в водоемах бассейна р. Ишим

Structure and factors of forest birds diversity forming in the Ishim river area (Russia)

The paper studies the relationship between specific parameters of habitats (the forest area along the route, the average age of the forest, the closure of the crowns, the condition of the crowns, the type of anthropogenic impact, the stage of vegetative succession, the wetting of the forest), the abundance of birds, Shannon and Simpsons indices of the species diversity of forest ornithocenosis. This study is based on the materials of field bird records conducted in the seasons of 20142016 on 28 permanent routes in the forest habitats of the Ishim River area (Russia). A statistically significant effect of the anthropogenic impact on the Shannon diversity index and the significant influence of the plant succession stage on Shannons species diversity index and the abundance of birds have been established by the method of one-way analysis of variance using the nonparametric Kraskel-Walliss criterion. It is shown that the maximum value of Shannons index of variety is characteristic for the ornithocenosis of recreational forests; the one close to the maximum is in forests in which grazing is carried out. In the course of plant succession, there is initially an insignificant increase in the total abundance of birds, then a significant decrease in it, as well as a sharp decrease of Shannons diversity index. The obtained results show that the anthropogenic load in form of cattle grazing and recreation conditions an increase in forest habitats heterogeneity and thereby contributes to an increase in bird species diversity.

Новые данные о палеолите Северо-Восточного Казахстана (по материалам работ Североказахстанского палеолитического отряда ИАЭТ СО РАН)

In 2015-2016, a joint Russian-Kazakhstan expedition of IAET SB RAS and the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan carried out large-scaled survey in Northeastern Kazakhstan. The total length of the routes was over 15,000 km. The undertaken investigations resulted in the discovery of about 30 new Paleolithic sites, including an open-air stratified site of Ushbulak (Zaysan District), with the industries attributed to different phases of the Upper Paleolithic. The site has proven to be unique for Kazakhstan. The earliest artifact assemblage was studied at such localities as Kuruchum and Rysak-2 (Lower-Upper Paleolithic). A few more localities that revealed surface finds including artifacts falling within a wide time range, from the Middle Paleolithic to the early Holocene pre-pottery industries, were recorded in the Kurchum and Tarbagatay Districts. Several localities yielding Neolithic material have been discovered on the banks of the upper and middle Irtysh River, from the Bukhtarma Dam through the village of Zhelezinka. The littoral zones of many salt lakes, as well as the Shiderta River valley, have been examined near the city of Ekibastuz. The study revealed a total of over 10 Paleolithic localities (Middle Paleolithic-Neolithic). Research carried out in the Ishim River valley included the survey works undertaken near the village of Arshaly (Vishnevka) and along the route going downstream of the river: Arshaly - Astana - Derzhavinsk - Petropavlovsk.

Bozok - the Turkic Cult Center in Central Kazakhstan

AbstractThe ancient settlement of Bozok is located on the Southern outskirts of the Astana city, among themarshes of Ishim River’s left floodplain. The topography of the Bozok settlement is not typ...

Почвы области сопряжения высоких террас реки Иртыш с краевой частью возвышенности Тобольский Материк

Почвы области сопряжения высоких террас реки Иртыш с краевой частью возвышенности Тобольский Материк

Природные предпосылки плaнировaния водного туризмa и рекреaции нa реке Ишим в Ишимском рaйоне Тюменской облaсти

Природные предпосылки плaнировaния водного туризмa и рекреaции нa реке Ишим в Ишимском рaйоне Тюменской облaсти

Организация медицинской помощи сельским жителям Приишимья

Организация медицинской помощи сельским жителям Приишимья

Modern Advances in the Field Geotechnical Testing Investigations of Pile Foundations

Estimation of the geotechnical engineering and geological conditions of the ground is an essential aspect in design of pile foundations and the calculation of pile capacity and settlement. The results of some of static and dynamic pile integrity tests on problematical soils along the shores of the Ishim River in Astana and in the western part of Kazakhstan around the Caspian Sea will be presented. This data has been used to determine the length of H-piles for the new USA Embassy in Astana which is founded in soft soils. The paper will also present the geotechnical considerations for high rise buildings and buildings with unique architecture in difficult ground conditions in Astana (New Capital) and West Kazakhstan (the coast of Caspian Sea). The method of calculation of pile capacity and settlement based on static and dynamic pile integrity tests will be presented. It is found that geozoning is very important in design, construction and testing of piles in problematic ground in Kazakhstan especially in the new capital city of Astana. The paper presents the geotechnical challenges in the construction of piling foundations in problematical soils for Mega highway projects in Western Kazakhstan. Many factors, such as ground freezing, collapsing of soils, seismic zoning, are needed to be considered for design, testing and construction of the pile foundation.

Zooplankton and water quality of the Ishim River in Northern Kazakhstan

The article presents data on a reconnaissance survey of the ecological condition in the middle reaches of the Ishim River in North Kazakhstan oblast. An assessment based on bioindication methods is given for the ecological condition of the river. The research presents data on the saprobity and quantitative indicators of zooplankton at different river stations. The presence of Ergasilus sieboldi Nordmann has been identified in the Sergeevskoe reservoir.

Особенности водопользования в условиях дефицита водных ресурсов (на примере реки Ишим)

Special features of water use within the boundaries of the Ishim River transboundary basin (an area with very scanty water resources) have been analyzed. In spite of the general trend of water consumption volume reduction the water quality deterioration has been found in the basin. The degree of anthropogenic impact upon water resources have been assessed on the basis of direct and indirect indicators.