Isfahan Research Articles

Comparing the Effectiveness of a Parenting Package Based on Responsiveness to Mothers' Parenting Needs with Organizational Skills Training on Academic Emotion, Task Avoidance Behavior, and Organizational Skills in Children Aged 8-12 with Slow Cognitive Te

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a parenting package based on responsiveness to mothers' parenting needs with organizational skills training on academic emotion, task avoidance behavior, and organizational skills in children aged 8-12 with slow cognitive tempo. The statistical population included all mothers of children aged 8-12 with slow cognitive tempo during the 2023-2024 academic year in the city of Isfahan. A sample size of 45 mothers of children with slow cognitive tempo was selected based on the Slow Cognitive Tempo Questionnaire - Parent Form and entry criteria through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (each group consisting of 15 members). The experimental groups received training on the parenting package based on mothers' needs and organizational skills training, each comprising 12 sessions of 60 minutes, while the control group received no training. After the training sessions concluded, post-tests were administered to all groups. Data collection was conducted using tools such as the Slow Cognitive Tempo Questionnaire - Parent Form, the Child Organization Skills Scale - Parent Form, the Pekrun et al. (2011) Academic Emotion Questionnaire, and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (1998). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential analysis using repeated measures ANOVA. The results indicated that the parenting package based on mothers' needs had a significantly greater effect on academic emotion, task avoidance behavior, and organizational skills compared to organizational skills training, and both interventions had a significant impact compared to the control group (p < 0.01). According to the results, training based on responsiveness to mothers' needs can help mothers understand their children's needs and issues, consequently addressing their problems, including task avoidance behavior and negative academic emotions, and improving their organizational skills.

Investigating psychometric properties of the scale of emotional experience towards the spouse

Objective: The objective of the present study was to establish and assess the psychometric properties of the scale of emotional experience towards the spouse in 2018-19. Methods and Materials: For this purpose, all the married women in the city of Isfahan were considered as the statistical population from which 300 married women were selected as the statistical sample using convenience sampling. The research instruments included the scale of emotional experience towards the spouse, extroversion and introversion subscales of NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), and triangulation (Dehghani & Yousefi, 2019). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and norm determination. Findings: Convergent validity and divergent validity results revealed that the subscale of negative emotional experience towards the spouse was significantly positively related to neuroticism and triangulation (convergent validity), but negatively related to extroversion (divergent validity). The subscale of positive emotional experience towards the spouse, on the other hand, had a positive relationship to extroversion (convergent validity) and a significantly negative relationship to neuroticism and triangulation (divergent validity). Exploratory factor analysis showed two basic factors called positive emotional experience towards the spouse and negative emotional experience towards the spouse. Test-retest coefficients, at a three-week interval, confirmed test-retest reliability. Conclusion: Thus, based on what the results revealed, this test can be used to assess the scale of emotional experience towards the spouse in the married women both in research and psychotherapy.

Comparison of Needs, Pressures, and Aspirations among Motherless and Normal Adolescents: A Quantitative-Qualitative Analysis

The aim of the present research was to compare needs, pressures, and aspirations among motherless adolescents and their normal counterparts. The research method was of a causal-comparative type and studied the variables using both quantitative (needs and pressures) and qualitative (aspirations) approaches. The statistical population included both male and female adolescents, with and without mothers, in the city of Isfahan. The sample consisted of 60 adolescents (30 motherless and 30 normal), where normal adolescents were selected to match the motherless group. The research tools included a researcher-made scale for assessing adolescent needs and pressures, based on Murray's (1943) theory and the TAT test, and a semi-structured interview for the qualitative part. Quantitative data for needs and pressures were analyzed descriptively (mean and standard deviation) and inferentially (analysis of variance), while qualitative data were examined for aspirations using thematic analysis. The results showed significant differences in needs and pressures between the two groups, except for (need for harm avoidance - pressure of harm and risk). Additionally, thematic analysis of aspirations revealed that aspirations were categorized into 12 themes for motherless adolescents and 6 themes for normal adolescents. Based on these results, it can be said that the absence of a mother in adolescents leads to significant differences in needs and pressures, as well as in the categorization of aspirations. Therefore, practical and applicable training for family members by experienced psychologists and counselors seems essential to prevent crises in families with motherless adolescents.

Study Family Cohesion Prediction Model Based on Differentiation and Attitude to Love: The Mediating Role of Marital Intimacy in Married Women

Aim: The aim of the present research is to examine the predictive model of family cohesion based on differentiation and attitude towards love: the mediating role of marital intimacy in married women. Method: The research is descriptive-correlational, employing structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of all married women in the city of Isfahan who had been married for at least three years and were currently living with their spouses. A total of 225 individuals were selected as the sample using voluntary sampling. The data collection tools included the Fisher Family Cohesion Scale (Fisher et al., 1992), the Skowron and Smith Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (2003), the Hendrix and Hendrix Love Attitude Scale (1997), and the Thompson and Walker Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (1983), all of which have been validated. To achieve the objectives of the present research, initially, a descriptive analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaires was conducted. Subsequently, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to reduce the independent variables. Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that the second to fifth hypotheses of the research regarding the relationships between the study variables were confirmed. Based on these relationships, in total, 88% of the variations in the dependent variable (family cohesion) were predicted by the variables of the final model. Conclusion: Furthermore, according to the final model obtained from structural equation modeling, the independent variables of attitude towards love, marital intimacy, and differentiation had a direct impact on the family cohesion of married women.

Effectiveness of a Child Abuse Prevention Training Program on the Tendency Towards Child Abuse and Parental Self-Efficacy in Mothers with a History of Child Abuse

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a child abuse prevention training method on the tendency towards child abuse and parental self-efficacy in mothers with a history of committing child abuse in the city of Isfahan. Methods and Materials: This applied research was of a quasi-experimental type, conducted with a pre-test, post-test, and a 2-month follow-up with a control group. The population in this study included all clients of the social emergency centers in Isfahan in the year 2023, from which 30 mothers with a history of child abuse interested in participating were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants from both groups completed the Child Abuse Tendency (CAT) and Parental Self-Efficacy (PSE) questionnaires at the pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up stages. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of child abuse prevention training. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and the repeated measures analysis of variance method. Findings: The results of the repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that child abuse prevention training effectively reduces the tendency towards child abuse (F=28.45) and also increases the self-efficacy (F=55.73) of mothers with a history of child abuse (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that to reduce the tendency towards child abuse and improve the self-efficacy of mothers with a history of child abuse, the child abuse prevention training method can be used.

The effectiveness of emotion regulation training on strengthening adolescent identity base and family relationships in adolescent girls

Background and Aim: Adolescence is a period of profound changes that separates a child from an adult, and considerable changes take place in the concept of self. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on emotion regulation training on strengthening adolescent identity base and increasing family relationships on adolescent girls in Isfahan city. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a three-month follow-up with the experimental and control groups. The statistical population of all girls aged 15 to 18, studying in secondary schools, about 40 people were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 20 people, experimental and control. The research tools included the identity questionnaire of Benyon and Adams (1986) and family relationships (Ritchie & Fitzpatrick, 1990), which were completed in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up by both groups. Barlow's Emotion Regulation Training Program (Allen, McHugh & Barlow, 2009). It was conducted in 12 weekly sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (variance analysis with repeated measures). Results: The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the dimensions of identity behaviors (postponed identity, confused identity, early formed identity and advanced identity) and family relationships (dialogue orientation and conformity orientation) in the two stages of pre-test and post-test. Conclusion: The results showed that education based on emotion regulation had a significant and positive effect on increasing the score of the identity database and family relationships. The follow-up phase also remained stable.

Comparing the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention based on healthy human theory with positive psychotherapy on self-compassion and cognitive fusion of mothers with autistic children

Aim: This research aims to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention based on the healthy human theory with positive psychotherapy on self-compassion and cognitive fusion of mothers with children on the autism spectrum. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental (three groups-three stages) and the statistical population included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders who referred to autism centers in Isfahan city in July 2022, and 20 people were placed in each group in a targeted manner. The data in all three stages were collected by Neff's self-compassion questionnaire (2003) and Gillanders et al.'s (2014) cognitive fusion scale. Also, the positive psychotherapy package of Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions of 90 minutes on the first experimental group and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented as 9 sessions of 90 minutes on the second experimental group. Results: The results of variance analysis with repeated measurement showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced cognitive fusion and increased self-compassion of mothers with children on the autism spectrum (p≥0.05) and this effectiveness in follow-up phase has also been stable. Also, the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in any of the research variables. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, psychologists can use both interventions to increase the awareness of mothers with children on the autism spectrum regarding the meaning and positive emotions in order to reduce cognitive fusion and increase self-compassion

The Effectiveness of Emotion Efficacy Therapy on Self-control and Intimacy of Women Injured by trauma Husband Infidelity

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotion efficacy therapy on self-control and intimacy of women injured by trauma husband infidelity. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with two-months follow-up. The statistical population was the women injured by trauma husband infidelity who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan city in 2019, after screening with the post-traumatic stress disorder measurement scale (Wedders et al., 1994), 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and they were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research tools were self-control questionnaire (Tangeny et al., 2004) and intimacy (Walker & Thompson, 1983). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute emotion efficacy therapy intervention by Matthew et al. (2016) but the control group received no treatment. Results: The results showed the effect of emotion efficacy therapy on self-control (P<0/001, F=22/479) and intimacy (P<0/001, F=57/14) in post-test, and stability of this effect was in the follow-up. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, emotional efficiency therapy can be used to improve the self-control and intimacy of women Injured by trauma husband’s infidelity

The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on sexual performance and emotional safety in men with cardiovascular disease

Aim: The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the treatment based on acceptance and commitment on sexual performance and emotional safety in people with cardiovascular disease. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up phase. The statistical population of the study was cardiovascular patients in Isfahan city in 2022, and 34 patients were selected using the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to one experimental group and one control group (17 people in each group). The research tools were Rosen's Male Sexual Performance Questionnaire (2004) and Emotional Safety Questionnaire. Treatment based on acceptance and commitment was implemented in 9 sessions of 90 minutes once a week and the control group was waiting for treatment. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The results showed that the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and transdiagnostic treatment was on the components of sexual function and emotional safety in cardiovascular patients (P<0.001). Also, the results showed that these effects had maintained their stability in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Conclusions: Therefore, both interventions can be used to improve the components of sexual function and emotional safety of cardiovascular patients and improve their quality of life.

Predicting Cyberspace Addiction Based on Marital Intimacy and Self-worth and Life Quality in Married Women

Aim: Prevention is better than treatment in any field, therefore numerus pathologists believed that the root of many abnormal behaviors and effective factors on them must be identified specially internet addiction which is a new phenomenon. The aim of present research was to predict cyberspace addiction based on marital intimacy, self-worth and life quality of married women living in Isfahan City. Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational study. Research population were including 270 married women leaving in Isfahan city based on convenient sampling method. They were selected and participated into the research in fall of 2022. Data collection instrument were consisted of marital intimacy questionnaire of Thompson and Walker (1983), the self-worth questionnaire of Doosti and Hoseininia (2021), the life quality questionnaire of World Health Organization, Cyberspace addiction’s questionnaire of Young (1998). They were implemented online via virtual environment. The achieved data were analyzed by stepwise regression statistical method using SPSS software version 24. Results: The results showed that Self-worth (B = -0.549), quality of life (B = -0.446) and marital intimacy (B = -0.107) were able to predict 16.7% of cyberspace addiction. Conclusion: As a result of the findings of the present study, it can be inferred that self-worth, quality life quality and marital intimacy play an important role in preventing cyberspace addiction. In other word, the higher self-worth, quality of life and marital intimacy, resulted in the lower cyberspace addiction.

Persistent pain following total knee arthroplasty: The role of underlying diseases.

With increasing age and joint-destructive diseases, the need for novel surgeries such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has increased. Complications such as pain exacerbation and persistent pain after surgery may occur which increases rehabilitation programs. Factors such as body mass index (BMI), psychiatric disorders, spine diseases, and comorbidities diseases can affect outcomes. Our study was conducted to evaluate the effect of BMI, psychiatric disorders, spine diseases, and underlying diseases on persistent and annoying pain after TKA. This is a case-control study that was conducted on patients who underwent TKA in Kashani Hospital in Isfahan City in 2020-2022. Demographic data of patients including age and BMI, diabetes mellitus (DM), history of psychiatric disorders, spine disorders such as spondylolisthesis or disc herniation, and other underlying diseases were obtained. Patients were assigned to case or control groups based on pain complaints after surgery. All patients were evaluated 6 months after the initial surgery. After collecting the study data, they were entered into SPSS software (version 25, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed. We enrolled 35 patients in the case group and 39 patients in the control group between June 2020 and September 2022, based on the severity of pain measured using a Visual Analog Scale score. Our results show that BMI and DM had a meaningful relationship with pain after surgery (P ≤ 0.01). Other factors did not show a significant difference between groups. Underlying diseases, psychiatric diseases, and spine disorders did not significantly affect the pain after TKA. Patients with DM and higher BMI experienced more persistent pain after TKA.

Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on Improving Psychological Capital and Emotion Regulation of Mothers of Patients with Neurological and Mental Disorders

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of quality of life therapy training in improving psychological capital and emotion regulation among mothers of patients with neurological and mental disorders in Isfahan city. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of patients with neurological and mental disorders who had files at the Nooralmahdi Rehabilitation Center in Isfahan. The sample of this study included 30 mothers of patients with neurological and mental disorders who met the research entry criteria and were then randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group. While the control group was on the waiting list, the experimental group received the quality of life therapy package in 8 sessions of 90 minutes each. The research tools were the Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007) and the Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001). Both groups were assessed in two stages, pre-test and post-test. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance) were used for data analysis and examination. The results indicated that psychological capital and its dimensions significantly improved, but emotion regulation did not change in either the adaptive or maladaptive dimensions. According to the findings of this study, it can be said that quality of life therapy training is effective for improving the psychological capital of mothers of patients with neurological and mental disorders, but other complementary psychological interventions are needed to improve emotion regulation in both adaptive and maladaptive dimensions.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Resilience Training and Positive Psychology on Resilience and social Adjustment of Mothers of Children with Gender Dysphoria Disorder

Aim: This research was administered with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of resilience training and positive psychology training on resilience and social adaptability of mothers of children with gender dysphoria disorder. Method: The current research was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all mothers with children suffering from gender dysphoria, who were diagnosed through membership in official groups of people suffering from gender dysphoria and diagnosed through a diagnostic interview by a clinical psychologist in Isfahan city in 2022. Sampling was done using the accessible method based on the entry criteria and 45 mothers were selected and randomly and using lottery in three groups (two intervention groups and one control group) and each group was replaced by 15 people. Data were collected through social adjustment questionnaires of Bell (1961) and Connor and Davidson resilience (2003). Resilience training (edited and validated in the present study) and positive psychology based on the theory of Seligman et al. (2006) were each implemented during 9 sessions of 95 minutes and the control group received the training after completing the work. In line with the inferential analysis, the data were analyzed through variance analysis of repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The results showed that resiliency training and positive psychology were effective in improving the resilience of mothers (F=9.94, p<0.01). However, resilience training and positive psychology were not effective in promoting social adaptation of mothers (F=3.80, p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups of resilience training and positive training with the control group (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed the effectiveness of resilience training and positive psychology on increasing the resilience of mothers of people with gender boredom. These two types of training can be used to help improve the resilience of the mothers of these people.

The internal consistency and validity of marriage values scales among young married women in Isfahan

Background and Aim: One of the important issues that can help the survival or collapse of the family is the values of people. In fact, the values that people have give direction to their life and help them in the path of family life. Methods: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the validity and internal consistency of marriage values among married women in Isfahan city. Therefore, the research was of the type of contextualization and tool making. All married women between 20 and 30 years of age in Isfahan made up the statistical population of this research. The statistical sample was 300 married women between 20 and 30 years old who were selected as available. The research tools included the scale of marriage values and the scale of willingness to divorce (Dehgani & Yousefi, 2019). The data were analyzed in two descriptive and inferential sections. Results: The results showed that the internal consistency of the dimensions of this scale and the internal consistency of the questions were appropriate. The frequency distribution of the dimensions was close to the normal distribution, except for the dimensions of own family values and peace, which had a positive skew, the other dimensions had a normal distribution. The evidence of convergent validity showed that all values had a meaningful relationship with the desire to divorce, except for religious values, having children, and peace. Which confirms divergent validity for the three mentioned values and convergent validity for other values. The results of exploratory factor analysis using varimax method showed that this scale has 15 factors. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the scale of marriage values has desirable psychometric properties and can be used in educational and research fields.

Determination of metal(oids) in different traditional flat breads distributed in Isfahan city, Iran: Health risk assessment study by latin hypercube sampling.

This survey was conducted to assess the metal(oids) content in 93 samples of bread, including barbari, lavash, and tafton, using inductive couple plasma/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The amounts of measured element were compared with the permissible limit set for bread by FAO/WHO and Iranian National Standardization Organization (INSO). The limit of detection (LOD) was ranged from 6.6 × 10-5 to 2.1 × 10-2 mg l-1 with recoveries ranged from 92% to 102%. The average concentrations of aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in bread were 29.88 ± 8, 0.03 ± 0.004, 12.77 ± 3.70, 0.01 ± 0.006, 34.16 ± 8.95, 0.01 ± 0.008, 346.07 ± 36.08, 3314.81 ± 317.19, 0.24 ± 0.11, and 19.65 ± 4.66 mg Kg-1, respectively. Amounts of As, Cd, Hg, Mg, Pb, and Zn were lower, and those of Al, Fe, and Na were higher than the permissible limits defined by FAO/WHO. The Latin Hyper Cube (LHC) sampling results revealed that children were exposed to higher non-carcinogenic risk and adults were more threatened by carcinogenic risk. It is recommended to control the entrance of metals in bread in the farm-to-fork chain in order to prevent probable future health challenges.

Investigating the Role of Illness Perception as a Mediator Between Personality Variables and Quality of Life (QoL) in Patients With Heart Attack, A Cross-sectional Study

Background and Objective: The perception of illness can affect a person’s mental health and ability to cope with illnesses. Meanwhile, personality traits can affect an individual’s lifestyle and quality of life (QoL). This study aims to investigate the role of illness perception as a mediator between personality variables and QoL in patients with a heart attack. Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 193 patients with a heart attack at least 6 to 12 months before the study. The patients were selected via the available sampling method from the cardiovascular clinics of Shahid Chamran, Al-Zahra, and Khurshid hospitals in Isfahan City, Iran. The participants were evaluated using the scale of disease perception, the QoL questionnaire, and the 5-factor personality questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the path analysis method. Results: In this study, 128(66.32%) participants were male and 66(33.68%) were female, with an mean age of 61.4±10.7 years. In the personality dimensions, a significant relationship was observed between neuroticism and disease perception (RW=0.561, P=0.002); however, other personality dimensions had no significant relationship with disease perception. Disease perception had a significant and negative relationship with the quality of life (RW=-0.219, P=0.010). Two dimensions of extraversion (RW=0.755, P=0.000) and agreement (RW=-0.516, P=0.015) had a significant relationship with QoL. Conclusion: The results showed that personality variables independently affect the QoL, and only the features of anger, hostility, and worry in the form of neurotic dimensions have a negative effect on the QoL with a strong effect on the perception of the disease.

Investigating the effect of emotion-oriented couple counseling on marital stress and negative emotions of couples in Isfahan city

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotion-oriented couple counseling on marital stress and negative emotions of couples. Method: The method of this research was quasi-experimental and of the pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a follow-up phase. To select the desired sample from the number of 110 couples, 40 couples (80 people) were selected as volunteers and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups (20 couples in the experimental group and 20 couples in the control group). To measure marital stress, Weiss et al.'s (1973) Change Areas Scale questionnaire was used, and to measure negative emotions, Watson et al.'s (1988) questionnaire was used. The independent variable was Johnson's emotion-oriented couple counseling (2004), which was applied to the experimental group in ten sessions, and during this period, no action was taken for the control group, The data were analyzed using repeated measure variance. Results: The results showed that emotion-oriented couple counseling was effective on negative emotions (F=5.09, P <0.013) and marital stress (F=7.04, P <0.031) and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase (P=0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that emotion-oriented couple counseling reduces marital stress and reduces negative emotions of referring couples.

The effectiveness of creativity development program on problem solving skills and creativity in 4 to 6 year old children

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of creativity development program on problem solving skills and creativity in preschool children. Method: This research was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all children aged 4 to 6 in Isfahan city in 2021. In order to carry out the research, 30 children were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and were equally replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The members of the experimental group participated in the creativity development program during 12 sessions of 60 minutes, while the subjects of the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects were evaluated using Torrance test of creative thinking (1974) and the London Shalis Tower Test (1982). The data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The findings indicated that the creativity development program had a positive and significant effect on problem solving skills and creativity in preschool children (P<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, from the findings of this research, it can be concluded that creativity development program can play an important role in improving problem solving skills and creativity in preschool children

Comparative Study of the Effect of Oral Chloral Hydrate and Intranasal Fentanyl on Sedation in Children for Electroencephalography.

Sedation and stability during electroencephalography (EEG) in pediatrics have high clinical importance. This study compares the sedative properties of oral chloral hydrate (OCH) and intranasal fentanyl (INF). This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted in 2020 in Isfahan City on sixty-two pediatric candidates for EEG. Patients were randomized into two groups receiving 50 mg/kg OCH and 2 μg/kg INF thirty minutes before the process. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (O2 sat) of patients, sedation, and physician's satisfaction were measured and compared between groups. The HR of patients decreased significantly in both groups (P< 0.001), and the patients that received INF had significantly lower HR 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after drug administrations (P< 0.05). RR evaluation indicated significantly decreased RR in both groups (P< 0.001), and patients receiving INF had lower RR 30, 45, and 60 per minutes after drug administrations (P< 0.001). Both groups showed significantly increased sedation levels during the study (P< 0.001), and patients treated with INF had higher sedation levels 15, 30, and 45 minutes after drug administration. Satisfaction rates were higher among the group that received INF (P= 0.020). The use of INF had significant analgesic and sedative effects on pediatrics undergoing EEG.

Comparison of the effectiveness of family resilience training, with cognitive-spiritual hope training, on family resilience in caregivers of kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis

Aim: This research examines the capacity of resilience in the caregivers of kidney patients, and the impact of the care process on it. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of family resilience training with cognitive-spiritual hope training on family resilience in caregivers of kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method: The research method was an experimental type with two experimental and control groups with the present pre-test and post-test design, a quantitative one with a control group and a 45-day follow-up, and the statistical population consists of all caregivers of kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. Isfahan city in 2020-21, in this research, 60 caregivers were selected through available sampling and were randomly divided into family rescyilincy trianing pakage (20 people) cognitive- spiritual hope trianing (20 people) and control (20 people) groupes. The people participating in the research in three stages ansewered to the family rescilince questionnaire (Sixbey, 2005). The collected data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics in this study (variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test). It was used for data analysis (by spss software version 24). Results: The data analysis showed that the cognitive-spiritual hope training had a significant effect on family resilience (F= 23.04, P&lt;0.001), and its dimensions, problem solving (F= 23.04 P&lt;0.01), spirituality (F= 21.11 P&lt;0.003), acceptance (F= 10.85 P&lt;0.001), but the family resilience training pakage was also significantly more effective on improving family resilience and had a more significant effect (P&lt; 0.01). Counclusion: According to the findings of the present research, it is possible to use cognitive-spiritual hope training and family resilience training to increase the level of family resilience and its dimensions in kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis.