Irritant Dermatitis Research Articles

Contact dermatitis secondary to povidone-iodine: A systematic review.

Cutaneous reactions to povidone (PVP)-iodine are widely reported; however, distinction between allergic and irritant reactions can be challenging. Free iodine is responsible for irritant reactions and is released when PVP-iodine is in a liquid state. The aim of this study was to review the clinical presentation and results of patch testing in patients with PVP-iodine contact dermatitis. A systematic review was conducted by searching Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases for reports of contact dermatitis secondary to PVP-iodine. Data were collated including study design, patient age and gender identity, iodine exposure, skin biopsy findings, and patch test methodology and results. The search revealed 187 reports with 38 eligible studies; 30 case reports/case series and 8 retrospective cohort studies. Overall, there were 223 patients with PVP-iodine contact dermatitis. The commonest reaction was irritant contact dermatitis (51%), followed by allergic contact dermatitis (40%) and contact dermatitis not further specified (9%). Irritant reactions were characterised by burn-like morphology and, when due to surgical skin disinfectant, were often distant from the surgical incision site. Patch testing was most often performed with a 10% PVP-iodine aqueous solution; however, irritant reactions in controls occur. Various testing methods including iodine in petrolatum, ethanol, dried powder, and open application testing were described. Most reactions to PVP-iodine are irritant and patch testing using a closed-chamber method yields inconsistent results due to risk of irritation from free iodine release over the 2-day occlusion time. Surgeons should be aware of the risk of prolonged skin contact with wet iodine solution.

Irritant (toxic) contact dermatitis following topical use of dimethylsulfoxide

Irritant (toxic) contact dermatitis following topical use of dimethylsulfoxide

On intimate care in men: A review

Even though intimate hygiene plays an essential role in the prevention of various genital diseases, there are currently few studies on this topic. There is a wide range of diseases that affect the male genital organs. There is a wide range of diseases that affect the male genital organs. Inflammation of the glans penis (balanitis) occurs in 3–11% of males during their lifetime; one of its leading causes is poor hygiene. However, many non-venereal dermatoses occur in this anatomical region. Most often, patients complain of itching, as well as pain, burning, and various rashes. The most common reason for seeking medical attention is irritant contact dermatitis. Various allergens cause more acute reactions in the anogenital region due to the structural features of the skin of the genitals. Components of detergents and hygiene products, accessories for sexual practices, medications, and contraceptives can become provoking factors of genital allergic dermatitis. Among the dermatoses affecting the male genitalia, lichen planus should be noted, which occurs in males twice as often as in females, and the oral mucosa is often involved in the inflammatory process. Lichen sclerosus can also occur on the skin of the penis, leading to phimosis, a decrease in quality of sexual life, and often requiring circumcision. Psoriasis also can affect the anogenital area. Rashes may be isolated, but other anatomical areas are also involved in most cases. Psoriatic lesions of the genitals are visually different from typical elements in other areas of the skin. Minimizing discomfort due to these diseases is possible by using specialized care products. The skin of the genitals in men has specific features that are important to consider when developing the composition of the products.

Patch Test as a Helping Hand in Farmers with Hand Eczema

Background: Farmers are particularly exposed to a large number of allergens including fertilizers, plant allergens, soil, and manure which may be aggravated by sun exposure. Hand eczema can cause significant morbidity affecting the patient’s occupational work. Patch test is an important diagnostic tool in differentiating between irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis and in the latter, to identify the culprit allergen causing hand eczema. Aims: This study aimed to identify the role of patch tests in hand eczema in farmers and to identify the common causative allergens of hand eczema in farmers. Materials and Methods: Fifty farmers aged 18 years and above presenting with hand eczema were enrolled in the study after taking approval from the institutional ethics committee. Patients who were pregnant, lactating, on systemic steroids, and immunosuppressants were excluded from the study. Patch test was done using the Indian Standard series of 20 allergens approved by the Contact Dermatoses Forum of India applied to the back of the patient. The first reading was taken at 48 h, 30 min after removal of the patch, and another reading was taken at 96 h. The results were interpreted according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group criteria. Results: Out of 50 patients, there were 28 males and 22 females. Hyperkeratotic eczema was the most common morphology (38%). The most common allergen was parthenium (44%) followed by potassium dichromate (22.7%) and nickel (9%). Limitations: A larger sample size would have helped to better substantiate the findings of the study. Conclusion: There is an undeniable relationship with the occupation of the individual wherein agriculturists and masons had the maximum predisposition. The most common cause of hand eczema in this study was parthenium in farmers and also other allergens played an important role such as potassium dichromate, nickel, and paraphenylenediamine.

Hand eczema: a review of clinical, dermoscopic and histological features.

Hand eczema (HE) is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition, impacting 15-20% of individuals, with a notable incidence rate of approximately 7.3 cases per 1000 person/years. This condition exhibits significant gender-based variability, with a higher prevalence in females. The clinical presentation of HE is characterized by pruritic erythematous, edematous, weeping plaques, vesicles, and/or bullae, showcasing considerable heterogeneity. A literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The search was conducted using the following key words and medical subject heading (MeSH) terms: "hand," "eczema," "dermatitis," "dermoscopy," and "histology," employing the Boolean term "AND" to combine the research terms for optimal search precision. PRISMA algorithm has been used for article screening. The search scope included manuscripts published up to October 1, 2023. Up to 50% of HE cases are associated with atopic dermatitis, emphasizing the complex interplay between various dermatological conditions. Common subtypes of HE include irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), atopic hand eczema (AHE), and protein contact dermatitis/contact urticaria (PCD). The chronic nature of HE presents a substantial management challenge, often underestimated, leading to delayed treatment and potential progression to chronic hand eczema (CHE). Beyond individual health implications, HE exerts a profound impact on occupational, domestic, social, and psychological aspects, establishing itself as the most prevalent occupation-related skin disease. This paper seeks to establish a comprehensive classification system for HE, integrating clinical, dermoscopic, and histological elements. Dermoscopy, specifically, proves instrumental in distinguishing HE from palmar psoriasis, revealing characteristic features such as yellow scales and irregular vessels. Histopathological findings underscore the dynamic changes observed from acute to chronic stages, while challenges in differentiating hyperkeratotic HE from psoriasis underscore the necessity for a holistic diagnostic approach. Accurate diagnosis and effective management of HE necessitate a holistic perspective that recognizes the inherent complexities of this inflammatory skin disease. By providing a multidimensional classification system, incorporating clinical, dermoscopic, and histological parameters, this paper aimed to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of HE and facilitate improved approaches to its diagnosis and treatment.

Differentiating Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis based on histopathology: Overview

Differentiating Allergic Contact Dermatitis(ACD) fromIrritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) has posed a significantchallenge for dermatologists, allergists, andhistopathologists. Over the years, many studies havebeen conducted to determine whether ACD can bedifferentiated from ICD based on histopathologyfindings. A clear-cut distinction based on histopathologywill facilitate the diagnosis and appropriatemanagement of both conditions.Abbreviations: CD, Contact Dermatitis; ACD, allergiccontact dermatitis; ICD, irritant contact dermatitis

Severe Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Associated With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Use in Postmenopausal Women.

We present a case series of severe vulvovaginal candidiasis in postmenopausal women using sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) medications for the management of their diabetes mellitus. Twenty-four cases from a private vulvovaginal specialist clinic are described. All 24 patients were referred with severe and persistent vulvar pruritus, pain, and erythema. Examination findings varied between patients and included erythema, edema, erosions, adherent white discharge, and fissuring, which were extensive and often involved the mons pubis, labia majora, and extended to the perineum and perianal region, mimicking psoriasis and/or irritant dermatitis. The clinical presentation in this postmenopausal group hindered a timely diagnosis, resulting in a delay in appropriate management. Fortunately, all patients improved on oral antifungal treatment, and in those that ceased their SGLT2i medication, there was resolution of the condition. While candidiasis is reported to occur with SGLT2i, severe genital mycotic infections are not yet a well-recognized adverse effect and may be missed. The presentation in these cases was persistent and severe. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion in postmenopausal women presenting with vulvar pain, pruritus, and extensive erythema that mimics psoriasis or irritant dermatitis, if they are on SGLT2i therapy.

COVID-19-Related Risk Factors for Developing Occupational Contact Dermatitis Along With Its Incidence, Prevention, and Management: A Systematic Review.

Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is an eczematous local inflammatory skin irritation caused by repeated use of hand sanitizer and other chemical substances. Occupational irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) and occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) are the two variants of CD that cannot be identified clinically. Hand dermatitis (HD) is typically assessed as a clinical consequence because it affects the hands most frequently at work as per epidemiological studies on OCD. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 standards were followed when conducting this umbrella review. We used the search terms "Occupational Contact Dermatitis AND COVID-19" to search forthe most pertinent papers in full text on the databasesPubMed/MedLine, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central (PMC). Additionally, the reference section of the papers was used to find more articles. A total of 11,646results were found, and eight papers remained after applying the inclusion criteria (full-text papers, English language, studies published in the previous 10 years, involving humans, and only systematic reviews). After completing the title and abstract screening, we obtained five papers. Next, the full-text screening and AMSTAR quality check were completed, yielding the same five papers. After searching ScienceDirect, five papers that met the inclusion criteria were included, and six papers were selected from the references, yielding a total of 11 papers. The causes of occupational dermatitis from protective face masks are discussed in this review. We anticipate an increase in the incidence of occupational dermatitis linked to face mask use given that a large segment of healthcare workers (HCWs) wear protective face masks. To understand the prevalence and available therapies for mask-related occupational dermatitis, further well-designed research is required.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Molecular Signatures that Distinguish Allergic from Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a pruritic skin disease caused by environmental chemicals that induce cell-mediated skin inflammation within susceptible individuals. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is caused by direct damage to the skin barrier by environmental insults. Diagnosis can be challenging as both types of contact dermatitis can appear similar by visual exam, and histopathological analysis does not reliably distinguish ACD from ICD. To discover specific biomarkers of ACD and ICD, we characterized the transcriptomic and proteomic changes that occur within the skin during each type of contact dermatitis. We induced ACD and ICD in healthy human volunteers and sampled skin using a non-scarring suction blister biopsy method that collects interstitial fluid and cellular infiltrate. Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that cell-specific transcriptome differences rather than cell type proportions best distinguished ACD from ICD. Allergy-specific genes were associated with upregulation of IFNG, and cell signaling network analysis implicated several other genes such as IL4, despite their low expression levels. We validated transcriptomic differences with proteomic assays on blister fluid and trained a logistic regression model on skin interstitial fluid proteins that could distinguish ACD from ICD and healthy control skin with 93% sensitivity and 93% specificity.

Hand eczema in Italian patients referred for patch testing: A retrospective SIDAPA study (2016-2023).

Hand eczema (HE) is a common skin disease with a negative impact on patients' quality of life in occupational and non-occupational settings. Up-to-date, data on HE in Italian patients referred for patch testing are lacking. To characterise the profile in terms of demographics, aetiology and patch test results of Italian patients affected by HE referred for patch testing. A retrospective descriptive study on consecutive patients affected by HE who underwent patch testing from 2016 to 2023 in eight dermatology clinics was performed. HE patients were divided into two groups according to the exclusive (HE-only group) and not-exclusive (HE+ group) hand involvement, and compared to patients with eczema localised in body areas other than hands (NHE group). One thousand five hundred and ninety-seven patients were affected by HE (35.3% males; mean age 42.7 years), 60.2% belonging to the HE-only group and 39.8% to the HE+ group. Occupational dermatitis was diagnosed in 33.2% of HE-only patients, 25.0% of HE+ patients and 5.2% of NHE patients (p < 0.001). HE-only patients presented: Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD), Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD), atopic HE in 48.1%, 47.5% and 7.1%, respectively; hyperkeratotic palmar, acute recurrent vesicular and nummular clinical subtypes in 52.2%, 43.9% and 11.9%, respectively; relevant positive patch test reactions in 48.1% (nickel sulphate 18.9%, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone 10.6%, methylisothiazolinone 8.6%, p-phenylenediamine 6.0% and potassium dichromate 4.7%). HE patients, and particularly those with exclusive hand involvement, show a particular profile in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics, etiologies and relevant positive patch test reactions.

2143 Minimal ingredient wipes for geriatric care

Abstract Introduction Wipes are a practical solution for cleansing skin and widely used in children, neonates, and in geriatric care. Effective cleansing requires low liquid surface tension (&amp;lt;40 mN/m), and many wipes contain surfactants to achieve this [1, 2]. However, these compounds may cause dryness, itching, irritation, and inflammation [1]. Age-related degeneration in skin suppleness decreases skin viability, often leading to irritation and incontinence-associated dermatitis, especially in frail nursing home residents [3]. By utilising purification technology, it is possible to lower liquid surface tension for cleansing and mitigate negative skin reactions caused by surfactants and additives. One minimal ingredient surfactant-free wipe (SF-wipe) achieves a solution surface tension of &amp;lt;35 mN/m, facilitating effective cleansing without surfactants [2]. These SF-wipes demonstrated superior results in a prospective study where neonates experienced significantly fewer days of clinically significant irritant diaper dermatitis [4]. The aim of this exploratory study was to understand current behaviours around personal hygiene and attitude towards SF-wipes in nursing homes. Method Four nursing care homes (n = 71 residents) received SF-wipes to trial. Feedback on effects and usability was gathered through interviews and reported qualitatively. Results Nursing staff indicated that the SF-wipes were soft, non-drying, non-abrasive, and facilitated faster in-bed bathing versus previous methods. Using SF-wipes did not lead to skin irritation in most residents, though some experienced transient skin coldness after use. Conclusions The high prevalence of skin conditions like incontinence-associated dermatitis in nursing home residents [5] means SF-wipes may prove beneficial versus surfactant-containing wipes, mirroring findings in neonates. Further studies are needed to prove this.

A green solution for eliminating methylene blue and crystal violet dyes using eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Dracaena trifasciata

Modern technological development has unavoidably resulted in more pollution, especially in aquatic environments. While extensively utilized in various industries, cationic dyes pose a significant threat to both the environment and human health, ranking among the most hazardous pollutants. When exposed to these dyes, one may experience skin irritation and allergic dermatitis because they are frequently mutagenic, toxic, carcinogenic, and resistant to biodegradation. The continued release of these dyes into the environment exacerbates human health and ecosystem concerns. This work investigates the possibility of eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles, which are produced by the co-precipitation method from leaf extracts of the Dracaena trifasciata plant, also referred to as snake plant, for the elimination of the cationic dyes methylene blue and crystal violet. This work presents a novel approach for synthesizing eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract from Dracaena trifasciata. To examine the eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles, characterization studies were carried out using various instrumental methods. The best conditions for removing methylene blue and crystal violet were found through batch adsorption investigations, which produced removal percentages of 86 % and 88 %, respectively, under specific conditions. The eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles achieved maximum adsorption capacity and effective removal of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes under the following conditions: a pH value of 10, nanoparticle concentration of 0.06 g, reaction time of 50 min, dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and reaction temperature of 40 °C. Isotherm investigations demonstrated that the adsorption of methylene blue dye by eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles followed the Temkin isotherm model, whereas the adsorption of crystal violet dye followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The kinetic parameters describing the adsorption of methylene blue and crystal violet dye onto eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles were identified as pseudo-first-order and Elovich models, respectively. Following the above-mentioned studies, eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles were subjected to additional characterization in order to assess their potential for wastewater treatment.

The effectiveness of topical anti-inflammatory hormonal therapy in irritant contact dermatitis management in toddlers

The effectiveness of topical anti-inflammatory hormonal therapy in irritant contact dermatitis management in toddlers

The Relationship of Tofu Coagulants and Irritant Contact Dermatitis in Tofu Maker at Serang Banten Indonesia

The Relationship of Tofu Coagulants and Irritant Contact Dermatitis in Tofu Maker at Serang Banten Indonesia

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Ghent global IAD monitoring tool (GLOBIAD-M) for Brazilian Portuguese

BackgroundIncontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) poses a significant challenge for individuals experiencing incontinence, characterized by irritative contact dermatitis due to prolonged exposure to urine and/or faeces. ObjectiveThis study aimed to culturally adapt the Ghent Global IAD Monitoring Tool – GLOBIAD-M to Brazilian Portuguese and to assess the adapted version's measurement properties quality. MethodA clinimetric study was conducted, comprising cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment. Cultural adaptation followed international guidelines, while psychometric properties were evaluated for content validity, inter-rater reliability, and correlation with other variables (thermography). Inter-rater reliability was assessed through clinical and photographic evaluations. The study samples included linguists and, IAD specialists, nurses, and adult patients with IAD according to the cultural adaptation or psychometric evidence assessment. ResultThe process of cultural adaptation resulted in a cumulative coefficient of variation ratio (CVR) of 0.66. Subsequently, the study included 57 patients and 57 nurses for clinical assessments, totalling 166 evaluations of IAD. The inter-rater reliability among nurses was deemed satisfactory, with a Gwet coefficient of 0.77. Moreover, out of 215 photographic assessments conducted by 54 nurses, there was a 92.1 % concurrence in the categorization of IAD. Furthermore, thermography analysis revealed significant temperature differences between healthy individuals and those with IAD, particularly in patients categorized under IAD Cat. 1B, showing a difference of 1.90 °C. Conclusionand Impact on Clinical Practice: The results confirm the availability of the GLOBIAD-M in its Brazilian Portuguese version. This tool will allow health professionals to obtain a standardized IAD classification and monitoring in Brazil, enhancing its diagnostic accuracy and aiding clinical decision-making.

What's the Impact of Safety Footwear on Workers Concerning Foot-Related Problems? A Systematic Review.

This study aims to assess the impact of safety footwear (SF) on workers concerning foot-related problems, especially regarding discomfort, foot pain, and skin lesions. A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting foot-related problems in workers wearing SF were included. Exclusion criteria included non-English papers, reviews, laboratory and animal studies, expert opinions, letters to the editor, and grey literature. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Descriptive statistic was used to present data. The initial search results yielded 483 articles; 7 articles were included in the review process. Despite the extensive variety of SF, all studies consistently reported symptomatic discomfort and pain. The discomfort factors included heat, sweating, heaviness, and footwear flexibility, with primary issues in the toes, toecaps, or metatarsal-toe crease region. The pain prevalence ranged from 42.3% to 60.8% in various anatomical regions. Irritant Contact Dermatitis was the most common (97.9%) foot dermatosis, but other foot lesions were reported: dry skin (30.2%), calluses (30%), hard nails (28%), corns (27%), and blisters. Current SFs are designed to comply with safety regulations but are influenced by the frequent occurrence of discomfort and foot problems. The literature review identified weaknesses in certain design features. Recommendations have been proposed to improve SF development. These include addressing issues such as the selection of specific types and designs of SF based on task performance and the working environment, footwear weight, and breathable materials for moisture permeation. Considerations should also encompass distinct sizing for an optimal fit, insole application, especially for prolonged standing users, and education programs to prevent foot-related issues.

Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Topical Omega Fatty Acid Product in Experimental Model of Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Randomized Controlled Trial

Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease that often requires prescription therapy and is associated with adverse reactions. Omega fatty acids have been recognized for their anti-inflammatory effect and could serve as a safer option in contact dermatitis treatment. Therefore, the aim of this randomized controlled study, conducted at the University of Split School of Medicine, was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of omega fatty acids containing topical products in an experimental model of irritant contact dermatitis. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials (NCT06189144) and is closed. The primary outcomes were levels of transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, and skin erythema, all measured using an MPA6 device in 25 healthy participants. A significant difference was observed between the hydration values of the intervention (45.7 ± 12.4) and control groups (31.6 ± 12.3) (p &lt; 0.05) on final measurements (day 10). Moreover, higher erythema levels were observed in participants who were smokers, compared to non-smokers. No adverse drug reactions were observed during the study period. In conclusion, omega fatty acids topical product use shows promise in the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis, and further studies are needed to evaluate efficacy in a larger sample of patients.

Itch and Pain Behaviors in Irritant Contact Dermatitis Produced by Sodium Lauryl Sulfate in Mice.

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a nonspecific skin inflammation caused by irritants, leading to itch and pain. We tested whether differential responses to histamine-dependent and -independent pruritogens can be evoked in ICD induced by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). An ICD mouse model was established with 5% SLS in acetone versus a vehicle topically applied for 24 h to the cheek. Site-directed itch- and pain-like behaviors, occurring spontaneously and in response to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli (histamine, ß-alanine, BAM8-22, and bradykinin) applied to the cheek, were recorded before (day 0) and after irritant removal (days 1, 2, 3, and 4). Skin inflammation was assessed through visual scoring, ultrasound, and measurements of skin thickness. SLS-treated mice exhibited hyperalgesia-like behavior in response to mechanical and heat stimuli on day 1 compared to the controls. SLS mice exhibited more spontaneous wipes (pain) but not scratching bouts (itch) on day 1. Pruritogen injections caused more scratching but not wiping in SLS-treated mice compared to the controls. Only bradykinin increased wiping behavior compared to saline. SLS-treated mice developed noticeable erythema, scaling, and increased skin thickness on days 1 and 2. SLS induced cutaneous inflammation and behavioral signs of spontaneous pain and itching, hyperalgesia to mechanical and heat stimuli and a chemical algogen, and enhanced itch response to pruritogens. These sensory reactions preceded the inflammation peak and lasted up to two days.

Contact Dermatitis From Biomedical Devices, Implants, and Metals—Trouble From Within

Allergic contact dermatitis is characterized by its appearance of red, raised and infiltrated, scaling or scabbed skin and intense pruritus, and distinguished from irritant contact dermatitis by its specific immune process and histopathology. Many contact allergens are low molecular weight chemicals including metals such as nickel, cobalt, and chromium, preservatives, and adhesives. When such materials are used internally in biomedical devices, they are similarly capable of causing sensitization and an inflammatory response. Sometimes the reaction remains internal, and presents as swelling, pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion, and internal itching around the implant. Such reactions may, in some cases, also extend to include a localized or, rarely, systemic contact dermatitis indicative of the same process. This review will present an overview of reported skin and local internal reactions to orthopedic implants, which are the largest category of implanted internal metal devices. Immune reactions to smaller categories of medical appliances include cardiac devices and vascular stents, neuromodulation devices, diabetic appliances, Nuss bar surgery for pectus excavatum, and dental and spinal implants. We will review the available diagnostic tools, the consensus on interpretation, and reported strategies for treatment.

Prevalencia de manifestaciones dermatológicas en pacientes con inmunodeficiencia común variable

Objective: Estimate the prevalence of dermatological manifestations in Mexican patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Methods: Cross-sectional and retrospective study, based on the analysis of records of patients with a diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency, treated at the Siglo XXI National Medical Center (Mexican Social Security Institute), according to the criteria of the European Society of Immunodeficiencies (ESID). and of which only 3 had a genetic diagnosis with the following mutations: IRF2, CTLA4 and PIK-3, belonging to the Immunodeficiency Clinic of the National Medical Center Siglo XXI (IMSS), to evaluate dermatological manifestations, review of laboratory tests: IgA, IgM, IgG and type of replacement therapy with Immunoglobulin. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS program; Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, according to the type of variable to be analyzed. Results: 36 patients were included, of which 55.5% were women; with median age 34 years (18-94). The prevalence of dermatological manifestations was 70% (n = 25). 30.5% had a history of infectious dermatosis and 39.5% had a history of non-infectious dermatosis. The most common dermatosis was irritant contact dermatitis in 13.8% of patients. All received replacement therapy with human immunoglobulin, 33.3% intravenously and the rest subcutaneously. Conclusions: Common variable immunodeficiency is an inborn error of immunity, with different clinical manifestations in various organs and systems (the skin is one of these). Dermatological manifestations are not usually described in patients with common variable immunodeficiency; However, it is important to identify them due to their relationship with certain complications (increased risk of superinfection), due to skin disruption and biological therapies. Keywords: Antibody immunodeficiency; Common variable immunodeficiency; skin diseases.