Irrigation Pumping Station Research Articles

Experimental and theoretical studies of pumps of irrigation pumping stations

The article presents the results of a study of the wear of individual pump elements, a decrease in their efficiency and significant losses. The nonidentical operation of the extreme and middle pumps was established. The uneven approach of water to the extreme units created reverse flows of water in the suction pipes, work with vibrations of modes close to cavitation. The modernization of the pumps improved the cavitation characteristics due to the elimination of the cavitation center at the impeller inlet in the area of the driven disk, which increased the reliability and durability of the pump. Diagnostics of irrigation pumps made it possible to substantiate proposals for the modernization of their main units and operating modes. The distribution of pumps according to the general level of vibration is shown, indicating the direction at which the maximum value of vibration displacement was recorded and the results of a comparative measurement of the vibration of the units of the pumping station-1 of the Karshi Main Channel (KMC).Studies of the pumps of large irrigation pumping stations have shown a reduction in vibration and an improvement in basic operating parameters. With the participation of the authors, new complex methods of operation are being developed, which allow increasing its reliability by predicting the technical condition.

Application of Internet Communications in Agricultural Electromechanical Drainage and Irrigation Pumping Station

With the gradual advancement of electric energy substitution, the power consumption of agricultural electromechanical drainage and irrigation pumping station increases rapidly. It is urgent to update and transform the pumping station. Aiming at the substitution scenario of electric energy for agricultural irrigation and drainage, the technology of internet communications are combined in the application. It focuses on the design of two systems: monitoring and warning of operation conditions, and charging management of pumping stations. An electrical control cabinet integrated with power supply and control is designed by using PLC control system. This control cabinet is installed in the pump house of irrigation and drainage area. Some control terminals can be connected to it, and each terminal can be connected with a load that can work or shut down independently. These two systems store and analyse the operation conditions and electricity charge information. They also establish database and exchange data with external power supply companies and water resources management bureaus through internet communications. They are used to realize intelligent control and management. It is of great significance to establish a perfect integrated power supply control system for agricultural irrigation and drainage.

A device for reducing the siltation of the front chamber of the pumping station in irrigation systems

It has been determined that the reduction of siltation of the front chamber is necessary because the deposited sediments seriously violate the planned hydraulic structure of the flow when water is sucked up by pumps, as a result of which their efficiency decreases. The method of calculating the pipeline system of a new device designed to significantly reduce the siltation of the front chamber of irrigation pumping stations by artificially creating turbulence in the water flow in the bottom layer of the structure is presented. This calculation methodology is based on the use of the theory of flooded water jets, which makes it possible to determine the main characteristics of the jet. The latter allows calculating the design parameters of the pipeline system. The results of experimental studies are presented to compare the calculated data with the results of experiments, as well as to determine the effectiveness of the proposed device for a significant reduction in siltation of the front chamber of irrigation pumping stations.

Irrigation sedimentation tanks in the bed of the pumping station inlet channels

The article analyzes the dynamics of channel processes in the irrigation pumping station inlet channels. The field studies of hydraulic and alluvial sediment regimes in the supply channels of pumping stations are analyzed and summarized. The studies of supply channel water flow under conditions of extremely high turbidity of the flow and variability of the morphometric characteristics of the channel are presented. The conditions under which the Saint-Venant equations satisfactorily describe the channel flows in the bed of the supply channels are given. Saint-Venant's twodimensional equations were numerically implemented using an explicit finite-difference scheme. In addition, the results of calculations of the flow field in the supply channels are presented. According to the results of numerical studies, the width of the sedimentation tank was taken to be equal to the design width of the channel, and the speed of water flow in it was 0.25 m/s. The length of the sedimentation tank, ensuring the retention of sediments of the finest fraction (0.05 mm in diameter), was 1042 m. The siltation time of the sedimentation tank can be reduced by 15…20% and amount to about 15 months, considering the unevenness of the velocity distribution diagram in the horizontal plane and the trapezoidal crosssection of the clarifier. Nevertheless, the arrangement of two parallel chambers of the sedimentation tanks makes it possible to be stable for a sufficiently long time.

Use of large irrigation pumping stations for highly manual daily regulation of capacities in the energy system of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Information about the problems arising from the uneven production and consumption of energy in power systems, including in the power system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, is given on the example of a daily electrical load schedule. It is noted that to successfully solve these problems, energy is accumulated in the hours of minimum consumption so that it can be used in peak hours with high consumption, and for this purpose, pumped storage power plants are used. A diagram of hydraulic energy storage is given at large pumping stations used to accumulate water in the upper reservoir in hours of minimum loads, and the accumulated volume of water is directed to generate energy, which can be used by pumping stations to supply additional water to its consumers, replenishing its losses in hours of hydraulic energy storage. The method of selection and optimization of the main parameters of this complex, based on minimizing fuel consumption in power plants while limiting the amount of accumulated energy based on the capabilities of water and energy resources of pumping stations, is presented. The calculations using the example of the Syrdarya thermal power plant show that with the integration of five nearby pumping stations into the process of energy storage and generation, significant cost savings are achieved, and the daily load schedule is significantly leveled.

Numerical substantiation of the parameters of the air-hydraulic hood by a diaphragm

The article is about calculating the main parameters of air - hydraulic hoods with a diaphragm to reduce the emergency consequences of a water hammer, possible in the pressure pipelines of an irrigation pumping station. Based on the results of numerical studies by the method of finite differences of the proposed hydraulic shock absorber, dependencies were obtained based on a certain air in the absorbers, the total capacity of the cylindrical cap was determined to determine the main dimensions of the absorbers. Based on the results of numerical studies by the method of finite differences of the proposed hydraulic shock absorber, dependencies were obtained based on a certain air in the absorbers, the total capacity of the cylindrical cap was determined to determine the main dimensions of the absorbers. To determine the economic dimensions of the proposed cap design, comparative calculations of numerical experiments with experimental data prove the reliability of the proposed dependencies using the finite difference method.

Substantiation of the influence of the channel shape and the roughness of machine canals on the pressure loss of irrigation pumping stations

To take into account the influence (on the value of head losses) of the channel cross-sectional shape and the presence of a flow with a free surface in it, additional correction factors are introduced (when using the concept of hydraulic radius), as well as new dependencies and formulas for determining the coefficient of hydraulic friction are presented, taking into account the influence of the morphometric elements of the channel on the hydraulic resistance of the machine channels of pumping stations. The article presents the results of hydraulic studies in free-flow and pressure water pipelines, the results of which showed that the dependencies obtained for calculating hydraulic resistance in round pressure pipes cannot be extended without appropriate adjustments to the pressure-free channels (provided that the pipe diameter is replaced in the corresponding calculations D-value 4R, where R-hydraulic radius). This position is justified by the presence of a number of factors that distinguish the pressure movement of liquid in pipes from its free-flow movement in the channels, where there is a free flow surface, a wider range of roughness of the channel bottom and walls, a different (than in pipes) distribution of tangential stresses along the wetted perimeter, the possibility of two different flow states (depending on the slope of the channel bottom). The work also considers the general equation of fluid motion in free-flow channels and the functional dependences of the hydraulic friction coefficient on the Reynolds number, relative roughness and on the shape of the free section of the channel; resistance formulas, first for the simplest channels with respect to the cross-sectional shape (round and infinitely wide rectangular), and then for channels with a more complex cross-sectional shape.

Methodology for assessing the efficiency of water jet pumps in auxiliary systems of irrigation pumping stations

The reliability and efficiency of irrigation pumping stations operation primarily depends on the well-coordinated operation of all systems. Drainage system should ensure that the building and territory of the pumping station are not flooded by drainage (filtration) water. At many pumping stations (especially those with long pressure lines), water jet pumps are installed as pumps for pumping out drainage water. The experience of operating such plants has revealed their undeniable advantages in comparison with conventional vane centrifugal pumps (type K and D) – sufficient reliability in operation due to the simplicity of the design, the absence of rubbing parts in the installation, the possibility of pumping contaminated liquids and the possibility of their use in the absence of power supply. But with all this, water jet pumps are extremely low-efficiency. To justify the use of jet pumps, a methodology is needed that would allow for a comprehensive consideration of all the main factors that affect their reliability, ease of operation and energy efficiency in the drainage system. On the example of the pumping station “Kiziltepa-2”, these factors were identified and the energy efficiency of water jet pumps was calculated. Various applications of jet pumps are considered, and their efficiency is evaluated.

Study on issues of uninterrupted power supply, energy-saving and improving the quality of electrical energy of water facilities

This paper analyses the results of studies of uninterrupted power supply, energy saving issues, problems of improving the quality of electrical energy of irrigation pumping stations and electrical consumers of water facilities. The current state of the power supply system is described, and the analysis of the existing situation is carried out. On the basis of comparison of theoretical calculations and practical measurements of the consumption of electrical energy, discrepancies in the results were determined. A solution was found to the problem of reducing the actual consumption in relation to the calculated ones. Recommendations are given for ensuring uninterrupted power supply, solving the issues of increasing the energy efficiency of the equipment in operation for energy conservation and saving electrical energy by improving quality indicators.

Methods of regulating the work of units at irrigation pumping stations

The article shows that the process of grain crushing is not sufficiently studied. A practical way to control the quality of grain grinding. The crushing process was studied by various scientists, but they did not consider the module for the quality of grain grinding in a rotary crusher. The article is devoted to assessing the quality of grain grinding by compiling a module. For a qualitative analysis of the grinding of the experimental crusher, the experimental plan was adopted for various values of the working chamber clearance and rotor rotation frequencies. The experimental results were examined in wheat at 750 rpm and a working chamber gap of 1.5 mm. The results obtained allow us to determine the average size of the grinding particles. For the analytical description of processes according to experimental data, various standard distribution functions of a random variable were used. To determine the appropriate case of the form of the distribution of the discrete function for various gaps. The technique of determining the coefficients of models in the form of linear equations by the least squares method is considered. The technique can also be used to find the coefficients of nonlinear functions. The distribution density of random variables is determined which allows to determine the probability of a random variable falling into the range of values. The degree of correspondence between empirical and theoretical distributions was estimated based on a hypothesis at a significance level. The grinding quality of the experimental machine, with serial hammer crushers shows the average grinding value, the particle density distribution of hammer machines is much lower.

Monitoring system for electricity consumption at pumping stations

Currently, the control and accounting of electricity at 1693 irrigation pumping stations of the Ministry of water management of Uzbekistan is carried out manually, on the basis of which 17 different types of documentation are filled in. This work requires a large amount of time and human resources. This can also be observed at the water and wastewater pumping stations. In this paper, the existing system of accounting for electricity consumption is fully considered on the example of several irrigation pumping stations and one regional management of pumping stations. The organizational structure and the procedure for maintaining documents on accounting and collecting information about the electricity consumed by pumping stations were analyzed. Based on the data obtained, an automated system for monitoring and accounting of electric power at pumping stations has been developed. This system eliminates unauthorized switching on pumping units, theft, or inefficient power consumption. As a result, it reduces the annual electricity consumption of pumping stations, and also reduces labor costs. The payback period for the introduction of an automated system for monitoring and accounting of electric power at pumping stations is 2.5 months.

Development of Energy-Saving Modes of Irrigation Pump Stations

The article substantiates the need to develop energy-saving modes of large irrigation pumping stations and pumping units. The Object studies are centrifugal pumps residing in usages on the pumping station of the Republic. In the process of performing, the studies were used main positions theoretical mechanical engineers, hydraulics, theories blade pump, processing result field and laboratory experiment, graphic and analytical methods. The Purpose thesis work is increasing to efficiency to usages centrifugal pump irrigation systems by development scientifically-motivated ways of the discovery rational state of working and complex action on increasing of the working factors them, on the base of the use theoretical bases motivations factor, influencing upon the intensity of wear-out details pump and improvements of the hydraulic processes in running part pump unit. The new features of the pump is designed on the base of the methods calculation corner of the entry and output of working water travel about changed designs of the pump. The substantiation of technological, environmental factors is given. Considering that are pumping units are energy-consuming objects, recommendations are given on upgrading the flow part of the pumps.

Full-scale testing of the pump unit with a frequency converter

It is generally agreed that when using the frequency converter at pumping stations, the economic effect of its use far exceeds the losses in efficiency, and naturally, no comparison between the alternative methods of regulation is given. But, as a practice has shown at the application of the given control method, losses in efficiency can be essential. Quantitatively these losses depend on many factors (degree of regulation, type of the applied frequency converter, pumps and the driving electric motor, operating modes etc.). Therefore, for an accurate assessment of the efficiency of the control method, field tests of the unit with a frequency converter are necessary. Full-scale tests were carried out at the Teshik-Tash-1 pumping station located in the Andijan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The field tests consisted of determining the efficiency of the pump unit when the drive shaft speed changes. Graphical dependencies of changes in the energy parameters of the pump unit when changing the rotation frequency of the impeller shaft using a frequency converter are obtained. Tests have shown that loss values can reach significant values when using a frequency converter. If you reduce the speed of the pump impeller by 10 %, the efficiency of the electric drive (motor and converter) will also decrease by 10 %, and if you change it by 25 %, the efficiency of the electric drive may decrease by up to 40 %. The test results can be applied in the selection and feasibility study of the regulation method at irrigation pumping stations equipped with pumps of type D.

Methods of regulating the work of units at irrigation pumping stations

Irrigation pumping stations are one of the main elements of irrigation systems and the main consumer of electricity in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Therefore, the question of choosing a method for regulating the operation of pumping units is very important. Most irrigation pumping stations in the Republic of Uzbekistan are equipped with centrifugal pumps of type “D”. The main types of regulation for such pumps are: impeller trimming, changing the frequency of rotation of the impeller, the pumping unit switching on and off control method. The specific features of the operating modes of irrigation pumping stations revealed are. The analysis of various methods for regulating pumping units during the operation of irrigation pumping stations showed that, according to the degree of coverage of the water consumption schedule, the most optimal methods are valve control and a change in the rotational speed of the impeller shaft. Regulation by changing the speed of rotation and the pumping unit switching on and off control method more suitable according to the economy criterion. Calculations for the pumping stations “Ulugbek II”, “Kizil-Bayrak”, “Ittifok”, “Navoi” and “Turkiston” showed that with a change in the diameter of the impeller, the energy savings can reach 21.1-63.5%. When using a frequency converter at the same pumping stations, energy savings can reach 16.5-35.4 5%. It must be taken into account that, when turning, regulation is possible only in the direction of decreasing parameters.

Robotic irrigation complex “CASCADE”

The article considers the possibility of improving irrigation technology by expanding the functions of the automation system, the introduction of digital technologies and intelligent-advising control systems. The developed control system installed on the irrigation complex “CASCADE” provides control of the irrigation complex and pumping station with the transmission of information to the operator panel, followed by processing and analysis of data. Made on the basis of a programmable logic controller allows you to ensure timely watering with the introduction of the necessary fertilizers and pesticides, control water consumption, fuel level in the generator set and other parameters. It is possible to configure SMS alerts on mobile phones of the staff. The implemented module of the intelligent-advising system allows changing the irrigation rate in accordance with the level of moisture reserves of the field areas in real time, based on the readings of sensors and weather stations, without human intervention

Large pumping stations as regulators of power systems modes

The article discusses the issues of the effective use of synchronous motors installed in irrigation pumping stations. The necessary capacities for water delivery to waterless territories are given. It is shown that synchronous motors can generate reactive power and thus actively participate in the control of the system mode.

Computer Modeling of Pumping Station with Unregulated Electric Drive

The results of the analysis of transient and technological processes of the irrigation pumping station of the first lift, taking into account the negative starting effects on the synchronous electric drive, are considered. The analysis and review of the ways of regulating the performance of the units of the irrigation pumping station of the first lift are made, and the main difficulties of the existing methods of regulating the pump supply are revealed. Computer simulation of starting modes of high-voltage synchronous electric motors with direct and soft start, where soft starter was used for soft start, was carried out. The simulation took into account the changes in the currents of all phases of the electric motor, the electromagnetic torque, the motor speed, the effective value of the current, as well as the static torque. The introduction of semiconductor soft starters for electric drives of high-power pumping units has been substantiated.

Effect of parallel connection of pumping units on operating costs of pumping station

In Uzbekistan, as well as in many other countries of the world, pumping units operate in parallel into a common pressure pipeline at some pumping stations of the irrigation system. This was done mainly to save on the capital costs of the pipeline. Analysis and hydraulic calculation of the existing large irrigation pumping stations with pumping units operating in parallel showed that at some of them the conditions of parallel operation of pumping units were impaired. As a result, a negative hydraulic process arises, in the form of self-induced vibrations of the water flow in the pipeline, which leads to various damage and deformation of the pressure pipeline and pipeline supports. The calculations showed that with different modes of pumping units operating together, the power consumption at the Amu-Bukhara-1 and Namangan pumping stations, accounting for one unit increases by 0.72 ... 6.53%, and at the Amu-Bukhara-2 and Amu-Zang-2 pumping stations, this index, on the contrary, decreases by 0.32 ... 1.67%. Therefore, a properly selected operating mode of parallel-connected pumping units will lead to a decrease in operating costs, i.e. decrease in the prime cost of raised water.

Using specific speed and standard basic parameters select single-stage and double-acting centrifugal pump

Single-stage and double-acting centrifugal pumps are widely used in small and medium-sized irrigation pumping stations. It is difficult to assure data reliability and pump efficiency to select pump according to data sample from a specific pump manufacture chosen by the designer. A new method based on specific speed and basic parameters was studied in order to deduce the rotating speed and diameter of prototype pump’s impeller according to certain relative parameters of the model pump. At the same time, a special software for single-stage double-acting centrifugal pump selection was developed with Fortran and C# programming language. By typing in head and flow of certain pumping station engineering, proper rotating speed and diameter of prototype can be worked out. The method turns out to be reliable according to the verification based on the data of the Second Rate Pumping Station of certain pumping station.

Optimization of Starting Modes of High-Voltage Electric Drives of Irrigation Pumping Station in Hot Climate

Optimization of Starting Modes of High-Voltage Electric Drives of Irrigation Pumping Station in Hot Climate