Irrigation Pipeline Research Articles

Comprehensive evaluation of agricultural water-saving potential in the middle reaches of Hei River using genetic projection pursuit model

农业节水潜力综合评价是进行节水规划的重要依据。目前, 区域农业节水潜力的定量研究和综合评价研究仍存在不足。为此, 本研究以地处西北内陆的黑河中游地区为研究单元, 以流域统计资料和野外参与式农户调查资料为基础, 借鉴层次分析方法原理, 考虑区域社会经济发展水平、水文水资源状况、农业水资源开发利用、农业节水水平和生态环境对区域农业节水潜力的影响, 建立了区域农业节水潜力综合评价指标体系。并针对各个单项评价指标的不相容问题, 提出基于实码加速遗传投影寻踪的区域农业节水潜力综合评价模型, 利用最佳投影方向判断各指标对综合评价目标的贡献大小和方向, 通过投影指标值大小对黑河中游地区各区县(甘州区、民乐县、临泽县、高台县和山丹县)农业节水潜力实现水平进行评价。结果表明: 水利投资占GDP比例、渠道防渗面积比和管道输水面积比等指标对区域农业节水潜力的影响较大, 而人均粮食产量、人均水资源拥有量、供水量模数等指标影响较小; 2005年, 甘州区、民乐县、临泽县、高台县和山丹县的投影值Z(i)=(1.366 5, 1.170 4, 1.239 1, 1.259 6, 1.158 6), 故甘州区、高台县和临泽县农业节水技术水平较高, 山丹县和民乐县农业节水技术水平较低, 节水技术应用潜力空间较大。研究结果可为区域节水农业技术持续发展提供科学依据和决策支持。

Effect of Constructing Irrigation Pipeline on the Suppression of Irrigation Water Warming in Summer

Effect of Constructing Irrigation Pipeline on the Suppression of Irrigation Water Warming in Summer

Pheromone-Based Ant Colony Algorithm for Optimal Proliferation of Research

In order to realize the water-saving irrigation of field plots path pipeline deployment management and control, the pheromone of ant colony algorithm for optimization design of. Ant colony algorithm (ACA) is a kind of Bionic Engineering with the development of the optimization algorithm, is mainly based on ant foraging in the search for the shortest path model and form. This article attempts in the existing ant colony algorithm combinatorial optimization of real defect on the basis of field plots, to coordinate as a data source, An improved ant colony algorithm for field plots wiring path design, thereby improving the ant colony algorithm in an iterative process to update the optimal solution ability, Finally in the same number of iterations to find path shorter, cost less rules, solve agricultural water-saving irrigation pipeline path optimization deployment problem. And in the VC++ program validation path optimization problems. The test results show that, under the same climatic conditions, route optimization design results can be deployed for water saving irrigation pipeline layout management provides reference basis and data support.

Optimization Design for Diameter in Irrigation Pipeline Network in Land Consolidation

In the process of land consolidation, most designers of low-pressure water delivery systems for irrigation purposes use very simple empirical pipe selection methods based on arbitrary concepts, without taking into account economic factors. These methods do not lead to an optimal solution.In this article an optimum design method to calculate economic pipe diameters was presented. Based on the existing optimization model, the design was aimed to maximally reduce the annual pipeline network cost, and calculate the optimum economic pipe diameters of the network. By calculating the pipe diameter of irrigation pipeline network in Panan coal mining subsidence area in Jiawang district, Xuzhou City, the land consolidation investment of irrigation pipeline network was 1148199 Yuan, while the investment was 1478808 Yuan calculated by planning method, with 22 % saved compared to the original plan. Comparison with traditional methods the new method has a good performance.

Technologies for Efficient Use of Irrigation Water and Energy in China

While the shortage of water and energy is a well-recognized worldwide natural resources issue, little attention has been given to irrigation energy efficiency. In this paper, we examine the potential energy savings that can be achieved by implementing improved irrigation technologies in China. The use of improved irrigation management measures such as a flow meter, irrigation scheduling, and/or regular maintenance and upgrades, typically reduces the amount of water pumped over the course of a growing season. The total energy saved by applying these improved measures could reach 20%, as compared with traditional irrigation methods. Two methods of irrigation water conveyance by traditional earth canal and low pressure pipeline irrigation (LPPI) were also evaluated. Our study indicated that LPPI could save 6.48×109 kWh yr−1 when applied to 11 Chinese provinces. Also, the CO2 emission was reduced by 6.72 metric tons per year. Among these 11 surveyed provinces, the energy saving potential for two provinces, Hebei and Shandong, could reach 1.45×109 kWh yr−1. Using LPPI, potential energy saved and CO2 emissions reduced in the other 20 Chinese provinces were estimated at about 2.97×109 kWh yr−1 and 2.69 metric tons per year, respectively. The energy saving potential for Heilongjiang, a major agriculture province, could reach 1.77×109 kWh yr−1, which is the largest in all provinces. If LPPI is applied to the entire country, average annual energy saving of more than 9 billion kWh and average annual CO2 emission reduction of more than 9.0 metric tons could be realized. Rice is one of the largest users of the world's fresh water resources. Compared with continuous flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation (ITI) can improve yield and water-use efficiency in paddy fields. The total increments of net output energy and yield by ITI in paddy fields across China could reach 2.5×1016 calories and 107 tons, respectively. So far only a small part of agricultural land in China has adopted water and energy saving technologies. Therefore, potential water and energy savings in China by adapting improved irrigation technology could be significant and should be carefully studied and applied.

Development of Data Management Method Using XML for Hydraulic Numerical Analysis of the Irrigation Pipeline

Development of Data Management Method Using XML for Hydraulic Numerical Analysis of the Irrigation Pipeline

Photovoltaic Power Plants as a Source of Electromagnetic Interference to Metallic Agricultural Pipelines

The electromagnetic interference of power lines to nearby metallic pipelines has been a subject of research for many decades. Usually attention was given to gas or oil pipelines that shared the same rights-off-way with a power line for large distances. However, the recent advancement of renewable energy sources and specifically Photovoltaic (PV) power, due to generous incentives provided in many countries, has resulted in installations of large PV power stations even in agricultural areas. This brought up cases where such power stations in the MWp level, typically connected in medium voltage through buried cables, are located in the vicinity of metallic irrigation pipelines. Under certain conditions, these situations may result in induced voltages and currents on the pipeline that can pose threats to operating personnel. This work presents an analysis of the problems through a quasi-real case study adapted from a real case of a PV power station. The calculation methodology involves a hybrid method that is used in a way to reduced computational time. Results are presented both for normal operating conditions and faults in the power station and may be useful for both agriculture professionals and engineers.

Experimental Study on Muddy Water Delivery for Irrigation in Low-Pressure Pipeline System

Abstract. Non-depositing critical velocity is an important parameter in project design for low pressure pipeline irrigation system. By using indoor experimental system of water pipeline conveyance, the non-depositing critical velocity with different sediment content has been researched. The results show that the non-depositing critical velocity increases with the increasing of sediment content, but it does not increase substantially with the increasing of sediment content. The empirical formula of non-depositing critical velocity has been drawn, and close agreement between the empirical formula and the measured data exists with a correlation coefficient R2=0.95, which can provide the basic theoretic reference to prevent pipe from being clogged in channel irrigation area.

Construction and Economic Evaluation of Small Water-Saving Farmland Water Conservancy

Small farmland irrigation and water conservancy facilities form an important part of the county-level agricultural infrastructure and one of the key factors that affect agricultural production. The paper takes the Jiyang County in Shandong Province as a case to explain ways to address water shortage and underdeveloped small farmland irrigation and water conservancy utilizing dedicated investment to construct small water-saving farmland irrigation and water conservancy projects. In the 2011 project, 9 pumping stations will be built and 9 low-pressure pipeline irrigation systems will be deployed, with a total of 6,204m3/h designed pumping capacity and 450KW installed capacity that cover an irrigation area of 18,200mu. After completion of the project, the whole county’s effective irrigation area, water-saving irrigation area, efficient water-saving irrigation area, irrigation water efficiency and the overall grain production capacity will be increased significantly with improved benefits from increased yield, saved land, reduced labor and improved water efficiency. The national economic evaluation shows that the project is feasible. The construction of small water-saving farmland irrigation and water conservancy projects is, to certain extent, typical and universal, and can be referred to by the counties, municipalities and district elsewhere across the country in their respective efforts in small farmland irrigation and water conservancy constructions. Therefore, the project is worth recommending.

Analysis of Options to Increase Supply for the Virginia Pipeline Irrigation Scheme Utilising Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

Many decisions in the water industry, particularly related to large infrastructure projects, involve numerous discrete alternatives and criteria and are often characterised by uncertain consequences, complex interactions, and the participation of multiple stakeholders with conflicting interests. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a methodology that can be used to aid decision making when discrete alternatives are involved, as it facilitates stakeholder participation and collaborative decision making and does not require the assignment of monetary values to environmental or social criteria. This paper demonstrates the application of MCDA to a real case study in the water industry in South Australia. The case study involved undertaking an analysis of options for ensuring sufficient supply of treated wastewater to an expanded horticultural irrigation scheme. Participants from the water utility, United Water, and the water authority, SA Water, were involved in the decision analysis process through two workshops. Eleven options were assessed using fourteen criteria. The ranking of options utilised a reliability approach which took into account the participants preferences (i.e. criteria weights) and the uncertainty in the values assigned to the criteria.

Study of the suitable water-saving technique model based on fuzzy neural network for Wannian County

Using fuzzy system and neural network optimize the parameters of neural network, solving the optimal choice model by genetic algorithm can solve the problem of suitable technique choice for water-saving irrigation. The compute results of the program can evaluate the grade that the water-saving irrigation technique suit to the Dagangqiao irrigation district in Wannian County. This method can furthest avoid the man-made interference of weighting matrix value in fuzzy integrated evaluation and achieve a good result. At last, the most optimal suitable water-saving technique of the Dagangqiao irrigation district is pipeline irrigation. The decision-making program also offered a new way to how to choice the optimal water-saving technique.

Avaliação da Disponibilidade Hídrica e da Demanda Hídrica no Trecho do Rio Piranhas-Açu entre os Açudes Coremas-Mãe D’água e Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves

Piranhas-Acu River Basin is a federal basin located in the semiarid region of the Brazilian Northeast. Sixty per cent of its area is in the State of Paraiba, and 40% in Rio Grande do Norte. The main river, the Piranhas-Acu, is a vital source for many socio-economic activities carried out along its course. The reach under study has several pipeline systems, irrigation projects, and supplies several towns along the rivers. All these activities require a large volume of water as compared to the scarcity of water in the semiarid region. Considering the importance of this water resource for the region and the need to implement appropriate management, this paper aims to survey the actual conditions of water supply in this part of the Piranhas-Acu by hydrologic modeling which include the provision of major dam contribution basins of the river, and their monthly water balance. The rainfall-runoff model applied to the sub-basins was the MODHISA-hydrological model for the Semi-Arid. The simulation of the transformation of mean precipitation that occurred in the sub-basin in inflows to the Piranhas-Acu generated 50 years of synthetic flow data at relevant points of the Piranhas-Acu river and its tributaries enabling the construction of duration curves for flows along the reach studied. When we compare the available flows to the current and future demands for raw water intakes from the stretch, we observe that service is fully assured. It was also concluded that the MODHISA was very appropriate to the hydrological characteristics of the sub-basins of Piranhas- Acu catchment

Determination of the Capacity of a Regulating Pond in a Pipeline Irrigation System

Determination of the Capacity of a Regulating Pond in a Pipeline Irrigation System

Plantio irrigado de bananeiras resistentes à Sigatoka-negra consorciado com culturas anuais

Com o objetivo de avaliar o plantio irrigado de bananeiras resistentes à Sigatoka-negra consorciado com cultura anuais, na região norte de Minas Gerais, um experimento foi instalado na Fazenda Experimental do Departamento de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Câmpus de Janaúba-MG. O experimento foi conduzido no período de abril de 2006 a julho de 2007, delineado em blocos casualizados, segundo um esquema de parcelas subdivididas 3 x 5, tendo na parcela as três variedades de bananeiras: Pacovan Ken, Caipira e Thap Maeo, e na subparcela quatro culturas intercalares: Feijão-Pérola, Quiabo-Dardo, Melancia-Crimson-Sweet e Feijão-Caupi, e a testemunha (sem cultura intercalar), com três repetições. Ao todo, foram 756 bananeiras, em 45 parcelas, com 6 plantas úteis cada, constituindo a cultura principal. As culturas intercalares ocuparam as entrelinhas da bananeira, tanto aquelas com as linhas de irrigação como sem linha de irrigação. O plantio da bananeira e das culturas intercalares foi feito no mesmo período, utilizando-se do espaçamento de 3,0 m entre as linhas e 2,0 m entre as covas de bananeira, com microaspersores espaçados de 6 m. Avaliaram-se as características vegetativas e reprodutivas das variedades de bananeiras, no primeiro ciclo. Não foi observado efeito significativo dos cultivos intercalares sobre as variedades de bananeiras, com exceção do número de dias do plantio ao florescimento e do número de dias do plantio à colheita das variedades de bananeiras. O uso do feijão-caupi promoveu atraso no ciclo de produção das três variedades de bananeiras Pacovan Ken, Caipira e Thap Maeo.

Boots on the ground: construction management of urbanizing irrigated farm land

Since its inception, in 1885 the Buckeye Irrigation Canal has delivered irrigation water in the Buckeye Valley, southwest of Phoenix, Arizona. Throughout its tenure the owners of the canal have consulted design professionals for its engineering needs. Early engineering in 1885 established canal alignments, delivery points and channel capacity. Until recently, the Buckeye Valley was a rural area relying on agricultural revenues to drive the local economy. Now, due to the recent housing market boom new homes started springing up like corn in September driving the existing open-channel laterals below grade into a patch work redesigned pipeline system. Because of these changes, professional construction managers are an enormous benefit to the Buckeye Water Conservation and Drainage District (BWCDD), the owner of the canal.As a result of this urbanization, contractors working for home developers are installing irrigation pipelines and systems with the focus of completing the project as quickly and economically as possible. Irrigation providers, on the other hand, focus on meeting the agricultural needs of their clients with consistent and uninterrupted water delivery. The services of a professional construction manager help both entities achieve their respective goals, shield BWCDD from construction of sub-par systems and risk, maintain uninterrupted service to growers and providing the technical expertise to communicate with both BWCDD and contractors.Construction managers provide a number of services to rural irrigation districts under-going urbanization. They team with an irrigation district by: Understanding irrigation design concepts; Understanding agricultural demands; Providing a thorough knowledge of construction practices and standards; Creating long-term design functionality; Reducing stress on and increasing productivity of personnel; Coordinating construction activities with water deliveries; Verifying constructed facilities perform as designed, which reduces maintenance costs. Construction managers represent an irrigation district in the field by: Reviewing development plans for adherence to current construction standards and practices and coordinates construction schedules with water delivery needs; Observing construction for proper installation; Clarifying installers understanding of plans and specifications; Coordinating interruptions in service; Tracking multiple construction projects; Explaining agricultural practices to contractor personnel; Providing a single point of contact for construction related correspondence. These “boots on the ground” create a local presence with a focus on the specific needs unique to an irrigation district. They provide a liaison while minimizing the impact to its growers.This paper will discuss the strain of urbanization on an irrigation district and the benefits of an engineering consulting firm to manage construction projects. The benefits include expertise, technical resources, design capability, coordination and inspection. Construction managers can help protect an irrigation district from being overwhelmed by rapid urbanization.

Suggesting the use of integrated methods for vole population management in alfalfa fields

Human-made agro-ecosystems lack negative feedback controls, which may result in rodent population explosions, causing considerable economic loss and thus increasing human-wildlife conflicts. The traditional solution is the extensive use of rodenticides, which have a negative impact on the environment. In Beit-Sheaan Valley, Israel, which is located on a major route for migrating birds, poisoning of voles may result in the death of birds that prey on the dead voles (e.g. storks and herons). In the present essay we discuss some integrated methods, based on the implementation of ecological principles in agro-ecosystems, that could be used to decrease the use of rodenticides. The first method is light interference during winter (long scotophase), which can result in the death of the social vole Microtus socialis kept in enclosures under natural conditions. Under laboratory conditions such interference causes a decrease in thermoregulatory ability in the cold. As light interference is a source of pollution, only active vole burrows should be illuminated. The second method involves using the mobile irrigation pipelines to flood the vole burrows and force them to escape into the open, where diurnal birds such as storks and herons will prey on them. The third method involves the use of nesting boxes for barn owls and stands for diurnal raptors, both of which prey on voles. The great advantage of using an integrated approach is that voles cannot become adapted to any one of the methods. Such integrated methods, together with appropriate treatment of alfalfa fields by farmers, can provide an efficient and sustainable pest control approach.

Effectiveness of Inquiry in Irrigation Pipelines by Shear Wave Resonating Method

Effectiveness of Inquiry in Irrigation Pipelines by Shear Wave Resonating Method

Performance and Risk Management of Irrigation Pipelines

Performance and Risk Management of Irrigation Pipelines

2314 ANN による農業用パイプラインの計画要因の解析

We analyzed the plan factors of the irrigation pipeline, developed the software which decide the degree of preference of the plan factors and the optimum route plan. The decision degree of the preference was obtained by caliculating the coupling coefficient of the artificial neural network. The decision of the optimum route was carried out by the analytical hierarchy process.

Lâmina de irrigação e aplicação de CO2 na produção de pimentão cv. Mayata, em ambiente protegido

Avaliou-se o efeito da aplicação de diferentes lâminas de irrigação e do enriquecimento da atmosfera com CO2, em experimento com a cultura do pimentão (cultivar Mayata) em dois ambientes protegidos similares, em Piracicaba (SP). Em um deles, foi aplicado CO2 junto com a água de irrigação, elevando a concentração do gás na atmosfera para aproximadamente 800 mmolCO2/mol e, no outro, foi mantida a concentração do CO2 nas condições normais da atmosfera. Em cada ambiente, foram aplicadas quatro lâminas de irrigação, equivalentes a 60%, 80%, 100% e 120% da evaporação do tanque Classe A reduzido, arranjados no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições de uma planta cada. O CO2 foi injetado na linha de irrigação, durante aproximadamente 40 minutos. Foram selecionadas dez plantas para colheita dos frutos, aos noventa dias após o transplantio, das quais foram avaliados o comprimento, o diâmetro, a espessura da polpa, a massa média e o número de frutos por planta; além do rendimento da cultura (kg/ha). No ambiente protegido, com aplicação de CO2, houve efeito da aplicação das lâminas de irrigação de 100 e 120% da evaporação do tanque reduzido, enquanto no ambiente protegido, sem aplicação de CO2, não houve efeito. No ambiente protegido com aplicação de CO2, foram encontradas diferenças significativas para comprimento, espessura de polpa, número de frutos por planta e rendimento, da ordem de 7,0%; 4,5%; 35,0% e 38,4%, respectivamente, superiores para lâminas de irrigação de 100% da evaporação do tanque reduzido comparando com os dados obtidos para as menores lâminas de aplicação de água. A aplicação de CO2 no ambiente protegido possibilitou obtenção de maiores comprimento, diâmetro e número de frutos por planta, além da massa e rendimento, na ordem de 12,4%; 11,9%; 21,4%; 20,0% e 51,3%, respectivamente, em relação ao ambiente protegido, sem aplicação de CO2.