Performance Of Irrigation Networks Research Articles

Irrigation Distribution Network Design Parameters and Their Influence on Sustainability Management

In 2030, the world population will exceed 8.5 billion, increasing the challenges to satisfy basic needs for food, shelter, water, and/or energy. Irrigation plays a vital role in productive and sustainable agriculture. In the current context, it is determined not only by water availability but also by optimal management. Several authors have attempted to measure the performance of irrigation networks through various approaches in terms of technical indicators. To improve the sustainability in the pipe sizing of the pressurised irrigation networks, 25 different models were evaluated to discuss the advantages and disadvantages to consider in future methodologies to size water systems, which guarantee the network operation but contribute to improving the sustainability. They enable water managers to use them as tools to reduce a complex evaluation of the performance of a system, and focusing on better management of resources and sustainability indicators for agricultural ecosystems are clear and objective values.

Prediction of K-Means Multivariable Rice Production Center Pattern

West Sumatra is one of the provinces that have the potential to be used as a rice production center in Indonesia. However, the determination of local production centers is still justified based on conventional methods. This study aims to obtain historical data on rice production center variables, process data using the K-Means algorithm (RStudio), and justify rice production center areas in West Sumatra in a given year based on the acquisition of recommendation values (centroids). The results showed that in 2010-2020, the best number of clusters (elbow graph) was K=3. The highest recommendation value of the final centroid lies in centroid 3 so 8 recommendations for districts that are the center of rice production are obtained, including Padang Pariaman Regency, Pesisir Selatan Regency, Tanah Datar Regency, Agam Regency, Solok Regency, Fifty Cities Regency, Pasaman Regency, and South Solok Regency. Furthermore, of the eight districts included in the Governor’s Decree no. 525-757-2021 concerning the determination of food areas. Based on the 2019 irrigation network performance index as a decision-supporting variable, the highest index value reached the Batang Surantih irrigation area, Pesisir Selatan Regency, with an index value of 15 (100%).

PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI EPAKSI UNTUK PENILAIAN KINERJA SISTEM IRIGASI DUNG ULING A KABUPATEN BATANG

Irrigation is a system that is used to provide water for agricultural field for the good crop yields. The increase in agricultural yields is proportional to the performance of a good irrigation system. A good irrigation system will increase agricultural yields. The ePAKSI application is an internet-based Irrigation System Performance and Asset Management system for recording irrigation assets and assessing the performance of an irrigation system. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of irrigation networks using the ePAKSI application which was carried out on the Dung Uling Irrigation Network, which is an irrigation system located in Kuripan Village, Batang Regency. The research aims to determine the performance conditions of the Dung Uling Irrigation Network, using the ePAKSI application. The field data obtained through direct surveys and observations will be stored on the central server. Data processing and analysing results will be generated quickly and accurately, because the data can be accessed anywhere and assessments are carried out in real time. So that the results of the assessment are obtained quickly and accurately as a reference for handling the rehabilitation or maintenance of Irrigation Areas as needed.

Evaluation of the Performance of the Roraya I Irrigation Network in Baito District in South Konawe Regency

Development and management of irrigation networks requires good infrastructure so that it will support increased food production, improve community welfare and optimize the use of water resources. The purpose of the study was to analyze the performance of the physical infrastructure irrigation system in the Roraya I Irrigation Area, and to analyze the handling of the physical infrastructure irrigation system performance in the Roraya I Irrigation Area The results of the analysis of the performance of irrigation networks on physical infrastructure are lacking and need attention, with a weight value of 59.44%, and for handling irrigation networks on physical infrastructure in the form of maintenance that is heavy repair or replacement

Evaluation of irrigation network performance at the anjir serapat lowland irrigation area central kalimantan

The Anjir Serapat lowland Irrigation Area in Central Kalimantan is an agricultural area that supports the Food Estate program. Irrigation water comes from rainwater. The existing irrigation network cannot remove excess water during the rainy season, causing inundation in low-lying areas. Stagnant water causes the pH of the water to drop so that it becomes acidic. Acid inhibits the absorption of nutrients, interfering with rice plants’ growth. This study aims to evaluate the performance of irrigation networks in removing excess rainwater. Performance evaluation was carried out with the help of flow simulation using HEC-RAS. The simulation was carried out with three scenarios, namely scenarios with existing geometric conditions, channel normalization scenarios, and normalization scenarios, along with the addition of sluice gates. The normalization scenario and the addition of the sluice gate were more effective in reducing the area of flooded land by more than 20 cm to 158.71 hectares, with a reduction of 48.27% from the existing scenario. For land with lower contours, where not all inundation can be discharged into the channel, it is necessary to add a pump. Further studies are needed to see the effect of adding pumps on the reduction of inundation in the field.

Evaluation of some Water, Energy and Financial Indicators: A Case Study of Esenli Water User Association in Yozgat, Türkiye

Energy efficiency is one of the most important areas that humanity is working on in the world. As in all areas of life, energy used in irrigation has become an important research subject for researchers. In studies performed with performance indicators in Turkey, the use of energy indicators is limited. The scarcity of energy resources makes the efficiency of energy used in irrigation networks extremely important. This study evaluated the performance of a pressurised irrigation network in Yozgat province of Turkey, using the indicators. The data obtained were compared with other countries in the Mediterranean region. The results showed that the specific energy value was about three times lower than other countries. However, when the energy consumed per unit irrigated area was examined, it was found that the irrigation network has high consumption of energy. The use of pressurised irrigation systems will be made mandatory in the coming years, as water resources are reducing because of climate change and drought occurring in the world. Thus, the need of energy for irrigation will increase correspondingly. The use of energy indicators in the planning and implementation of irrigation systems will make significant contributions to the performance of irrigation networks in the future.

Analisa Indeks Kinerja Sistem Irigasi Pada Daerah Irigasi Batang Sangkir Kab. Kerinci

Batang Sangkir Irrigation Area in Kerinci district was built in 1984. Over time, the function of irrigation network services has decreased, so the operation and maintenance of irrigation networks is an activity that is very much needed to keep irrigation network performance maintained. In this regard, an assessment of the Irrigation System Performance Index in the Batang Sangkir Irrigation Area needs to be carried out to assess aspects or components that are not yet optimal in this irrigation area for immediate special handling or improvement. The assessment begins with an inventory of the condition and function of physical infrastructure, crop productivity results, supporting facilities, organization, documentation and P3A institutions to determine the performance value and recommendations for handling it. The results of the irrigation system performance index in the Batang Sangkir irrigation area are 63.47% which is included in the performance category is not good and needs attention. With the value of physical infrastructure 30.40%, crop productivity 13.80%, supporting facilities 3.43%, documentation 3.50% and P3A institutional 1.65%. Based on the value of this performance index, special maintenance and repair of physical facilities is required. at several points that were damaged, facilitated supporting facilities for OP officers so that officers were more agile in their activities, and gave P3A more attention so that they could contribute to maintaining and making good use of Batang Sangkir irrigation in the future.

Perancangan Sistem Pakar Untuk Menilai Kinerja Irigasi

Irrigation is a supporting infrastructure for water distribution in agriculture. Its role is vital, especially for agricultural areas which are not rain-fed, meaning that to irrigate agricultural areas the irrigation infrastructure is needed. It is important for all parties involved in agriculture and irrigation management institutions to find out and ensure the condition and performance of an irrigation network, whether its function is still as planned or even vice versa. So far, the performance evaluation of irrigation networks is still carried out conventionally and only reaches a form of Maintenance Operation report, not specific to its performance. So based on these conditions, this research will build an expert system that can be used to assess the performance of irrigation networks. The design begins by determining the logic of assessment that will be used as a way of thinking from the expert system that will be built. The indicators used by the system to assess irrigation performance are as stated in the regulation of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing No. 12 of 2015. After designing the expert system, the next step is to simulate it using the data available in the operation and maintenance reports of some irrigation networks that are used as samples. Then the simulation results are analyzed so that it can be known whether the system can work as planned or not. The system simulation results show a mismatch between the two indicators namely the performance of infrastructure and water services. While other assessment indicators have logical results.

Optimizing cropping pattern to improve the performance of irrigation network using system dynamics-Powell algorithm.

One of the strategies for agricultural development is the optimal use of irrigation and drainage networks, which leads to higher productivity and economic benefits. In this regard, quantitative and qualitative studies of drainage water from networks are essential for efficient water management. In the present study, we develop a model using a system dynamics approach to simulate the cropping pattern of an irrigation and drainage network as well as the discharge and salinity of drainage water from network farms. We apply the Powell algorithm to optimize the economic profitability of cultivated crops by considering the salinity and discharge of drainage water from the fields. With three aims, i.e., (1) maximizing benefit-cost ratio, (2) minimizing drainage water salinity and discharge of network, and (3) economic and environmental considerations simultaneously, the optimization of cropping pattern within the Kosar irrigation and drainage network is performed. Results based on five consecutive years under different scenarios showed that some crops, such as watermelon, are not economically recommened for production due to high costs, water consumption, and low selling price causes environmental pollution. On the other hand, wheat, grain maize, silage maize, sorghum, and alfalfa have different conditions, and their production is suitable by considering all scenarios. By comparing with experimental data, we find that the proposed model is accurate to simulate and optimize the irrigation network and to detect its cropping pattern.

Evaluation Of Water Delivery Performance In The Paya Sordang Irrigation Area, Padang Sidimpuan Tenggara District, Tapanui Regency

Irrigation plays a role in increasing crop production, by regulating, providing water needs for plants. Water demand for plants is affected by water loss due to decreased performance of irrigation networks. For this reason, a good irrigation system is needed so that water needs for plants can be met. Loss of water that occurs in irrigation canals can affect the efficiency of water requirements needed by plants. To increase crop production, it can also be done by optimizing the available land so that land use becomes more effective. The location of the research study is in the Paya Sordang Irrigation Area, Southeast Padangsidimpuan District, South Tapanuli Regency. Analysis of irrigation water needs was carried out using the FJMock method, from the analysis of irrigation water needs it was found that the mainstay discharge of the Batang Angkola watershed was obtained in order to obtain a good planting pattern and period. From the measurement of the discharge can be seen the efficiency of the irrigation canal. Meanwhile, to calculate land effectiveness, it is done by dividing the irrigated area by the design area. Based on this research, the mainstay discharge is 17.75 m3/s and the water demand is 0.7 lt/sec/ha. The efficiency of the secondary network is 91.1962%, this efficiency has met the efficiency specified in the criteria for irrigation planning, namely for the secondary channel, the efficiency is 90%. From the research results, it can be seen that Paya Sordang irrigation is currently less effective. This can be seen from the initial planned irrigation area which is 4,350 ha and which can be irrigated only 1,232 ha during the dry season and 3,118 during the rainy season, so that the effectiveness of Paya Sordang irrigation is only 28.322% during the dry season and 71.678% during the rainy season.

Evaluating the Performance of Agricultural Water Distribution Systems Using FIS, ANN and ANFIS Intelligent Models

Increasing water use efficiency in the agricultural sector requires the use of appropriate methods for intelligent performance evaluation of surface water distribution systems in agriculture. Therefore, in this study a systematic approach was developed for operational performance appraisal of the agricultural water distribution systems. For this purpose, Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were used to evaluate the technical performance of irrigation network, considering the uncertainties in the water exploitation process. The performance of the developed models was studied on the Roodasht irrigation canal, located in central Iran, which suffers from severe fluctuations in the inflow, by evaluating the adequacy, efficiency, and equity of surface water distribution. Hydraulic simulation of water distribution system, as well as providing the information required for training and validation of the intelligent models, were performed using the HEC-RAS model. The results showed that compared to the FIS model, ANN and ANFIS models similarly predicted the model outputs with lower errors at almost the same level. The adequacy, efficiency, and equity indicators were predicted by ANFIS model with MAPE of 0.16, 0.01 and 0.23, respectively. Also, FIS model was only able to predict the efficiency and could not predict the adequacy and equity with appropriate performance. The findings of this study reveal that since the ANFIS model uses both FIS and ANN models in its structure, it considers the model uncertainty reliably, and it can be used to evaluate the performance of agricultural water systems.

EVALUASI KINERJA JARINGAN IRIGASI DAERAH IRIGASI BARO KANAN KABUPATEN PIDIE

Baro Kanan Irrigation Area is one of the irrigation areas which is focused on increasing the productivity food crop in Pidie District. The Baro Kanan serves to irrigate of agricultural land of 8,920 ha with the Krueng Baro river water source. At the last few years, the Baro Kanan Irrigation Area experience limitations in the availability of water. The current problems on the Baro Kanan Irrigation Area are the reduced irrigation water discharge get to agricultural land. Performance evaluation of irrigation network is intended to get an overview of the current conditions. The purpose of the study: 1) Knowing the discharge of water availability and the discharge of water requirements each month in review of the factor K (water balance); 2) Knowing the condition of the irrigation network on the Baro Kanan irrigation systems; 3) Assessment irrigation network performance based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Numbers 12/PRT/M/ 2015. The research method in the form of a survey and documentation for the assessment of irrigation system includes physical infrastructure, cropping productivity, OP supporting facilities, OP implementing personnel organizations, documentation, and institutional condition P3A. From the results of the study obtained the level of water adequacy (factor K) on the Baro Kanan irrigation network of 67%, the condition of the physical infrastructure of 73,7%, cropping productivity of 69,8%, OP supporting facilities of 88,4%, OP implementing personnel organizations 79,7%, documentation 62,8%, and institutional conditions P3A 12%. The performance of the Baro Kanan irrigation network in the category performance of less and need attention with a performance percentage of 67,62%.

Determinant study for improvement priorities of irrigation assets (a case study of Kedungrejo irrigation network in Pilangkenceng sub-district, Madiun regency – Indonesia)

Irrigation plays an important role for increasing agricultural production in order to achieve national food sovereignty. However, in reality, requests of funding for the purpose of irrigation network management from year to year are not always fulfilled according to needs. As such, to resolve this issue, it is necessary to determine improvement priorities for repairs of irrigation assets so that management may be optimally carried out. The aim of this research is to determine and analyse the improvement priorities of irrigation assets in one of the irrigation areas of Madiun Regency. This study utilized the modified Irrigation Network Performance Evaluation Criteria and Weightings for the year 2018. In addition, statistical tests as the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were utilized, as the obtained data were in the form of rankings. Google Earth and ArcGIS software were utilized to facilitate the understanding of the conditions and management of all the assets. The required data was the inventory of the irrigation network. The results of the study showed that the Kedungrejo Irrigation Network has 10% of irrigation assets in very good condition, 37% in good condition, 49%, in fair condition, and 4% in poor condition. The highest ranking (ranking 1) was for the spillway, while the lowest ranking (ranking 82) was for a bridge.

PENANGGANAN JARINGAN IRIGASI KRUENG BARO KABUPATEN PIDIE MELALUI ANGKA KEBUTUHAN NYATA OPERAISONAL DAN PEMELIHARAAN (AKNOP)

Krueng Baro Irrigation Area is one of the irrigation areas which is focused on increasing food crop productivity in Pidie District. To support the existence of the irrigation, of course, it must be supported by a well-organized irrigation system, so an effective irrigation network management system is needed through the O and M program. O and M activities require a truly real value or cost figure which is the result of the search for irrigation networks known as the real operation and maintenance demand value. The physical condition of the Krueng Baro Irrigation Network if viewed from the results of the irrigation network inventory still has many obstacles that hamper the fulfillment of rice water needs, including physical damage to buildings and irrigation channels. The evaluation of irrigation network performance is the first step in the preparation of the real operation and maintenance demand value, the rate of performance of the Krueng Baro Irrigation Area network is 68.06% (BWSSI, 2017) which falls into the less category and needs attention. This study aims to identify Irrigation Network O and M activities and the real operation and maintenance demand value Krueng Baro irrigation. The research method is in the form of observations / field observations and documentation to obtain the existing conditions of irrigation networks which subsequently identify O and M plans and preparation of the real operation and maintenance demand value. After the preparation of the real operation and maintenance demand value was obtained the output of the value of the real cost requirement in carrying out routine operations was only 0.53% (IDR 529,180,000.00), Routine Maintenance 6.52% (IDR 6,510,464,300.00), while for Periodic Maintenance is very large, namely 92.95% (IDR. 92,764,196,192.00) compared to the overall total cost (IDR. 99,803,840,492.00). In order to achieve the full O and M Plan and the real operation and maintenance demand value Krueng Baro Irrigation Network due to the limited budgetary budget so is divided into a 5-year priority program plan reference to Minister of Public Works and Housing Regulation No. 12 / PRT / M / 2015 with the first year priority carried out on the main building which greatly influences performance and function of the irrigation system such as turnover of intake doors, olak ponds and upstream weir sediment excavation and some buildings and channels that have been destroyed and not functioning on the carrier channel.

Protection Strategies On Irrigated Farm Lands In Semarang District Using Analysis Hierarchi Process

Semarang District is an area which one of its focuses is on improving regional economy mainly based on agricultural sector. The agricultural activities which still depend on lands make those are considered having an important role. It is supported with regulations which protect the functional changes of farm lands, especially the irrigated ones. However, during a period of 2010-2014, the irrigated farm lands were reduced. A strategy to protect those irrigated farm lands is highly necessary, that is, by considering criteria to prioritize on protection of the irrigated farm lands in Semarang district. This study uses a method of Analysis Hierarchi Process (AHP) with a purposive sampling technique to collect 10 respondents. A protection strategy on Irrigated farm lands in Semarang district consists of several criteria with a prioritized program criterion of sustainable land and water utilization (0.322). The following criteria are optimization of irrigation network performance (0.241), law (0.186), economy (0.160), and social (0.091). There are some suggestions after conducting this study, such as providing education and socialization of legislations of law on farm land protection especially the irrigated ones, construction of reservoirs and dams, utilization of organic materials on farm lands management, irrigation network rehabilitation, strengthening legislations on protection of farm lands, authorities’ closer controls and supervisions, facilitation in obtaining agricultural inputs to improve welfare by empowering families, owners, and managers of those irrigated farm lands, as well as escorting policies on layout and regional plans to maintain the wide agricultural areas of irrigated farm lands.

Prediction of applied irrigation depths at farm level using artificial intelligence techniques

Irrigation water demand is highly variable and depends on farmer behaviour, which affects the performance of irrigation networks. The irrigation depth applied to each farm also depends on farmer behaviour and is affected by precise and imprecise variables. In this work, a hybrid methodology combining artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms was developed to model farmer behaviour and forecast the daily irrigation depth used by each farmer. The models were tested in a real irrigation district located in southwest Spain. Three optimal models for the main crops in the irrigation district were obtained. The representability (R2) and accuracy of the predictions (standard error prediction, SEP) were 0.72, 0.87 and 0.72; and 22.20%, 9.80% and 23.42%, for rice, maize and tomato crop models, respectively.

Ketahanan Air Irigasi pada Wilayah Sungai di Indonesia

Ketahanan air merupakan kemampuan masyarakat untuk menjaga keberlanjutan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan air untuk berbagai keperluan dan mengelola bencana terkait air. Nilai indikator ketahanan air pada negara-negara di Asia telah dirumuskan dan dihitung oleh Asian Development Bank (ADB), namun ketahanan air pada tingkat wilayah sungai, termasuk juga ketahanan air irigasi masih belum dikaji. Irigasi di Indonesia merupakan pengguna air terbesar, dan oleh karena itu ketahanan air irigasi berperan penting dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air. Makalah ini merumuskan, menghitung dan memetakan ketahanan air untuk irigasi pada seluruh wilayah sungai di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung ketahanan air irigasi diadopsi dari ADB, kemudian dikembangkan sesuai dengan kondisi ketersediaan data dan karakteristik wilayah sungai di Indonesia, dengan asumsi bahwa masing-masing wilayah sungai kondisinya homogen. Disimpulkan bahwa ketahanan air irigasi pada wilayah sungai di Indonesia pada umumnya berada dalam kondisi “sedang”. Kondisi “sangat buruk” hanya terjadi pada wilayah sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane dan Progo-Opak-Serang. Kondisi “buruk” meliputi wilayah sungai Bangka, Belitung, Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidurian, Ciliman-Cibungur, Bali-Penida, dan Lombok. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan air irigasi adalah dengan mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kinerja jaringan irigasi, meningkatkan keandalan pasok air dengan pembangunan waduk dan embung, serta mengurangi tekanan penggunaan air dengan penghematan air.

Development of a Conceptual Model for Application of Hydro‐Mechanical Gates in Irrigation Networks by a System Dynamic Approach

AbstractPoor performance of irrigation networks necessitates their improvement. One of the measures for performance improvement is application of automatic systems such as hydro‐mechanical gates. The decision‐making process for application of automatic systems is a complicated task. Reasons for this complexity are the wide range of existing technologies to be selected from, interactions between components and economic and social short‐ and long‐term impacts. Development of a suitable model which addresses all aspects of automation is needed. One suitable technique for coping with this is a system dynamic approach.In this research, the dynamic behaviour of irrigation networks using automated control systems is investigated and its conceptual model is developed as a first step of a system dynamic model. A questionnaire based on system dynamic archetypes was designed and completed by irrigation experts from six irrigation networks in Iran. In addition, interview techniques were used to collect data. The conceptual model was developed by a system dynamic approach. The conceptual model includes fixes that fail, limits to growth, eroding goals, success to the successful, and shifting the burden archetypes. The interactions between social, managerial, economic, technical and water resources in the long term, which play a significant role, are well elaborated in the developed conceptual model. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Assessing Criteria Affecting Performance of the Sefidroud Irrigation and Drainage Network Using TOPSIS–Entropy Theory

AbstractAssessing criteria affecting the performance of irrigation networks helps us understand the current situation of irrigation projects, allocate water fairly and modify cropping patterns. Criteria affecting the performance of the Sefidroud Irrigation and Drainage Network were studied using TOPSIS‐entropy theory to select appropriate sites for cultivating rice. The Sefidroud Irrigation and Drainage Network includes three sub‐networks of Foumanat, Central and Eastern with 17 irrigation sub‐sub‐networks located in the northern part of Iran. Six criteria, technical, managerial, environmental, economic, social and soil–climatic, with 34 sub‐criteria, were selected to assess the performance of the Sefidroud Irrigation and Drainage Network for three scenarios: A (including all criteria), B (all criteria except technical and managerial) and C (only soil–climate criteria). The criteria and sub‐criteria were weighted using the entropy model and coded in the TOPSIS model. Results showed the technical, economic and managerial criteria had the greatest importance and the environmental and soil‐climatic criteria had the least for ranking irrigation sub‐sub‐networks for selecting suitable sites for cultivating rice. Farm demand, income ratio and rainfall were the most important sub‐criteria for scenarios A, B and C, respectively. Fomanat sub‐network was the best site for cultivating rice. The use of the TOPSIS and entropy models to manage irrigation networks is recommended. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Assessing irrigation network performance based on different climate change and water supply scenarios: a case study in Northern Iran

The aim of this paper was to investigate the performance of irrigation networks under climate change, through a case study of a sprinkler irrigation network in Bilesavar, Northern Iran. In this study, the performance of the irrigation network was evaluated using WaterGems in terms of the equity and the adequacy of pressure, and minimum and maximum velocity at the outlets based on different scenarios. The results showed that ETo may be around 6% higher than the baseline (1971-2000) by 2010-39, and 12% higher by 2050-79, consequently, irrigation requirements may be higher in the future. Owing to climate change, it was seen that the irrigation network may experience challenges in terms of pressure and discharge supply. With increasing demand on the network, equity and adequacy indices of pressure distribution were seen to decline. In order to adjust to these changes, adaption strategies such as changes in the area of cultivation showed the greatest impact in reducing the volume and demand of water in the network. In general, the results showed that the various potential climate change scenarios may have a significant impact on irrigation network performance.