Duration Of Irrigation Research Articles

Sleep and psychological disorders seriously affect the quality of life of chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease that affects patients' quality of life (QoL). We aim to explore which symptoms bothered the patient most. This is a cross-sectional study of CRS patients 2years after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The main observation indicators were SNOT-22 and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. The patients were grouped according to clinical control standard of EPOS 2020. Patients' symptom scores and postoperative medication were used for analysis. A total of 276 patients were included, among them, uncontrolled patients accounted for 23.9%, sense of taste/smell, fatigue, lacking of a good night's sleep, reduced concentration and reduced productivity were the most serious symptoms that troubled them. VAS and SNOT-22 scores were significantly different among all groups (P = 0.000), and had clinical significance for the diagnosis of clinical uncontrolled patients (both P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the duration of corticosteroids use and nasal saline irrigation in uncontrolled patients was significantly longer than that in other patients (P < 0.05). There are significant differences in the QoL of CRS patients with different clinical control, sleep and psychological disorders are main symptoms that affect the QoL of CRS patients, and more targeted management of sleep/psychological issues may be needed especially for uncontrolled patients.

ЧАСОВА ДИНАМІКА, РОЗПОДІЛ ТА СУЧАСНІ ЗМІНИ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ТА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ВЕСНЯНОГО ВОДОПІЛЛЯ НА Р. ДЕСНА – М. ЧЕРНІГІВ

The article analyzes the long-term variability of the main parameters and characteristics of spring irrigation on the Desna River – the city of Chernihiv. The main methods used are the methods of mathematical statistics, systematization, generalization and analysis of initial data and obtained results. To carry out the research, a bank of average daily water consumption of the Desna River – Chernihiv city for the observation period 1895–2020 (126 years) was created. The analysis of the initial information was carried out and the following series of random variables were formed over a multi-year period: a series of dates of the start of spring irrigation (in the number of days from January 1); range of maximum water consumption of spring irrigation (in m3/c); a number of dates of maxima (in the number of days from January 1); a number of dates of the end of spring watering (in the number of days from January 1); range of duration of spring irrigation (in number of days). The method of comparison is used to identify modern changes. To do this, all the above-mentioned series of parameters and characteristics of spring irrigation are divided into two periods equal in number of years – 1895-1957 (63 years) and 1958-2020 (63 years). The multi-year average values (norms), coefficients of variation and asymmetry of spring irrigation start dates, maximum water flows during spring irrigation and their onset dates, end dates and duration of spring irrigation on the Desna River – Chernihiv city were determined for all studied periods. Constructed histograms of relative frequencies in the form of partial intervals of all studied indicators and characteristics of the spring irrigation of the Desna River – the city of Chernihiv demonstrated the peculiarities of their distribution during the observation period 1895–2020.

Fertigacija borovnice gajene u saksijama - primer slučaja fertigacije borovnice u Nemenikućama

The aim of this research is to present the technology of blueberry cultivation, especially from the aspect of fertilization and irrigation (fertigation), and the water use efficiency obtained in blueberry plantations grown in pots. In order to obtain optimal yields, irrigation and nutrition of the plants must be well coordinated, which is shown in this work. The experiment was located in Nemenikuća, Sopot municipality. The location is suitable for blueberry cultivation due to topography, altitude, climatic factors and water supply. Blueberries were planted in 45-liter pots, which was sufficient to obtain high yields. The substrate used was "Legro" with 25% perlite. Dripper with a flow rate of 4 L and a divided sub-dropper for uniform distribution of water in the pot was used. The irrigation system was also equipped with devices that extract the appropriate amount of fertilizer from the tank over the set of pH and EC values. This way of water distribution enables precise control of the quality and parameters of the irrigation water, such as pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Good drainage of the pot is ensured by perforations of the bottom and sides of the pot with several openings of different sizes and shapes. It is desirable that the bottom of the pot is separated from the substrate. The amount of water used for vegetation was 2,817,700 L or 2817.7 m3 of water for 9,000 plants. A yield of 14,000 kg of blueberries was obtained in second year and 38.000 kg in the third growing year. This means that 201.21 L of water was used for the yield of 1 kg of blueberries or 4.96 kg of blueberry can be produced using 1 m3 of water. Most of the water was applied in July (92 L per pot). The EC of the solution was variable from day to day, depending on the amount of nutrients consumed by blueberry. Water consumption was determined partly by the duration of irrigation and by the amount of drained water. The pH and EC values of the water were measured daily. The pH in the irrigation water was maintained in the range of 5.0-5.5 and the ES of 1.3-2.5 dS/m, in the drainage water 0.6 to 2.3 dS/m. In the year of replanting 77 g of yield per plant wwas obtained. Very high yields, as high as 1.5 kg per plant were obtained in the first year of production and as high as 4.2 kg per plant in the second year of production. The average water consumption during the growing season was 3 L per plant, and total water consumption during first yielding year was 313 L.

Effect of Tea Compost and Duration of Irrigation on the Content of Clove Flowers of Medicinally Active Substances

Effect of Tea Compost and Duration of Irrigation on the Content of Clove Flowers of Medicinally Active Substances

Effect of Adding Different Levels of Potassium on Some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Maize Under Water Stress Conditions

A field experiment was conducted for the autumn season in 2022 in an agricultural land in the province of Raranjia (Hamzawiyah), 10 km south of Babylon Governorate, the center of Hilla, in soil with sandy clay mixed texture to improve the growth efficiency of the Maize plants (Zea mays L.) Fajr 1 cultivar under water stress conditions by the effect of irrigation durations and the addition of different amounts of potassium sulfate. The experiment was designed in randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. in a split - plots arrangement, as the irrigation periods included four levels, namely irrigation every (6, 8, 10 and 12) days as a main factor, while potassium sulfate included four levels (0, 150, 200 and 250) kg.h-1. The results achieved the duration of irrigation every 8 days significant superiority in the average on the highest, leaf area, leaves content of chlorophyll and the dry matter of plant, which amounted to 177.8 cm, 519.3 cm 2, 47.9 SPAD and 428.5 g, while the duration of irrigation every 12 days was significantly reduced in reducing some vegetative growth characteristics, as the average yield of dry matter reached 341.9 g and the level of potassium sulfate added significantly affected the increase in vegetative of growth indicators such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight and leaf content of chlorophyll, and the potassium level of 250 kg.h-1 achieved the highest values among other potassium levels for the same traits, reaching 180.3 cm, 522.9 cm2, 432.1 g and 47.9 SPAD respectively, while the interaction between the two factors had a significant impact on most of the studied traits and gave interference Irrigation periods 8 days and potassium addition 250 kg.ha -1.

The role of irrigation fluid in transurethral resection of the prostate outcomes and surgeon performance.

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold-standard for the treatment of benign prostate enlargement (BPE) associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), after failure of conservative therapy. At present, only resection-rate (grams of prostate resected over time) is regarded as an efficiency parameter to evaluate the skill of the operator and to assess the outcome of the procedure. Five surgeons performed TURP using a Gyrus-type bipolar system in 123 patients with BPE/LUTS who came to our observation from June 2016 to December 2019. The amount of irrigation fluid used during the procedure was registered and correlated to the operating time, resection-rate, prostate adenoma weight, post-operative bladder irrigation time, intraoperative bleeding and days of catheterization. We found an inverse correlation between the amount of irrigation fluid used during TURP and the resection-rate recorded for all operators, according to Spearman's Correlation (r = -0.78, p = 0.002); a direct correlation was also found between the amount of irrigation fluid and the adenoma weight. Finally, we also found a direct correlation with intraoperative bleeding and the duration and amount of bladder irrigation during and after TURP. The amount of irrigation fluid used is proposed as a reliable parameter to estimate the efficiency of the endoscopic procedure as well to assess the skill of the operator and shortterm results. The observed data encourage the possibility of applying this new efficiency indicator to all endoscopic maneuvers.

The Influence of Glomus Mosseae, Palm Frond Compost and Irrigation Duration on the Growth of Millet Plant (Panicum miliaceum L.) and on the Availability of Iron and Zinc in the Soil

To study the effect of inoculation with Gloums Mosseae inoculum, organic residues (palm fronds compost), and irrigation duration on the growth and availability of iron and zinc for millet plant Pamicum Miliaceum L., a field trial was carried out for the summer season 2022 in one of the fields of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate - Sumer district in sandy clay loamy soil. The experiment was implemented following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental treatments were distributed randomly. They were: with and without fungal inoculum (F0 and F1), three levels of organic residue applications C0 = control, C1 = 3 tons of compost application, C2 = 5 tons of compost application, and three irrigation durations R1= Irrigation every 10 days, R2 = irrigation every 15 days, R3 = irrigation every 20 days. The results are summarized as follows: The results present a significant increase in all the studied traits, plant height, shoot dry weight, and iron concentration in the soil during the flowering and full maturity stages, except for the zinc concentration in the soil, which the increase was not significant. The values of these traits were 88.84 cm plant-1, 56.15 gm plant-1, 290.2 mg Fe kg soil-1, and 230.9 mg Fe kg soil-1, respectively, compared to the control treatment (no application + irrigating every twenty days) 50.62 cm plant-1, 23.53 g plant-1, 135.4 mg Fe kg soil-1,120.8 mg Fe kg soil-1.

The Effect of Inoculum with the Glomus mosseae and Palm Frond Detritus on the Yield of Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and the Ratio of Protein to Proline under Varying Irrigation Levels

This study aimed to determine the effect of Gloums Mosseae fungus and palm fronds detritus (compost) on the yield of millet crop (panicum miliaceum L.) and the ratio of protein to proline at various irrigation levels. A field experiment was conducted in one of the fields in the Sumer District of the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate during the summer of 2022. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in this experiment with three replications. The treatments were distributed randomly. Two levels of fungal inoculation (F1 = inoculation with Glomus Mosseae, F0 = control), three levels of compost (C1 = application of 3 tons of palm frond compost, C2 = application of 5 tons of palm frond compost, C0 = control) and three irrigation duration (R1 = irrigation every ten days, R2 = irrigation every fifteen days, R3 = irrigation every twenty days). The results present a significant increase in all the studied traits (grain yield, biological yield, grain protein content, leaf proline content) 2.408 t h-1, 17.926, t h-1 16.10%, 13.16%, and 1.617 mmol gm-1, respectively, compared to with the control treatments that resulted in the least values for the studied traits, respectively, 1.123 t h-1 10.099 t h-1, 8.62%, 6.66%, 0.807 mmol gm-1.

Incidence of Infection-related Complications and Optimal Saline Irrigation Volume for Preoperative Bowel Preparation to Reduce Postoperative Infections in Hirschsprung’s Disease

Objective: The purpose of this study was to find incidence of infection-related complications and the optimal volume and duration (days) of rectal NSS irrigation that would result in the low post-operative complications following transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT) in patients with Hirschprung’s disease. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart reviews of 131 patients diagnosed with Hirschsprung’s disease who underwent TERPT at Siriraj Hospital between January 2006 and December 2020. Results: Infection-related complications were observed in 23(17.6%) patients, comprising 22(16.8%) cases of anastomotic strictures, 3(2.3%) cases of anastomotic leakages, and 2(1.5%) cases of intraabdominal collections. The median (Q1, Q3) volume of NSS irrigation (ml/kg/day) for those without complications (38.1 (33.9,50)) and those with complications (39.5 (35,45)) was statistically identical (p = 0.945). Similary, the median duration of for both groups was the same (p = 0.854). The mean (SD) volume of irrigated NSS in those with leakage (55.6 (32.7)) and those without leakage (44.3 (17.9)) showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.291). Patients with post-operative stricture received the same amount of irrigated NSS (40.7 (11.9)) as those without stricture (45.4 (19.2)) (p = 0.138). Similarly, those with hyponatremia received the same amount of irrigated NSS as those without hyponatrema (p = 0.475). Conclusion: The volume of rectally irrigated NSS did not correlate with infection-related complications such as anastomotic leakage, stricture and intraabdominal collection. However, this study observed a low complication rate, thus, future research should cover a larger population.

Evaluating soil water movement and soil water content uniformity under sprinkler irrigation with different soil texture and irrigation uniformity using numerical simulation

Water movement and its distribution uniformity in the soil are essential for the design of sprinkler irrigation systems. They are both crucial factors influencing nutrient migration and the productivity of crops. In this study, a new numerical simulation method was proposed to investigate the soil water movement in sprinkler irrigation under nonuniform infiltration boundary conditions using COMSOL software. Besides, two soil tank experiments were conducted to test the reliability of the simulation model. Finally, the model was applied to evaluate the effects of sprinkler irrigation uniformity, soil texture, and initial soil water content on soil wetting patterns and soil water content uniformity. The results showed that the COMSOL-2D predictions of the vertical wetting fronts were in good agreement with the experimental data. The soil texture and initial soil water content influenced the soil wetting pattern and the risks of surface runoff and deep percolation in sprinkler irrigation systems. When the water application rate was 11.35 mm h−1 with an irrigation duration of 10 h, it was easy to cause surface runoff in silty clay loam while deep percolation in loamy sand. Additionally, when the initial soil water content is high, it should be better to avoid irrigation or cut down the irrigation duration to prevent percolation. The water within the soil was more uniformly distributed than that applied through a sprinkler irrigation system. The uniformity coefficient of soil water content distribution (CUs) increased from 87.75 % to 95.56 %, as the uniformity coefficient of sprinkler irrigation (CU) increased from 40.74 % to 82.41 %. Although a higher initial soil water content brought a higher soil CUs value, it also led to a higher risk of percolation. The experimental and simulation results indicated that the COMSOL-2D model could be used to accurately simulate soil water movement in sprinkler irrigation and determine the suitable operation mode of low-pressure sprinklers.

Analisis Optimasi Aplikasi Sistem Irigasi Tetes PVC Ber-Amiter pada Variasi Lahan Bertingkat Untuk Mendukung Kegiatan Pertanian di Permukiman Perkotaan

Multilevel drip irrigation with PVC pipes is an efficient irrigation method that has the potential to be applied in urban settlements. Even though the land used is not very large, farming can be done effectively because it uses polybag land. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in PVC pipe drip irrigation networks with amiter on irrigation distribution, irrigation uniformity, and soil moisture levels with variations in irrigation duration. The test was carried out on four variations of tower water level and four variations of PVC drip irrigation networks in a multi-level system, with four variations of irrigation duration t1=5 minutes, t2=10 minutes, t3=15 minutes and t4=20 minutes. The test data analyzed includes irrigation distribution data and irrigation uniformity (Cu) and soil moisture recharge (Wt). The analysis results show that the best distribution of drip irrigation is obtained in network variation 3 with an average of 69 ml. The average uniformity obtained for Cu is above 97%, which is considered very good. Soil moisture Wt in variation 3 drip irrigation networks for a depth of 20 cm ranges from 0.69% - 21.65% at L1, at L2 around 2.16% - 21.65%, at L3 is 2.19% -21.68 % and at L4 it is 10.41% - 28.66%, so the higher the level position, the greater the soil moisture addition provided by irrigation.

Gross Hematuria Associated with Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Drugs: Analysis of Current Treatment Standards and Relevance of Co-medication and Pharmacological Interactions

BackgroundAnticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs are risk factors for gross hematuria (GH). Moreover, co-medication and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may influence GH and its clinical course. ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between GH and administration of oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs. Design, setting, and participantsHospitalized patients with GH in an academic tertiary reference center were included. The use of individual compounds and DDIs were recorded and correlated to relevant clinical outcome factors. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe association between GH, DDIs, and clinical outcome parameters was analyzed using χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests. DDIs were systematically evaluated using a previously published calculator. Results and limitationsA total of 189 patients with GH were eligible for the study. Of these, 76.2% took anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. The mean hospitalization duration was 4.7 d. The mean bladder irrigation duration was 3.1 d and the mean volume of irrigation fluid used was 22.8 l. Overall, 30.7% of patients had a pre-existing genitourinary malignancy. DDIs were observed in 31.9% of cases. The irrigation duration (p = 0.01) and volume of irrigation fluid (p = 0.05) were significantly associated with the use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. Specific DDI patterns were not predictive of clinical outcome. ConclusionsMedication with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs has a significant impact on GH and its clinical course. DDIs are a relevant issue and may lead to adverse clinical events or greater drug toxicity. Critical evaluation of medication and interdisciplinary counseling for patients with GH and urinary tract disease are recommended. Patient summaryDrugs taken to reduce the risk of blood clotting can increase the risk of blood in the urine (called hematuria) and medical expenses for treatment. Drug–drug interactions are a relevant issue, especially in elderly patients and those with other medical conditions who are taking several drugs. Thoughtful discussion of individual risk profiles for hematuria and medication is therefore recommended.

Does dutasteride reduce the bleeding in transurethral resection of the prostate in patients on antiplatelet drugs?

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a 4-week dutasteride treatment on reducing the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, as well as the amount and duration of irrigation required to clear the urine after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) ≥50 g in men receiving the antiplatelet drug (APD). This double-blind randomized clinical trial included patients with a prostate size ≥50 g who were indicated for TURP and were already receiving APD. The study was conducted in the Urology Department of Cairo University over a 12-month period. Routine preoperative laboratory investigations were performed in all patients. Moreover, baseline prostate size, serum prostate-specific antigen level, and International Prostate Symptom Score were estimated. The patients were randomly divided into 2 equal groups (groups A and B). Group A, the dutasteride group, received dutasteride (0.5 mg) once daily for 4 weeks. Group B, the placebo group, received a placebo capsule once daily for 4 weeks. Both groups underwent bipolar TURP. Fifteen patients were excluded from the study; 9 patients from group A and 6 patients from group B, either due to drug intolerability or loss follow-up. The mean blood loss was insignificant between the 2 groups immediately after and 24 hours after surgery (Δ hemoglobin: 1.41 ± 0.63 g/dL vs. 1.48 ± 0.54 g/dL, 2.12 ± 0.70 g/dL vs. 2.31 ± 0.78 g/dL, respectively, p = 0.631, p = 0.333; Δ hematocrit: 2.97% ± 1.51% vs. 3.16% ± 1.36%, 4.96% ± 1.87% vs. 5.73% ± 4.39%, respectively, p = 0.610, p = 0.380). However, there were significant differences in duration of indwelling urethral catheter (5.10 ± 0.55 days vs. 5.80 ± 1.79 days, p = 0.048), duration of bladder irrigation (13.60 ± 2.85 hours vs. 16.33 ± 6.62 hours, p = 0.044), and the amount of saline used for bladder irrigation (11.03 ± 2.30 L vs. 13.87 ± 6.13 L, p = 0.046) between group A and group B. respectively. Treatment with dutasteride for 4 weeks before TURP in men receiving APD did not significantly reduce intraoperative or postoperative bleeding after TURP but could significantly reduce the duration of indwelling catheter placement, as well as the duration and amount of saline irrigation.

Estimation of wind drift and evaporation losses of sprinkler irrigation systems using dimensional analysis

Wind Drift and Evaporation Losses (WDEL) critically determine the application efficiency of sprinkler irrigation systems. In specific conditions, even half of the irrigation water can evaporate or drift out of the irrigated area. The purpose of this study was to develop a WDEL estimation equation based on dimensional analysis (Buckingham's π method), considering a wide set of independent variables. An equation was sought that could be used for various sprinkler technologies and meteorological conditions in semiarid areas. Our research used experimental data from the literature, obtained in northeastern Spain and northwestern Iran. The complete data set consisted of 153 WDEL observations obtained at different operating pressures, nozzle diameters, irrigation durations, day and night irrigations, elevations from the soil surface and meteorological conditions. The experiments involved solid-sets and moving laterals, impact sprinklers, gear driven sprinklers and rotating spray plate sprinklers. The equation developed in this research included four technical independent variables (main nozzle diameter, auxiliary nozzle diameter, operating pressure and nozzle elevation) and four meteorological independent variables (air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation). The equation resulted in improved estimation respect to the equations previously derived from part of the experimental data set. The proposed equation was calibrated using 70% of the experimental data and validated using 30% of the experimental data. When the proposed equation was applied to the complete experimental data set, the determination coefficient was 0.81 and the root mean square error was 3.49%. The proposed equation represents a clear improvement respect to the equations reported in the literature in terms of the number and range of the independent variables and the predictive capacity.

Sustainable Smart Agriculture Farming for Cotton Crop: A Fuzzy Logic Rule Based Methodology

Sustainable agriculture is a pivotal driver of a nation’s economic growth, especially considering the challenge of providing food for the world’s expanding population. Agriculture remains a cornerstone of many nations’ economies, so the need for intelligent, sustainable farming practices has never been greater. Agricultural industries worldwide require sophisticated systems that empower farmers to manage their crops efficiently, reduce water wastage, and optimize yield quality. Yearly, substantial crop losses occur due to unpredictable environmental changes, with improper irrigation practices being a leading cause. In this paper, we introduce an innovative irrigation time control system for smart farming. This system leverages fuzzy logic to regulate the timing of irrigation in cotton crop fields, effectively curbing water wastage while ensuring that crops receive neither too little nor too much water. Additionally, our system addresses a common agricultural challenge: whitefly infestations. Users can adjust climatic parameters, such as temperature and humidity, through our system, which minimizes both whitefly populations and water consumption. We have developed a portable measurement technology that includes air humidity sensors, temperature sensors, and rain sensors. These sensors interface with an Arduino platform, allowing real-time climate data collection. This collected climate data is then sent to the fuzzy logic control system, which dynamically adjusts irrigation timing in response to changing environmental conditions. Our system incorporates an algorithm that generates highly effective (IF-THEN) fuzzy logic rules, significantly improving irrigation efficiency by reducing overall irrigation duration. By automating the irrigation process and precisely delivering the right amount of water, our system eliminates the need for human intervention, rendering the agricultural system more dependable in achieving successful crop yields. Water supply commences when the environmental conditions reach specific thresholds and halts when the requisite climate conditions are met, maintaining an optimal environment for crop growth.

The effect of tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss in transurethral resection of the prostate: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Bleeding and bleeding-related complications remain common after bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia. This may possibly lead to prolonged postoperative irrigation, catheterization, and hospital stay. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of high-dose tranexamic acid (TXA) on perioperative blood loss in patients treated with bipolar TURP for prostate sizes between 30 and 80 g. We conducted a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Eighty patients were screened for inclusion between March 2020 and January 2023. After exclusion, 65 patients were randomized in two comparable groups. The TXA group (31 patients) received a TXA intravenous loading dose of 10 mg/kg over 30 min before induction, followed by a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg/h over 12 h. The placebo group (34 patients) received an equal dose of saline infusion. We measured age, weight, preoperative prostate size, anticoagulant use, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor use, preoperative urinary tract infection, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, difference in pre- and 24 h postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, operative time, resected adenoma weight, duration of postoperative irrigation, total amount of postoperative irrigation fluid, indwelling catheter time, duration of hospital stay, blood transfusion rate, and 4-week complication rate. Baseline characteristics in both groups were comparable. Postoperative hemoglobin decrease in TXA versus placebo group was 1 versus 1.6 mg/dL, respectively (p = 0.04). In addition, the amount of postoperative irrigation fluid (10.7 vs. 18.5 L), irrigation time (24.3 vs. 37.9 h), catheterization time (40.8 vs. 53.7 h), and hospital stay (46.9 vs. 59.2 h) were statistically significant in favor of TXA use. No blood transfusions were carried out. Four-week complication rate was comparable between the two groups. Perioperative high-dose TXA seems beneficial in reducing hemoglobin loss, postoperative irrigation, catheterization time, and hospital stay in bipolar TURP for prostate sizes between 30 and 80 g, without increased risk of TXA-related thromboembolic events.

Assessment of Sowing Density Impact on Water Front Advancement and Infiltration in Furrow Irrigation

This research aims to evaluate the impact of durum-wheat sowing density on wetting front advancement and water infiltration rate along the furrow length. In addition, durum wheat yield and furrow irrigation performance under the different sowing densities were assessed. For that purpose, a field experiment was conducted under semi-arid conditions in Tunisia using four durum-wheat sowing densities: SD1 (250 seeds m−2), SD2 (350 seeds m−2), SD3 (450 seeds m−2) and SD0 (bare soil). The results reveal that water front advancement tends to be inversely proportional to sowing density. In fact, under the SD3 treatment, both irrigation duration and applied water volume increased about twofold compared to those recorded under SD0, resulting in an increasing soil infiltration rate. Furthermore, the two-point method performed well in estimating water front advancement, with an R2 value close to 1. Regarding durum wheat yield, values varied between 3.5 and 4.9 t ha−1 with the highest value attributed to the SD3 treatment. Meanwhile, higher irrigation water productivity was recorded under SD1. Considering irrigation performance indicators, the results indicate that distribution uniformity (DU) increases with increasing sowing density. Moreover, the lowest application efficiency values (75%) were recorded under the SD0 and SD3 treatments as compared to 82% for SD2 and 80% for SD1.

Modeling process of salt fringe formation during fertigation

The introduction of mineral substances into the soil through fertigation ensures the localization of the nutrients necessary for the plant in the area of the root system. However, under certain conditions, this method leads to soil salinization. When the soil dries out, salts are predominantly concentrated at the boundary between dry and wet soil, forming a salt fringe. The article describes the results of experiments and a software tool designed to simulate the process of redistribution of salts during soil drying. The results of calculations for soils of central Russia are presented, taking into account the main hydrophysical characteristics of the soil and the function of hydraulic conductivity under various initial conditions in the form of moisture gradients depending on the depth of the soil, the intensity and duration of irrigation, and the concentration of nutrients. It is shown that by selecting the appropriate initial conditions and irrigation regimes, it is possible to significantly reduce the intensity of the formation of salt fringes.

Assessing the water conservation potential of optimized surface irrigation management in Northern Italy

The effects of climate change on water availability affect the performance of surface irrigation, which is the oldest and most common method of water application to row crops worldwide. A paradigm shift towards strategies aimed at increasing flexibility of irrigation scheduling and improving the design and management of field layouts and irrigation practices should be explored to promote water conservation at the farm scale. In this study, we investigate how by adopting a more flexible irrigation scheduling and optimizing irrigation management variables and field layout it is possible to increase the efficiency of border irrigation and thus achieve water conservations and improve quality of crop production. The analysis of the actual performance of border irrigation was carried out on two maize fields located in the Padana Plain (Northern Italy) in 2 years characterized by different rainfall patterns (i.e. 2021 and 2022). Based on this information, continuous monitoring of soil moisture status combined with the AquaCrop-OS agro-hydrological model was used to manage flexible irrigation scheduling over the experimental fields, while the optimization of irrigation management (flowrate per unit width and cutoff time) and field geometries (border width and slope) was studied using WinSRFR 5.1 USDA software, which was properly calibrated by measures of waterfront advance and recession. The results show that with flexible irrigation scheduling and proper irrigation management and field layout, significant water conservation can be achieved. Specifically, in the case study, seasonal water conservation of about 10% was obtained just by scheduling irrigation based on actual crop water needs in a very dry agricultural season, while water conservation reached up to 60% in a wetter season. On average, an additional 7% of water conservation was achieved over the agricultural season when the irrigation duration was correctly applied to each border of the experimental plots, while approximately 20% of water was conserved when the border width was correctly designed based on inflow availability. These results provide useful information for improving the management of border irrigation in practice, both under current conditions and in prospective of increasing freshwater scarcity in the future.

Efficacy of Continuous Saline Irrigation Therapy for Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis.

Objectives Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a poor prognosis disease. This study aims to examine the patient background and treatment of DNM and to identify more effective treatments for DNM. Methods The patient background and treatment of 11 patients who underwent surgery for DNM between November 2010 and June 2021 were studied. The patients were divided into six patients who underwent continuous saline irrigation (group I) and five patients who did not (group N). The differences in the drainage duration and length of hospital stay between the two groups were retrospectively investigated. Results Eleven patients were treated for DNM: six male and five female, with a median age of 61 years (35-79). Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus in three cases; one patient was administered steroids. The pathways of occurrence were anterior tracheal gap/vascular visceral gap/posterior visceral gap in group I (2/1/2) and group N (0/2/4). Progression was I/IIA/IIB according to Endo's classification in group I (1/1/4) and group N (3/1/1). The mean duration of irrigation was 9.0 ± 3.7 days, and the drainage duration in group I was 17.5 ± 8.2 days, which was significantly shorter than 31 ± 13.6 days in group N ( p < 0.048). The hospital stays in group I was 29.3 ± 8.4 days, which was significantly shorter than that in group N (68 ± 27.1 days; p < 0.015). Conclusions Irrigation therapy significantly shortened the drainage duration and hospital stay. Irrigation is a useful treatment for DNM.